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快速致冷红外探测器

应用光学 1988年第2期 32-36页

作者： J.D.clarke W.A.E Dunn D.Gowlett 张云熙

热成象系统采用致冷的红外探测器已被确定无疑。一般来说,热成象系统在接通致冷器后,30秒钟就进入工作状态。然而新型的热寻的导弹和激光制导导弹必须在仅仅几秒钟或更短的时间内就进入工作状态。每种用途可以要求红外探测器不同的工作... 详细信息

热成象系统采用致冷的红外探测器已被确定无疑。一般来说,热成象系统在接通致冷器后,30秒钟就进入工作状态。然而新型的热寻的导弹和激光制导导弹必须在仅仅几秒钟或更短的时间内就进入工作状态。每种用途可以要求红外探测器不同的工作温度。有些型号需要焦尔-汤姆逊(J-t)式致冷,而另一些型号可以在热电温度下工作。本文介绍快速致冷红外探测器的设计根据。列举采用焦尔-汤姆逊(J-t)致冷器的一些设计实例,并给出了J-t致冷器的性能和一种采用二级热电致冷器的探测器的情况。

关键词：致冷热成象系统汤姆逊焦尔制冷红外探测器 IR 探测器实验设备致冷器

学龄前儿童弱视治疗时情绪的改变:随机对照试验

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（眼科学分册） 2005年第1期1卷 55-56页

作者：侯慧媛 Hrisos S clarke M.P Wright C.M Department of Ophthalmolog y University of Newcastle Upon Tyne Newcastle upon Tyne Unit-ed King dom

Purpose to investigate the emotional status of children un-dergoing active treatment for ambly *** Postal survey,in the context of a prospecti ve,multicenter,ran-domized controlled *** ants Parents of 177chil-dren with a unilateral visual impair ment referred from preschool vision *** chi ldren had been re-cruited to a randomized controlled t rial of treatment for u-nilateral visual impairment and ran domly assigned to re-ceive either glasses with or without patches,glasses alone,or treatment deferred for *** A self-completion questionnaire,including a psychom etric behavioral scale,was sent to the parents of all childre n recruited to the trial at age 4years,to 66whose deferred tr eatment began at age5years,and finally to 151remaining in the trial at the end of *** outcome measures Mean scores per treatment group on the Revised Rutte r Parent Scale for Preschool *** of p arent responses to questions assessing the child’s general well-being and dif-ficulties associated with treatmen *** Completed questionnaires were returned for 144of 177(81%)chil-dren at a mean age(standard deviation)of 48months(5.0),for 45of 66(68%)at a mean age of 61months(5.8),and for 78of 151(52%)at a mean age of 67 months(5.0).Most parents reported having diffi culty with patching their child regardless of a ge(77%at age 4years and 73%at age 5years),with fewer reporting difficulties with glasses alone(42%and 53%,respectively).Chil-dren were significantly more upset b y patching than by glasses only(chi-square test,P=0.03for age 4years and P=0.01for age 5years),as were the parents of4-year-olds(chi-square test,P=0.01).Most parents thought their children were happy,c ooperative,and good tempered,and behavioral scores did not differ between treatment *** treatment for unilateral vi-sual impairment is not easy to implem ent and is commonly associated with some degree of distr *** this,no impact on the ch

关键词：弱视治疗随机对照试验视力减退单眼视力视力筛查精神行为总体健康状况行为评分平均分值一般健康状况

A mixed method analysis of the Botswana schistosomiasis control policy and plans using the policy triangle framework

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Global Health Research and Policy 2023年第1期8卷 147-159页

作者： Kebabonye P.Gabaake Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno III Olekae t.thakadu Nthabiseng A.Phaladze Department of Medical Sciences School of Allied Health ProfessionsUniversity of BotswanaGaboroneBotswana Department of Global Health and Development London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK Faculty of Management and Development Studies University of the Philippines Open UniversityLos BanosLagunaPhilippines Okavango Research Institute University of BotswanaMaunBotswana School of Nursing University of BotswanaGaboroneBotswana

