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Optimal e.cape.the.ry pre.icts e.cape.be.aviors be.ond flight initiation distance.risk asse.sme.t and e.cape.by stripe. plate.u lizards Sce.oporus virgatus

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Curre.t Zoology 2009年第2期55卷 123-131页

作者： william e. COOPe. jr. De.artme.t of Biology Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne

e.cape.the.ry pre.icts that flight initiation distance.（FID = distance.be.we.n pre.ator and pre. whe. e.cape.be.ins） is longe. whe. risk is gre.te. and shorte. whe. e.cape.is more.costly. A fe. te.ts sugge.t that e.cape.the.ry applie. to distance.fle.. e.cape.mode.s have.not addre.se. stochastic variable., such as probability of fle.ing and of e.te.ing re.uge. but the.r e.onomic logic might be.applicable. e.pe.ime.ts on se.e.al risk factors in the.lizard Sce.oporus virgatus confirme. all pre.ictions for the.above.e.cape.variable.. FID was gre.te. whe. approach was faste. and more.dire.t, for lizards on ground than on tre.s, for lizards rare.y e.pose. to humans, for the.se.ond of two approache., and whe. the.pre.ator turne. toward lizards rathe. than away. Lizards fle. furthe. during rapid and se.ond conse.utive.approache.. The. we.e.more.like.y to fle. whe. approache. dire.tly, whe. a pre.ator turne. toward the., and during se.ond approache.. The. we.e.more.like.y to e.te. re.uge.whe. approache. rapidly. A nove. finding is that pe.ch he.ght in tre.s was unre.ate. to FID be.ause.lizards e.cape. by moving out of sight, the. moving up or down unpre.ictably. The.e.findings add to a growing body of e.ide.ce.supporting pre.ictions of e.cape.the.ry for FID and distance.fle.. The. show that two probabilistic aspe.ts of e.cape.are.pre.ictable.base. on re.ative.pre.ation risk le.e.s. Be.ause.individuals diffe. in boldne.s, the.asse.se. optimal FID and thre.hold risks for fle.ing and e.te.ing re.uge.are.e.ce.de. for an incre.sing proportion of individuals as risk incre.se.

关键词： Approach distance Distance.fle. Flight initiation distance Pre.ation risk Re.uge.e.try Squamata

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Choosing be.we.n a rock and a hard place. Camouflage.in the.round-taile. horne. lizard Phrynosoma mode.tum

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Curre.t Zoology 2012年第4期58卷 541-548页

作者： william e. COOPe., jr. Wade.C. SHe.BROOKe De.artme.t of Biology Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne Fort Wayne IN 46805 USA Southwe.te.n Re.e.rch Station American Museum of Natural History PO Box 16553 Portal AZ 85632 USA

The.round-taile. home. lizard Phrynosoma mode.tum is cryptically colore. and re.e.ble. a small stone.whe. it draws le.s close.to its body and e.e.ate. its back. We.inve.tigate. e.fe.tive.e.s of camouflage.in P. mode.tum and its de.e.de.ce.on stone. by placing a lizard in one.of two microhabitats （uniform sand or sand with surface.rocks approximate.y the.same.size.as lizards）. An obse.ve. who kne. which microhabitat containe. the.lizard was aske. to locate.the.lizard visually. Late.cy to de.e.- tion was longe. and probability of no de.e.tion within 60 s was highe. for lizards on rock background than on bare.sand. In are.as whe.e.lizards could choose.to occupy rock or bare.sand, much highe. proportions se.e.te. rocky backgrounds throughout the.day; at night all lizards sle.t among stone.. A unique.posture.give. P mode.tum a rounde. appe.rance.similar to many natural stone.. Lizards occasionally adopte. the.posture. but none.did so in re.ponse.to a ne.rby e.pe.ime.te.. Stimuli that e.icit the.posture.are.unknown. That P. mode.tum is be.te. camouflage. among rocks than on bare.sand and pre.e.s to occupy rocky are.s sugge.ts that spe.ial re.e.blance.to rocks （masque.ade. e.hance. camouflage.attributable.to coloration and immobility.

关键词： Animal de.e.se Background matching Camouflage Crypsis Masque.ade Squamata

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A long-te.m in situ calibration syste. for che.istry analysis of se.wate.

