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California Simulation of evapotranspiration of Applied Water and Agricultural energy Use in California

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第8期12卷 1371-1388页

作者： Morteza N Orang Richard L snyder Shu Geng Quinn J Hart Sara Sarreshteh Matthias Falk Dylan Beaudette Scott Hayes Simon eching California Department of Water Resources Department of Land Air and Water ResourcesUniversity of California School of environment and energy Shenzhen Graduate SchoolPeking University

The California Simulation of evapotranspiration of Applied Water （CaI-SIMeTAW） model is a new tool developed by the California Department of Water Resources and the University of California, Davis to perform daily soil water balance and determine crop evapotranspiration （eTo）, evapotranspiration of applied water （eTaw）, and applied water （AW） for use in California water resources planning. eTaw is a seasonal estimate of the water needed to irrigate a crop assuming 100% irrigation efficiency. The model accounts for soils, crop coefficients, rooting depths, seepage, etc. that influence crop water balance. It provides spatial soil and climate information and it uses historical crop and land-use category information to provide seasonal water balance estimates by combinations of detailed analysis unit and county （DAU/County） over Califomia. The result is a large data base of eTc and eTaw that will be used to update information in the new California Water Plan （CWP）. The application uses the daily climate data, i.e., maximum （Tx） and minimum （Tn） temperature and precipitation （Pcp）, which were derived from monthly USDA-NRCS PRISM data （PRISM Group 2011） and daily US National Climate Data Center （NCDC） climate station data to cover California on a 4 kmx4 km change grid spacing. The application uses daily weather data to determine reference evapotranspiration （eTo）, using the Hargreaves-Samani （HS） equation （Hargreaves and Samani 1982, 1985）. Because the HS equation is based on temperature only, eTo from the HS equation were compared with CIMIS eTo at the same locations using available CIMIS data to determine correction factors to estimate CIMIS eTo from the HS eTo to account for spatial climate differences. CaI-SIMeTAW also employs near real-time reference evapotranspiration （eTo） information from Spatial CIMIS, which is a model that combines weather station data and remote sensing to provide a grid of eTo information. A second database containing the available soil water

关键词： soil water balance crop water requirements weather generator water resource planning crop coefficient energy use

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Model combining pre-transplant tumor biomarkers and tumor size shows more utility in predicting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence and survival than the BALAD models

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第12期24卷 1321-1331页

作者： Nicha Wongjarupong Gabriela M Negron-Ocasio Roongruedee Chaiteerakij Benyam D Addissie essa A Mohamed Kristin C Mara william S Harmsen J Paul Theobald Brian e Peters Joseph G Balsanek Melissa M Ward Nasra H Giama Sudhakar K Venkatesh Denise M Harnois Michael R Charlton Hiroyuki Yamada Alicia Algeciras-Schimnich Melissa R snyder Terry M Therneau Lewis R Roberts Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus San Juan 00921Puerto Rico Department of Medicine Faculty of MedicineChulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial HospitalThai Red Cross SocietyBangkok 10400Thailand Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Division of Laboratory Medicine Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Transplantation Mayo Clinic FloridaJacksonvilleFL 32224United States Wako Life Sciences IncorporatedMountain ViewCA 94043United States

AIM To assess the performance of BALAD, BALAD-2 and their component biomarkers in predicting outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients after liver *** BALAD score and BALAD-2 class are derived from bilirubin, albumin, alpha-fetoprotein(AFP), Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP(AFP-L3), and des-gammacarboxyprothrombin(DCP). Pre-transplant AFP, AFP-L3 and DCP were measured in 113 patients transplanted for HCC from 2000 to 2008. Hazard ratios(HR) for recurrence and death were calculated. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted. C-statistics were used to compare biomarker-based to predictive models. ReSULTS During a median follow-up of 12.2 years, 38 patients recurred and 87 died. The HRs for recurrence in patients with elevated AFP, AFP-L3, and DCP defined by BALAD cut-off values were 2.42(1.18-5.00), 1.86(0.98-3.52), and 2.83(1.42-5.61), respectively. For BALAD, the HRs for recurrence and death per unit increased score were 1.48(1.15-1.91) and 1.59(1.28-1.97). For BALAD-2, the HRs for recurrence and death per unit increased class were 1.45(1.06-1.98) and 1.38(1.09-1.76). For recurrence prediction, the combination of three biomarkers had the highest c-statistic of 0.66 vs. 0.64, 0.61, 0.53, and 0.53 for BALAD, BALAD-2, Milan, and UCSF, respectively. Similarly, for death prediction, the combination of three biomarkers had the highest c-statistic of 0.66 vs 0.65,0.61, 0.52, and 0.50 for BALAD, BALAD-2, Milan, and UCSF. A new model combining biomarkers with tumor size at the time of transplant(S-LAD) demonstrated the highest predictive capability with c-statistics of 0.71 and 0.69 for recurrence and death. CONCLUSION BALAD and BALAD-2 are valid in transplant HCC patients, but less predictive than the three biomarkers in combination or the three biomarkers in combination with maximal tumor diameter(S-LAD).