Background the present goal of the World Health Organization(WHO)2021-2030 roadmap for Neglected tropical Diseases is to eliminate schistosomiasis as a public health problem,and reduce its prevalence of heavy infections to less than 1%.Given the evolution and impact of schistosomiasis in the Ngamiland district of Botswana,the aim of this study was to analyze the control policies for the district using the Policy triangle *** the study used a mixed method approaches of an analysis of policy documents and interviews with 12 informants who were purposively *** the informants were recruited from all levels of the NtD sector,the analysis of the program was predominantly from the Ngamiland *** were analyzed using Braun and clarke’s approach to content *** the study highlights the presence of clear,objectives and targets for the Ngamiland control *** theme was the success in morbidity control,which was realized primarily through cycles of MDA in *** contextual background for the policy was high morbidity and lack of programming *** implementation process of the policy was centralized at the Ministry of Health(MOH)and WHO,and there was minimal involvement of the communities and other *** policy implementation process was impeded by a lack of domestic resources and lack of comprehensive policy content on snail control and no expansion of the policy content beyond *** actors were predominately MOH headquarters and WHO,with little representation of the district,local level settings,NGOs,and private *** the lack of resources and content in the control of environmental determinants and exclusion of other at-risk groups in the policy,impeded sustained elimination of the *** is a need to guide the treatment of preschool-aged children and develop national guidelines on treating foci of intense ***,the dynamic of the environmental transmissions and

关键词： Schistosomiasis Control policy Ngamiland Botswana and health policy triangle

阿仑膦酸钠可改善原发性胆汁性肝硬化患者的骨密度:一项随机、安慰剂对照研究

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（胃肠病学分册） 2006年第4期2卷 44-45页

作者： Zein C.O Jorgensen R.A clarke B. K.D. Lindor 陈瑜 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic and Foundation 200 1st Street SW Rochester MN 55905 United StatesDr.

Bone loss is a well-recognized complication of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Although it has been suggested that alendronate might improve bone mineral density (BMD) in PBC, no randomized placebo-controlled trial has been conducted. the primary aim of this study was to compare the effects of alendronate versus p lacebo on BMD and biochemical measurements of bone turnover in patients with PBC -associated bone loss. We conducted a double- blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Patients with a PBC and BMD t score of less than -1.5 were randomized to receive 70 mg per week of alendronat e or placebo over 1 year. BMD of the lumbar spine and proximal femur were measur ed at entry and at 1 year. Changes from baseline in BMD and biochemical measurem ents of bone turnover were assessed. thirty-four patients were enrolled. Sevent een patients were randomized to each arm. After 1 year, a significantly larger i mprovement (P = .005) in spine BMD was observed in the alendronate group (0.09 ±0.03 g/cm2 SD from baseline) comparedwith the placebo group (-0.003±0.02 g/c m2 SD from baseline). A larger improvement (P = .046)was also observed in the fe moral BMD of alendronate patients versus placebo. BMD changes were independent o f concomitant estrogen therapy. the rate of adverse effects was similar in both groups. In conclusion, in patients with PBC-related bone loss, alendronate sign ificantly improves BMD compared with placebo. Although in this study oral alendr onate appears to be well tolerated in patients with PBC, larger studies are need ed to formally evaluate safety.

关键词：阿仑膦酸钠骨密度安慰剂对照骨丢失雌激素治疗股骨近端副作用发生率随机研究双盲研究持续

连续夺获阈值监测与自动调节起搏器刺激输出——MICRONY SR+起搏器多中心研究

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中华心律失常学杂志 1997年第2期1卷 94-100页

作者： Malcolm clarke Bo Liu Hans Schller Ludwig Binner Charles Kennergren Modesto Guerola Peter Weinmann Ole Jorgen Ohm 英国 StOKE-ON-tREND 城市总医院心内科瑞典 LUND 大学医院心外科德国 ULM 大学医院心内科瑞典 SAHLGRENSKA 大学医院心外科西班牙 MARCAPASOS 医疗中心德国 PACESEttER 临床医学部挪威 HAUKLAND 大学医院内科

目的:本研究评价具有心室自动夺获功能的 Microny 起搏器的安全性及功效。方法:自1994年11月至1996年9月欧洲国家的16个医学中心,共有113例植入 Microny 起搏器的患者进入了研究。所有植入的起搏器采用了 Pacesetter 的低极化、双极电... 详细信息

目的:本研究评价具有心室自动夺获功能的 Microny 起搏器的安全性及功效。方法:自1994年11月至1996年9月欧洲国家的16个医学中心,共有113例植入 Microny 起搏器的患者进入了研究。所有植入的起搏器采用了 Pacesetter 的低极化、双极电极导线(Membrane 1402 t)。患者在出院时及出院后1、3、6、12个月分别进行随访。结果:在植入后1个月的随访中,动态心电图显示所有未夺获的心搏均有后备起搏脉冲(4.5 V/0.49 ms)出现。植入时测试自身 R 波高度为14.7±7.4 mV,刺激除极波高度(ER)为10.2±4.8 mV。这些数值随时间推移保持稳定,但二者无相关性(r=0.29),植入时,由VARIO 功能测试的起搏阈值为0.5±0.2 V,由自动夺获功能测试的阈值为0.6±0.3 V。两种方法测试的起搏阈值在各次随访中相关性较好(r=0.79),平均差异为0.11 V。后备起搏脉冲占起搏刺激的1.1%。发放后备起搏脉冲的原因为未能夺获(7.1%);(伪)融合波(87.0%);ER 感知低下(0.5%)和QRS 感知低下(4.1%)。在自动夺获功能打开时,起搏电流总消耗为1.4 A。结论:本研究证明了自动夺获功能根据当时的起搏阈值安全和可靠地调节起搏器的输出,为患者提供最大的安全性并延长起搏器的使用寿命。

