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Spatiotemporal variation of drought characteristics in the Huang- Huai-Hai Plain, China under the climate change scenario

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第10期16卷 2308-2322页

作者： LI Xiang-xiang JU Hui Sarah Garré YAN Chang-rong william d.batchelor LIU Qin Key Laboratory of dryland Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 P.R. China Agro-meteorological Center of Jiangxi Province Nanchang 330096 P.R. China department of Biosystems Engineering University of Liege Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Gembloux 5030 Belgium Biosystems Engineering department Auburn University AL 36849 USA

Understanding the potential drought characteristics under climate change is essential to reduce vulnerability and establish adaptation strategies, especially in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain （3H Plain）, which is a major grain production area in China. In this paper, we investigated the variations in drought characteristics （drought event frequency, duration, severity, and intensity） for the past 50 years （1961-2010） and under future scenarios （2010-2099）, based on the observed meteorological data and the Representative Concentration Pathway （RCP） 8.5 scenario, respectively. First, we compared the applicability of three climatic drought indices： the standardized precipitation index （SPI）, the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index based on the Penman-Monteith equation （SPEI-PM） and the same index based on the Thornthwaite equation （SPEI-TH） to correlate the recorded agricultural drought areas. Then, we analyzed the drought characteristics using ＇run theory＇ for both historical and the future RCP 8.5 scenario based on the best performing index. Correlation analyses between drought indices and agricultural drought areas showed that SPEI-PM performed better than SPI and SPEI-TH in the 3H Plain. Based on the results of SPEI-PM, drought risks including duration, severity and intensity during 1961-2010 showed an decreasing trend. However, under the RCP 8.5 scenario, drought is expected to rise in frequency, duration, severity, and intensity from 2010-2099, although drought components during the 2010-2039 are predicted to be milder compared with historical conditions. This study highlights that the estimations for atmospheric evaporative demand would create differences in the prediction of long-term drought trends by different drought indices. The results of this study can help inform researchers and local policy makers to establish drought management strategies.

关键词： climate change drought index drought characteristics Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

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Simulating Responses of Rice Yield and Nitrogen Fates to Ground Cover Rice Production System under different Types of Precipitation Years

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Rice science 2024年第6期31卷 725-739,I0023,I0024页

作者： REN Jian HU Kelin FENG Puyu william dbatchelor LIU Haitao LÜShihua College of Land Science and Technology China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(North China)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100193China Biosystems Engineering department Auburn UniversityAuburnAL 36849USA Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Sichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengdu 610066China

The Ground Cover Rice Production System(GCRPS)has considerable potential for securing rice production in hilly ***,its impact on yields and nitrogen(N)fates remains uncertain under varying rainfall conditions.A two-year field experiment(2021–2022)was conducted in Ziyang,Sichuan Province,located in the hilly areas of Southwest *** experiment included two cultivation methods:conventional flooding paddy(Paddy,W1)and GCRPS(W2).These methods were combined with three N management practices:N1(no-N fertilizer),N2(135 kg/hm^(2)urea as a base fertilizer in both W1 and W2),and N3(135 kg/hm^(2)urea with split application for W1 and 67.5 kg/hm^(2)urea and chicken manure separately for W2).The WHCNS(Soil Water Heat Carbon Nitrogen Simulator)model was calibrated and validated to simulate ponding water depth,soil water storage,soil mineral N content,leaf area index,aboveground dry matter,crop N uptake,and rice ***,this model was used to simulate the responses of rice yield and N fates to GCRPS under different types of precipitation years using meteorological data from 1980 to *** results indicated that the WHCNS model performed well in simulating crop growth and N fates for both Paddy and *** with Paddy,GCRPS reduced N leaching(35.1%–54.9%),ammonia volatilization(0.7%–13.6%),N runoff(71.1%–83.5%),denitrification(3.8%–6.7%),and total N loss(33.8%–56.9%)for all precipitation year ***,GCRPS reduced crop N uptake and yield during wet years,while increasing crop N uptake and yield during dry and normal *** application reduced the stability and sustainability of rice yield in wet years,but increased the stability and sustainability of rice yield in dry and normal *** conclusion,GCRPS is more suitable for normal and dry years in the study region,leading to increased rice yield and reduced N loss.