关键词： alpha-fetoprotein AFP-L3 des-gammacarboxyprothrombin BALAD BALAD-2 Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver transplant Recurrence Outcome

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DIFFeReNTIAL DIAGNOSIS FOR PHYSICAL THeRAPISTS: SCReeNING FOR ReFeRRAL 4th ed.

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2007年

作者： Catherine Cavallaro Goodman Teresa e. Kelly snyder

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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火花点火式稀薄燃气发动机

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柴油机 1992年第6期14卷 1-6页

作者： W.e.snyder S.G.DeXTeR 魏逊蒙

1 引言在预燃室稀薄天然气发动机上进行了燃烧过程详细研究。这种发动机引入主燃烧室的燃气非常稀薄(通常50％～100％的过量空气),而预燃室引入少量较浓燃气。压缩之后,预燃室燃气浓度达到化学当量混合比。预燃室内燃气一旦被火花塞点... 详细信息

1 引言在预燃室稀薄天然气发动机上进行了燃烧过程详细研究。这种发动机引入主燃烧室的燃气非常稀薄(通常50％～100％的过量空气),而预燃室引入少量较浓燃气。压缩之后,预燃室燃气浓度达到化学当量混合比。预燃室内燃气一旦被火花塞点火引燃,燃烧迅速发生,仅在曲轴转角几度之后火焰射流进入主燃烧室,火焰射流能量比原来火花能量大几个数量级。事实上预燃室在这里起一个“能量放大器”作用,放大后的能量用来引燃主燃烧室的稀薄燃气。

关键词：发动机预燃室燃烧过程

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How Can We efficiently Fabricate Nanostructured Materials with Unprecedented Properties?

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Accounts of Materials Research 2021年第12期2卷 1129-1132页

作者： Ian McCue Joshua snyder Department of Material Science and engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 United States Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Laurel Maryland 20723 United States Department of Chemical and Biological engineering Drexel University Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 United States

INTRODUCTION Decades of research have been devoted to studying the properties of nanostructured materials-e.g.,single crystalline wires,porous materials,polycrystals and laminatesfor applications ranging from heterogeneous catalysts to highstrength structures.1 Interest in nanoscale materials is motivated by their new(and often enhanced)properties,which are attributed to large interfacial areas and high surface defect concentrations.2 Nanoscale catalysts exhibit superior activities due to surface strains,increased population of dangling bonds,and unique surface electronic states established by surface/subsurface atomic interactions.3,4 For instance,bulk Au surfaces are relatively inert but Au nanoparticles exhibit excellent catalytic behavior.1,3 In a similar fashion,nanocrystalline metals possess exceptionally high yield strengths due to an increased barrier for plasticity mechanisms to operate in confined volumes and in close proximity to interfaces.1,2,5 Unfortunately,fabrication techniques for these materials are frequently resource-intensive and cannot be translated into commercial-scale processing.