关键词：起搏器自动夺获功能起搏阈值植入患者刺激多中心研究 ER 监测相关性

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应用生物技术向小麦导入黄矮病抗性的研究

中国科学（B辑） 1991年第1期 36-42页

作者：辛志勇徐惠君陈孝林志珊周广和钱幼亭成卓敏 P.J.Larkin P.Banks R.Appels B.clarke R.I.S.Brettell 中国农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所北京100081 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所北京100094 澳大利亚联邦科工组织种植业研究所

小麦黄矮病是我国小麦的主要病害之一,迄今在普通小麦中还未发现抗性材料.经酶联免疫吸附分析,发现在小麦族中有13个种具不同程度抗性.中间偃麦草、小麦-中间偃麦草的八倍体衍生物无芒中4和tAF46及由tAF46育成的小麦附加系L_1均高抗黄矮... 详细信息

小麦黄矮病是我国小麦的主要病害之一,迄今在普通小麦中还未发现抗性材料.经酶联免疫吸附分析,发现在小麦族中有13个种具不同程度抗性.中间偃麦草、小麦-中间偃麦草的八倍体衍生物无芒中4和tAF46及由tAF46育成的小麦附加系L_1均高抗黄矮病.以L_1为抗源,采用CSph突变体和组织培养诱导分别育成了抗病的易位系119880和119899.资料表明其抗性由一个显性基因所控制.筛选出pEleAcc3和pPJN8(E_1-t_1)两个互补DNA分子探针,可探测出在普通小麦遗传背景中的中间偃麦草DNA,在Southern杂交中,中间偃麦草及其衍生物的DNA清晰显示出小麦DNA所缺乏的一条特异带,通过比较其相对深浅程度可判断易位系所获的外源染色体片断的大小,作为黄矮病抗性的选择标志.

关键词：小麦黄矮病中间偃麦草抗性 DNA

教学调查科技(tPI)的应用及对我国教师教育的启示

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教育科学 2018年第5期34卷 65-71页

作者：王芳王敬 [加]安东尼·克拉克 [加]约翰·柯林斯东北师范大学教育学部吉林长春130024 英属哥伦比亚大学教育学院加拿大温哥华V6T1Z4

目前我国教师教育正通过教师培养与培训一体化以增强师范生及在职教师的实践经验和能力。教师的实践经验和教学取向既能为在职教师的专业发展提供适时的提示,也可为职前教师培养的课程和教学设计提供宝贵的参考。tPI(teaching Perspecti... 详细信息

目前我国教师教育正通过教师培养与培训一体化以增强师范生及在职教师的实践经验和能力。教师的实践经验和教学取向既能为在职教师的专业发展提供适时的提示,也可为职前教师培养的课程和教学设计提供宝贵的参考。tPI(teaching Perspective Inventory)是一份网上调查教师教学取向的问卷,近年来被广泛运用于国外教师教育和教师研究项目中。本文旨在介绍tPI问卷的由来和构成,通过对中国121位中小学教师的问卷结果分析,展示tPI的特征、用途以及对我国高等师范院校教师教育的启示。

关键词：教师教育教学取向教师教学取向问卷(tPI)

Serotonin type 3 receptor subunit gene polymorphisms associated with psychosomatic symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome:A multicenter retrospective study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第21期28卷 2334-2349页