关键词： precipitation year type ground cover rice production system rice yield nitrogen fate model simulation

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Koutecky-Levich analysis applied to nanoparticle modified rotating disk electrodes： Electrocatalysis or misinterpretation？

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Nano Research 2014年第1期7卷 71-78页

作者： Justus Masa Christopher batchelor-McAuley Wolfgang Schuhmann Richard G. Compton department of Chemistry Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX13QZ UK Analytische Chemie and Center for Electrochemical Sciences-CES Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Universitatsstr 150 D-44780 Bochum Germany

The application of naive Koutecky-Levich analysis to micro- and nano-particle modified rotating disk electrodes of partially covered and non-planar geometry is critically analysed. Assuming strong overlap of the diffusion fields of the particles such that transport to the entire surface is time-independent and one-dimensional, the observed voltammetric response reflects an apparent electrochemical rate o constant koapp, equal to the true rate constant ko describing the redox reaction of interest on the surface of the nanoparticles and the ratio,ψ, of the total electroactive surface area to the geometric area of the rotating disk surface. It is demonstrated that Koutecky-Levich analysis is applicable and yields the expected plots of I-1 versus ω-1 where I is the current and ω is the rotation speed but that the values of the electrochemical rate constants inferred are thereof koapp, not ko. Thus, for ψ 〉 1 apparent electrocatalysis might be naively but wrongly inferred whereas for ψ 〈 1 the deduced electrochemical rate constant will be less than ko. Moreover, the effect of ψ on the observed rotating disk electrode voltammograms is significant, signalling the need for care in the overly simplistic application of Koutecky-Levich analysis to modified rotating electrodes, as is commonly applied for example in the analysis of possible oxygen reduction catalysts.

关键词： rotating disk electrodes nanoparticles electrocatalysis electrode kinetics electro-reduction ofoxygen Koutecky-Levich analysis

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Simulation of Fusion Plasmas:Current Status and Future direction

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Plasma Science and Technology 2007年第3期9卷 312-387页

作者： d.A.batchelor M.Beck A.Becoulet R.V.Budny C.S.Chang P.H.diamond J.Q.dong G.Y.FU A.Fukuyama T.S.Hahm d.E.Keyes Y.Kishimoto S.Klasky L.L.Lao K.Li Z.Lin B.Ludaescher J.Manickam N.Nakajima T.Ozeki N.Podhorszki W.M.Tang M.A.Vouk R.E.Waltz S.J.Wang H.R.Wilson X.Q.Xu M.Yagi F.Zonca Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN 37831USA 1122 Volunteer Blvd Suite 203KnoxvilleTN 37996-3450USA AssociationEURATOM-CEA sur la Fusio n Contr■lée CEA Cadarache13108 Saint Paul lez Durance CedexFrance Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory Princeton UniversityPrincetonNJ 08543USA Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York University251 Mercer StreetNew YorkNY 10012USA University of California at San diego Dept.of Physics and Center for Astrophysics and Space SciencesLa JollaCA 92093USA Southwestern Institute of Physics Chengdu 610041China department of Nuclear Engineering Kyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8501Japan Columbia University Department of Applied Physics and Applied MathematicsMC 4701New YorkNY 10027USA department of Fundamental Energy Science Graduate School of Energy ScienceKyoto UniversityGokashoUjiKyoto 611-0011Japan General Atomics P.O.Box 85608San DiegoCA 92186USA department of Computer Science Princeton University PrincetonNJ 08544USA department of Physics and Astronomy University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697USA department of Computer Science University of California DavisCA95616USA National Institute for Fusion Science TokiGifu 509-5292Japan Japan Atomic Energy Agency Naka Fusion Research EstablishmentNaka-machiIbaraki-kenJapan department of Computer Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA department of Physics Fudan University200433 ShanghaiChina department of Physics University of YorkHeslingtonYork YO10 5DD UK Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA 94550USA Research Institute for Applied Mechanics Kyushu UniversityKasuga 816-8580Japan Associazione Euratom-ENEA sulla fusione CR FrascatiCasella Postale 65-00044FrascatiItaly