关键词： bonds exceptional devoted

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Performance and calibration of quark/gluon-jet taggers using 140 fb^(-1) of pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第2期48卷 1-25页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott K. Abeling N.J. Abicht S.H. Abidi A. Aboulhorma H. Abramowicz H. Abreu Y. Abulaiti B.S. Acharya C. Adam Bourdarios L. Adamczyk S.V. Addepalli M.J. Addison J. Adelman A. Adiguzel T. Adye A.A. Affolder Y. Afik M.N. Agaras J. Agarwala A. Aggarwal C. Agheorghiesei A. Ahmad F. Ahmadov W.S. Ahmed S. Ahuja X. Ai G. Aielli A. Aikot M. Ait Tamlihat B. Aitbenchikh I. Aizenberg M. Akbiyik T.P.A. Åkesson A.V. Akimov D. Akiyama N.N. Akolkar K. Al Khoury G.L. Alberghi J. Albert P. Albicocco G.L. Albouy S. Alderweireldt M. Aleksa I.N. Aleksandrov C. Alexa T. Alexopoulos F. Alfonsi M. Algren M. Alhroob B. Ali H.M.J. Ali S. Ali S.W. Alibocus M. Aliev G. Alimonti W. Alkakhi C. Allaire B.M.M. Allbrooke J.F. Allen C.A. Allendes Flores P.P. Allport A. Aloisio F. Alonso C. Alpigiani M. Alvarez estevez A. Alvarez Fernandez M. Alves Cardoso M.G. Alviggi M. Aly Y. Amaral Coutinho A. Ambler C. Amelung M. Amerl C.G. Ames D. Amidei S.P. Amor Dos Santos K.R. Amos V. Ananiev C. Anastopoulos T. Andeen J.K. Anders S.Y. Andrean A. Andreazza S. Angelidakis A. Angerami A.V. Anisenkov A. Annovi C. Antel M.T. Anthony e. Antipov M. Antonelli F. Anulli M. Aoki T. Aoki J.A. Aparisi Pozo M.A. Aparo L. Aperio Bella C. Appelt A. Apyan N. Aranzabal S.J. Arbiol Val C. Arcangeletti A.T.H. Arce e. Arena J-F. Arguin S. Argyropoulos J.-H. Arling O. Arnaez H. Arnold G. Artoni H. Asada K. Asai S. Asai N.A. Asbah J. Assahsah K. Assamagan R. Astalos S. Atashi R.J. Atkin M. Atkinson H. Atmani P.A. Atmasiddha K. Augsten S. Auricchio A.D. Auriol V.A. Austrup G. Avolio K. Axiotis G. Azuelos D. Babal H. Bachacou K. Bachas A. Bachiu F. Backman A. Badea P. Bagnaia M. Bahmani A.J. Bailey V.R. Bailey J.T. Baines L. Baines O.K. Baker e. Bakos D. Bakshi Gupta V. Balakrishnan R. Balasubramanian e.M. Baldin P. Balek e. Ballabene F. Balli L.M. Baltes W.K. Balunas J. Balz e. Banas M. Bandieramonte A. Bandyopadhyay S. Bansal L. Barak M. Barakat e.L. Barberio D. Barberis M. Barbero M.Z. Barel K.N. Barends T. Barillari M-S. Barisits T. Barklow P. Baron D.A. Baron Mo The ATLAS Collaboration

The identification of jets originating from quarks and gluons,often referred to as quark/gluon tagging,plays an important role in various analyses performed at the Large Hadron Collider,as Standard Model measurements and searches for new particles decaying to quarks often rely on suppressing a large gluon-induced *** paper describes the measurement of the efficiencies of quark/gluon taggers developed within the ATLAS Collaboration,using √s=13 TeV proton–proton collision data with an integrated luminosity of 140 fb^(-1) collected by the ATLAS *** taggers with high performances in rejecting jets from gluon over jets from quarks are studied:one tagger is based on requirements on the number of inner-detector tracks associated with the jet,and the other combines several jet substructure observables using a boosted decision tree.A method is established to determine the quark/gluon fraction in data,by using quark/gluon-enriched subsamples defined by the jet *** in tagging efficiency between data and simulation are provided for jets with transverse momentum between 500 GeV and 2 TeV and for multiple tagger working points.