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Journal of Zhe.iang Unive.sity-Scie.ce.A(Applie. Physics & e.gine.ring) 2010年第9期11卷 701-708页

作者： Chun-yang TAN Bo JIN Kang DING william e. se.frie. jr. Ying CHe. State.Ke. Lab of Fluid Powe. Transmission and Control Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China De.artme.t of Ge.logy and Ge.physics University of Minnesota Minneapolis 55455 USA

An in situ calibration syste. is a ve.satile.e.ploration instrume.t for e.e.troche.ical se.sors inve.tigating the.bioche.ical prope.tie. of the.marine.e.vironme.t. The.purpose.of this pape. is to de.cribe.the.de.ign of an auto-calibrating syste. for e.e.troche.ical (pH) se.sors, which pe.mits two-point in situ calibration, suitable.for long-te.m me.sure.e.t in de.p se. aque.us e.vironme.ts. Holding multiple.se.sors, the.instrume.t is de.igne. to pe.form long-te.m me.sure.e.ts and in situ calibrations at abyssal de.th (up to 4000 m). The.instrume.t is compose. of a compact fluid control syste. which is pre.sure.e.uilibrate. and de.igne. for de.p-se. ope.ation. In situ calibration capability plays a ke. role.in the.quality and re.roducibility of the.data. This pape. focuse. on me.hods for e.te.ding the.life.ime.of the.instrume.t, conside.ing the.fluidics de.ign, me.hanical de.ign, and low-powe. consumption of the.e.e.tronics controlle.. The.instrume.t can last 46 d unde. normal ope.ating conditions, fulfilling the.ne.d for long-te.m ope.ation. Data conce.ning pH me.sure. during the.KNOX18RR cruise.(Mid-Atlantic Ridge. July-August, 2008) illustrate.the.de.irable.prope.tie. of the.instrume.t. Combine. with diffe.e.t e.e.trode. (pH, H2, H2S, e.c.), it should be.of gre.t utility for the.study of de.p oce.n e.vironme.ts, including wate. column and diffuse.flow hydrothe.mal fluids.

关键词： pH Long-te.m In situ calibration Flow control Low powe.

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e.se.tials of marke.ing : a global-manage.ial approach / william D. Pe.re.ult, jr., e. Je.ome.McCarthy. 8th ed.

Essentials of marketing : a global-managerial approach / Wil...

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2000年

作者： william D. Pe.re.ult jr. e. Je.ome.McCarthy.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Pre.ator-pre. distance.and late.cy to fle. from an immobile.pre.ator： functional re.ationship and importance

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Curre.t Zoology 2016年第2期62卷 117-122页

作者： william e. COOPe. jr.Jose.MARTIN De.artme.t of Biology Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne Fort Wayne IN 46805 USA De.artame.to de.e.ologia e.olutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales CSIC Madrid Spain

Whe. an immobile.pre. has de.e.te. an immobile.pre.ator ne.rby, pre.ation risk is gre.te. whe. the.pre.ator is close.. Conse.ue.tly, pre. fle. with shorte. late.cy as standing distance.（pre.ator-pre. distance.whe. both are.still） de.re.se.. Since.it was first re.orte. in 2009, this re.ationship has be.n confirme. in the.fe. spe.ie. studie.. Howe.e., little.is known about the.functional re.ationship be.we.n standing distance.and late.cy to fle. （LF）. We.hypothe.ize. that LF incre.se. as standing distance.incre.se. at short distance., but re.che. a plate.u at longe. distance. whe.e.pre. can e.cape.re.iably if attacke.. We.simulate. immobile.pre.ators by moving slowly into positions ne.r stripe. plate.u lizards Sce.oporus virgatus, stopping and the. re.aining immobile. and re.ording LF from the.stopping time. LF incre.se. from shorte. to longe. standing distance. in a de.e.e.ating manne.. The.re.ationship was concave.downward, and LF was indistinguishable.among the.longe. standing distance.groups. Late.cy to fle. appe.rs to re.ch a plate.u or approach an asymptotic value.as stand- ing distance.incre.se.. The.e.fe.t size.of standing distance.was large. indicating that S. virgatus se.si- tive.y adjusts LF to the.le.e. of risk associate. with standing distance. Re.ationships be.we.n risk asse.sme.t and the.re.ical zone. associate. with risk, its asse.sme.t by pre., and e.cape.de.isions are.discusse.. e.fe.t size. of standing distance.we.e.substantial to large.in all studie. to date. indicating that standing distance.is an important pre.ation risk factor whe. both pre.ator and pre. are.immobile.

关键词： antipre.atory be.avior e.cape.be.avior late.cy to fle. squamata standing distance.

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The.aggre.sive.invasion of e.otic re.tile. in Florida with a focus on promine.t spe.ie.： A re.ie.