I. Introduction (Z. Lin, G. Y. Fu, J. Q. dong) II. Role of theory and simulation in fusion sciences 1. The Impact of theory and simulation on tokomak experiments (H. R. Wilson, T.S. Hahm and F. Zonca) 2. Tokomak Transport Physics for the Era of ITER: Issues for Simulations (P.H. diamond and T.S. Hahm) III. Status of fusion simulation and modeling 1. Nonlinear Governing Equations for Plasma Simulations (T. S. Hahm) 2. Equilibrium and stability (L.L. Lao, J. Manickam) 3. Transport modeling (R.E. Waltz) 4. Nonlinear MHd (G.Y. Fu) 5. Turbulence (Z. Lin and R.E. Waltz) 6. RF heating and current drive (d.A. batchelor) 7. Edge physics Simulations (X.Q. Xu and C.S. Chang) 8. Energetic particle physics (F. Zonca, G.Y. Fu and S.J. Wang) 9. Time-dependent Integrated Modeling (R.V. Budny) 10. Validation and verification (J. Manickam) IV. Major initiatives on fusion simulation 1. US Scientific discovery through Advanced Computing (ScidAC) Program & Fusion Energy Science (W. Tang) 2. EU Integrated Tokamak Modelling (ITM) Task Force (A. Becoulet) 3. Fusion Simulations Activities in Japan (A. Fukuyama, N. Nakajima, Y. Kishimoto, T. Ozeki, and M. Yagi) V. Cross-disciplinary research in fusion simulation 1. Applied mathematics: Models, discretizations, and Solvers (d.E. Keyes) 2. Computational Science (K. Li) 3. Scientific data and Workflow Management (S. Klasky, M. Beck, B. Ludaescher, N. Podhorszki, M.A. Vouk) 4. Collaborative tools (J. Manickam)

关键词： mode ITER

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光斑贴试验——一项采用避光1d和2d后照射的方案的回顾性调查

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2006年第5期2卷 44-45页

作者： batchelor R.J. Wilkinson S.M. 罗素菊 dermatology department Leeds General Infirmary Leeds LS1 3EX United Kingdom

Photopatch testing is indicated in the investigation of patients with eczematous eruptions, affecting mainly light-exposed sites and in those who give a history of worsening of their condition with sun exposure. 3 different protocols are described by the British Photodermatology Group (Br J dermatol 1997:136:371- 376), 1 of which includes irradiation of allergens 1 day after application and 2 using irradiation of allergens 2 days after application. There is no evidence for superiority of any of these protocols. We reviewed the records of all patients who underwent photopatch testing in Leeds over a 50-month period, who had had the allergens applied in triplicate with 1 set irradiated after 1 day occlusion and another after 2 days. The control was occluded for 2 days. Readings were performed at 2 days and 4 days. 15 of 74 patients photopatch tested during this period had 49 positive results between them. 43 of these were felt to be of current relevance to their clinical problem. 34 of the positive results were indicative of photoallergy. Additional photoallergic reactions were detected following 2 days occlusion and irradiation compared with 1 day occlusion (16 versus 5). In conclusion, our case series suggests that 2 days occlusion before irradiation of allergens is more sensitive at detecting photoallergy.

关键词：光斑贴试验光照性皮肤病取数据光过敏反应致敏原天对利兹

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