关键词： ATLAS JeT QUARK GLUON TAGGING

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人类飞入太空

人类飞入太空

引用

1982年

作者：（美）施奈德（snyder e.e.）王镁译注

本书简明摘要的介绍了除地球以外的太阳系八大行星。

ISBN: (纸本)9215·169

本书简明摘要的介绍了除地球以外的太阳系八大行星。

关键词：课外读物英语

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Group dynamics motivation to increase exercise intensity with a virtual partner

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第3期8卷 289-297页

作者： Stephen Samendinger Christopher R.Hill Norbert L.Kerr Brian Winn Alison ede James M.Pivarnik Lori Ploutz-snyder Deborah L.Feltz Department of Kinesiology Michigan State University NASA Johnson Space Center Universities Space Research Association Department of Psychology Michigan State University Department of Media and Information College of Communication Arts & Sciences Michigan State University

Background: The effect of the K?hler group dynamics paradigm(i.e., working together with a more capable partner where one's performance is indispensable to the team outcome) has been shown to increase motivation to exercise longer at a strength task in partnered exercise video games (exergames) using a software-generated partner(SGP). However, the effect on exercise intensity with an SGP has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the motivation to maintain or increase exercise intensity among healthy, physically active middle-aged adults using an SGP in an aerobic ***: Participants(n = 85, mean age = 44.9 years) exercised with an SGP in a 6-day cycle ergometer protocol, randomly assigned to either(a)no partner control,(b) superior SGP who was not a teammate, or(c) superior SGP as a teammate(team score was dependent on the inferior member). The protocol alternated between 30-min continuous and 4-min interval lhigh-intensity session days, during which participants could change cycle power output(watts) from target intensity to alter distance and ***: Mean change in watts from a targeted intensity(75% and 90% maximum heart rate) was the primary dependent variable reflecting motivational effort. Increases in performance over baseline were demonstrated without significant differences between conditions. Self-efficacy and enjoyment were significantly related to effort in the more intense interval ***: Under these conditions, no K?hler effect was observed. exercise performance during the higher-intensity interval format is more closely related to enloyment and self-efficacy beliefs compared to the continuous sessions.

关键词： exercise intensity Kohler effect Motivation Software-generated partner

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High-repetition-rate(kHz) targets and optics from liquid microjets for high-intensity laser–plasma interactions

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High Power Laser Science and engineering 2019年第3期7卷 121-141页

作者： K.M.George J.T.Morrison S.Feister G.K.Ngirmang J.R.Smith A.J.Klim J.snyder D.Austin W.erbsen K.D.Frische J.Nees C.Orban e.A.Chowdhury W.M.Roquemore Innovative Scientific Solutions Inc.DaytonOhio 45459USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia 90095USA Computer Science Program and Applied Physics Program California State University Channel IslandsCamarilloCalifornia 93012USA National Academies of Science Engineeringand MedicineWashingtonDC 20001USA Air Force Research Laboratory WPAFBOhio 45433USA Department of Physics Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhio 43210USA Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences Miami UniversityHamiltonOhio 45011USA Center for Ultrafast Optical Sciences University of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan 48109USA Intense energy Solutions LLC.Plain CityOhio 43064USA

High-intensity laser–plasma interactions produce a wide array of energetic particles and beams with promising ***,the high repetition rate and high average power requirements for many applications are not satisfied by the lasers,optics,targets,and diagnostics currently ***,we aim to address the need for high-repetition-rate targets and optics through the use of liquids.A novel nozzle assembly is used to generate highvelocity,laminar-flowing liquid microjets which are compatible with a low-vacuum environment,generate little to no debris,and exhibit precise positional and dimensional ***,droplets,submicron-thick sheets,and other exotic configurations are characterized with pump–probe shadowgraphy to evaluate their use as *** demonstrate a highrepetition-rate,consumable,liquid optical element,we present a plasma mirror created by a submicron-thick liquid *** plasma mirror provides etalon-like anti-reflection properties in the low field of 0.1%and high reflectivity as a plasma,69%,at a repetition rate of 1 k *** considerations of fluid compatibility,in-vacuum operation,and estimates of maximum repetition rate are *** targets and optics presented here demonstrate a potential technique for enabling the operation of laser–plasma interactions at high repetition rates.

关键词： high intensity high repetition rate laser-plasma interaction liquid droplet liquid microjet liquid sheet plasma mirror target

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空气的海洋

空气的海洋

引用

1982年

作者：（美）施奈德（snyder e.e.）曹承康译注

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