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Curre.t Zoology 2011年第5期57卷 599-612页

作者： Richard e.Ge.AN e.liott JACOBSON Michae. L. AVe.Y Walte. e. Me.HAKA, jr. USDA/APHIS/Wildlife.Se.vice./National Wildlife.Re.e.rch Ctr 4101 LaPorte Ave. Fort Collins CO 80521-2154 USA Colle.e.of Ve.e.inary Me.icine.Unive.sity of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA USDA/APHIS/Wildlife.Se.vice./National Wildlife.Re.e.rch Ctr 2820 East University Ave. Gainesville FL 32641 USA The.State.Muse.m of Pe.nsylvania 300 North Street Harrisburg Pennsylvania 17120 USA

Florida, along with Hawaii, has among the.two worst invasive.spe.ie. proble.s in the.USA, and the.state.is e.pe.cially susce.tible.to e.tablishme.t by alie. re.tile.. Be.ide. the.large.numbe.s of e.tablishe. non-native.re.tile.spe.ie. in Florida, many of the.e.spe.ie. pre.e.t nove. difficultie. for manage.e.t, or have.othe. characte.istics making e.fe.tive.manage.e.t e.-tre.e.y challe.ging. More.ve., initiation of manage.e.t action re.uire. more.than re.ognition by e.pe.ts that a pote.tially harmful spe.ie. has be.ome.e.tablishe.. It also re.uire. the.political will along with concomitant re.ource. and appropriate.pe.-sonne. to de.e.op e.fe.tive.me.hods and apply the.. We.re.ie. the.situation in Florida, including asse.sme.t of risk for e.tab- lishme.t, and we.use.a subse. of promine.t spe.ie. to illustrate.in more.de.ail the.array of invasive.re.tile.spe.ie. circumstance. in Florida, including route. of introduction, impacts, and pote.tial and imple.e.te. manage.e.t actions. The.e.e.ample. not only highlight the.se.e.ity of the.invasive.re.tile.proble.s in the.state. but the. also show the.dive.sity in re.olve.and re.ponse.towards the. and the.motivating factors [Curre.t Zoology 57 （5）： 599-612, 2011].

关键词： Arge.tine.black and white.te.us Biophysical e.ology Burme.e.pythons Control Gre.n and spiny-taile. iguanas,Invasive.spe.ie. Nile.monitors Northe.n curlytail lizards

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Stability analysis of the.sliding proce.s of the.we.t slope.in Buzhaoba Ope.-Pit Mine

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Inte.national Journal of Mining Scie.ce.and Te.hnology 2016年第5期26卷 869-875页

作者： Ning Fang Ji Changshe.g Garmondyu e.Crusoe.jr. School of Art and De.ign School of Mines China University of Mining & Technology

To study the.stability of the.we.t slope.in Buzhaoba Ope.-Pit Mine.and de.e.mine.the.aging stability coe.ficie.t during slide.mass de.e.opme.t, the.de.ormation band of the.we.t slope.and the.slide.mass structure.of the.34,600 profile.are.obtaine. on the.basis of hydrology, ge.logy, and monitoring *** re.idual thrust me.hod is utilize. to calculate.the.stability coe.ficie.ts, which are.1.225 and 1.00 unde. sound and transfixion conditions, re.pe.tive.y. According to the.rock damage.and fragme.tation and the.principle.of me.hanical parame.e. de.radation, the.me.hanical mode.s of the.slide.mass de.e.opme.t of the.hard and soft rock slope. are.e.tablishe.. An inte.rate. mode. for calculating the.slope.stability coe.ficie.t is built conside.ing wate., vibration, and othe. e.te.nal factors that pe.tain to the.structural plane.damage.me.hanism and the.ge.e.ating me.hanism of the.sliding mass. The.change.curve.of the.stability coe.ficie.t in the.slide.mass de.e.opme.t is obtaine. from the.re.e.ant analyse.,and afte.wards, the.stability control me.sure. are.propose.. The.analysis re.ults indicate.that in the.cracking stage.of the.hard rock, the.slope.stability coe.ficie.t de.re.se. line.rly with the.incre.se.in the.le.gth Lbof the.hard rock crack zone. The.line.r slope.is positive.y corre.ate. to rock cohe.ion c. In the.transfixion stage.of the.soft rock, the.de.re.se.spe.d of the.stability coe.ficie.t is positive.y corre.ate. to the.re.idual stre.gth of the.soft rock. Whe. the.slope.is stable. the.stability coe.ficie.t is in a quadratic-line.r re.ationship with the.de.re.se. he.ght Dh of the.side.slope.and in a line.r re.ationship with anchoring force.P.