作者： Sabrina Berens Yuanjun Dong Nikola Fritz Jutta Walstab Mauro D'Amato tenghao Zheng Verena Wahl Felix Boekstegers Justo Lorenzo Bermejo Cristina Martinez Stefanie Schmitteckert Egbert Clevers Felicitas Engel Annika Gauss Wolfgang Herzog Robin Spiller Miriam Goebel-Stengel Hubert Mönnikes Viola Andresen Frieling thomas Jutta Keller Christian Pehl Christoph Stein-thöringer Gerard clarke timothy G Dinan Eamonn M Quigley Gregory Sayuk Magnus Simrén Jonas tesarz Gudrun Rappold Lukas van Oudenhove Rainer Schaefert Beate Niesler Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelberg 69120Germany Department of Human Molecular Genetics Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelberg 69120Germany Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics Internal Medicine IIUniversity Hospital HeidelbergHeidelberg 69120Germany Department of Human Molecular Genetics University of HeidelbergHeidelberg 69120Germany Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab CIC bioGUNE-BRTADerio 48160Spain IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbao 48001Spain Unit of Clinical Epidemiology Department of Medicine SolnaKarolinska InstitutetStockholm 17177Sweden Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics Heidelberg UniversityHeidelberg 69120Germany Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Dr.PifarréFoundation(IRBLleida) Av.Alcalde Rovira RoureLleida 25198Spain Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal DisordersKU LeuvenLeuven 3000Belgium Department of Gastroenterology Infectious Diseases and IntoxicationsUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelberg 69120Germany Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics Heidelberg UniversityHeidelberg 69120Germany Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre University of NottinghamNottingham NG72QLUnited Kingdom Helios Klinikum Rottweil Rottweil 78628Germany Department of Medicine Institute of Neurogastroenterology(H.M.)Martin-Luther-HospitalBelin 14193Germany Israelitisches Krankenhaus in Hamburg Hamburg 22297Germany Internal Medicine II Helios Klinikum KrefeldKrefeld 47805Germany Israelitisches Krankenhaus Hamburg Hamburg 22297Ghana Krankenhaus Vilsbiburg Vilsbiburg 84137Germany Division of Microbiome and Cancer German Cancer Research Center(DKFZ)Heidelberg 69120Germany Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science University College CorkCork T23Ireland Medicine in Digestive Disorders Department of MedicineLynda K.and David M.Underwood Center for Digestive DisordersHou

BACKGROUND Single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)of the serotonin type 3 receptor subunit(HtR3)genes have been associated with psychosomatic symptoms,but it is not clear whether these associations exist in irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).AIM to assess the association of HtR3 polymorphisms with depressive,anxiety,and somatization symptoms in individuals with *** In this retrospective study,623 participants with IBS were recruited from five specialty centers in Germany,Sweden,the United States,the United Kingdom,and ***,anxiety,and somatization symptoms and sociodemographic characteristics were *** functional SNPs—HtR3A c.-42C>t,HtR3B c.386A>C,HtR3C c.489C>A,and HtR3E c.*76G>A—were genotyped and analyzed using the dominant and recessive *** also performed separate analyses for sex and IBS *** scores were calculated as the number of minor alleles of the SNPs *** impact of HtR3C c.489C>A was tested by radioligand-binding and calcium influx *** Depressive and anxiety symptoms significantly worsened with increasing numbers of minor HtR3C c.489C>A alleles in the dominant model(F_(depressive)=7.475,P_(depressive)=0.006;F_(anxiety)=6.535,P_(anxiety)=0.011).A higher SNP score(range 0-6)was linked to a worsened depressive symptoms score(F=7.710,P-linear trend=0.006)in *** potential relevance of the HtR3C SNP was corroborated,showing changes in the expression level of 5-Ht3AC variant *** We have provided the first evidence that HtR3C c.489C>A is involved in depressive and anxiety symptoms in individuals with *** SNP score indicated that an increasing number of minor alleles is linked to the worsening of depressive symptoms in IBS.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome 5-Ht3 receptor subunit gene polymorphisms Single-nucleotide polymorphism score Depression Anxiety Somatization

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学龄前儿童的单侧视力损害及神经发育特征

世界核心医学期刊文摘(眼科学分册) 2006年第12期 28-28页

作者： Hrisos S. clarke M.P. Kelly t. 邢咏新 Centre for Health Services Research University of Newcastle upon Tyne 21 Claremont Place United Kingdom

Background: Unilateral visual impairment (UVI) as a result of amblyopia or refractive error is common in childhood, but its functional significance remains largely unexplored. Aim: to investigate the influence of visual acuity and stereoacuity on the performance of preschool children on tasks requiring visuomotor skills and visuospatial ability. Methods: Children with normal (6/6) visual acuity (VA) in both eyes and children with UVI ranging from 6/9 to 6/60, with no strabismus and normal vision in the fellow eye, were assessed on a neurodevelopmental test battery of visually guided tasks. Results: 50 children (mean age (SD): 52.4 (5.7) months; median (range) VA: 6/9 (6/6 to 6/60); median (range) stereoacuity: 70 seconds arc (40-absent)) completed the test battery. UVI and stereoacuity correlated moderately (Pearson's r=0.537, pt seven of 28 children with impaired VA had normal stereoacuity (th normal VA had abnormal stereoacuity. Stereoacuity correlated with performance on a task requiring fine hand-eye coordination and a task measuring visuomotor integration. UVI did not correlate with performance on any test battery items. Conclusions: UVI itself does not appear to relate to visuomotor actions, except when associated with reduced stereoacuity. Stereoacuity appears to have an influential role in fine visuomotor actions and spatial representation in preschool children.

关键词：视力损害神经发育学龄前儿童单侧