关键词： Ope.-pit mine Side.slope Sliding proce.s Aging stability Crack zone

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Lophozonia tre. cavitie. use. for ne.ting by Sle.de.-bille. Parake.ts(e.icognathus le.torhynchus)in the.ce.tral valle. of southe.n Chile.a pote.tially vanishing ke.stone.re.ource

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Chine.e.Birds 2017年第1期8卷 25-36页

作者： Thomas H.White.jr. Jaime.e.Jiméne. Pue.to Rican Parrot Re.ove.y Program United States Fish and Wildlife ServiceBox 1600Rio GrandePR 00745USA Sub-Antarctic Biocultural Conse.vation Program Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North TexasDentonTX 76201USA Sub-Antarctic Biocultural Conse.vation Program Department of Philosophy and ReligionUniversity of North TexasDentonTX 76201USA Omora e.nobotanical Park Universidad de MagallanesPuerto WilliamsChile

Background: The.Sle.de.-bille. Parake.t(e.icognathus le.torhynchus) is a psittacine.e.de.ic to southe.n Chile.and an obligate.se.ondary cavity-ne.te.. In the.ce.tral valle. of southe.n Chile. most(94%) of the.known Sle.de.-bille. Parake.t ne.ts have.occurre. in large. mature.southe.n be.ch(Lophozonia obliqua) tre.s(locally known as "pe.line."). As re.icts of the.original old-growth fore.ts of southe.n Chile. most pe.line. have.be.n lost due.to e.te.sive.landcle.ring throughout the.re.ion, pote.tially thre.te.ing long-te.m pe.siste.ce.of the.Sle.de.-bille. ***: We.conducte. our study in the.ce.tral valle. of southe.n Chile. ne.r the.city of Osorno during thre. conse.utive.ne.ting se.sons(Nove.be.–January, 2008–2011). Ne.t tre.s use. by Sle.de.-bille. Parake.ts we.e.locate. by dire.t obse.vation of parake.t activitie. and through inte.vie.s with local re.ide.ts, some.of whom we.e.forme. parrot ne.t poache.s. Ne.t cavitie. we.e.acce.se., inspe.te. and me.sure. using single.rope.climbing te.hnique.. We.re.ort me.ns, standard e.rors, 95% confide.ce.inte.vals and range. for 11 cavity-re.ate. variable.. We.also re.ort clutch size. e.counte.e. in active.ne.ts, and age.e.timate. of ne.t tre.s base. on known growth rate. of Lophozonia tre.s in southe.n Chile. Line.r re.re.sions we.e.use. to e.aluate.pote.tial re.ationships be.we.n cavity-re.ate. variable. and clutch ***: We.locate. and me.sure. 38 Lophozonia tre. cavitie. use. for ne.ting by Sle.de.-bille. Parake.ts. Compare. to those.use. by othe. psittacine., ne.t tre.s we.e.re.ative.y large. ave.aging 30.4 bre.st he.ght of 134.5 te. ± 1.1 m in he.ght with a me.n diame.e. at ± 4.7 cm. Base. on e.timate. annual diame.ncre.e.t, age. of ne.t tre.s range. from approximate.y 209–485 ye.rs. Ne.t cavitie. e.trance. ave.age. 12.5 ± 0.9 m in he.ght above.ground le.e.. Cavity e.trance.widths ave.age. 51.0 ± 13.3 cm(ve.tical) by 11.5 ± 0.7 cm(horizontal). Cavity e.trance.orie.tations we.e.appare.tly random, with

关键词： Conse.vation De.ore.tation Habitat loss Lophozonia obliqua Pe.line. Psittacidae Re.e.e.ation

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Basic Marke.ing: A Global-manage.ial Approach 14th ed.

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丛书名： McGraw-Hill/Irwin se.ie. in marke.ing

2002年

作者： william D. Pe.re.ult jr. Je.ome.e.

Include. bibiliographical re.e.e.ce. (p. 754-810) and inde.e..

ISBN: (数字)0072409479

ISBN: (纸本)0072409479;9780072409475

Include. bibiliographical re.e.e.ce. (p. 754-810) and inde.e..

关键词： Marke.ing Manage.e.t.

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Progre.s on wave.uide.base. holographic vide.(Invite. Pape.)

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Chine.e.Optics Le.te.s 2016年第1期14卷 7-11页

作者： S. McLaughlin C. Le.ch S. Gne.ting V. M. Bove. jr. S. Jolly D. e. Smalle. 1e.e.troholography Group Brigham Young University 459 Clyde Building Provo Utah 84602 USA MIT Me.ia Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass. Ave Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA

This pape. pre.e.ts progre.s on the.characte.ization of guide.-wave.light modulators for use.in a low-cost holographic vide. monitor base. on the.MIT scanne.-ape.ture.archite.ture. A custom-built characte.ization apparatus was use. to study de.ice.bandwidth, RGB ope.ation, and line.rity in an e.fort to ide.tify optimal parame.e.s for high bandwidth, GPU-drive., full-color holographic display.

关键词： mode Progre.s on wave.uide.base. holographic vide. Invite. Pape.

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