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Changing paradigm of cancer therapy：precision medicine by next-generation sequencing

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2016年第1期13卷 12-18页

作者： Yuan Xue william R.Wilcox Fulgent Diagnostics Temple City CA 91780 USA Department of Human Genetics Emory University Atlanta GA 30322USA

Precision medicine aims to identify the right drug, for the right patient, at the right dose, at the right time, which is particularly important in cancer therapy. Problems such as the variability of treatment response and resistance to medication have been longstanding challenges in oncology, especially for development of new medications. Solid tumors, unlike hematologic malignancies or brain tumors, are remarkably diverse in their cellular origins and developmental timing. The ability of next-generation sequencing(NGS) to analyze the comprehensive landscape of genetic alterations brings promises to diseases that have a highly complex and heterogeneous genetic composition such as cancer. Here we provide an overview of how NGS is able to facilitate precision medicine and change the paradigm of cancer therapy, especially for solid tumors, through technical advancements, molecular diagnosis, response monitoring and clinical trials.

关键词： Precision medicine cancer therapy next-generation sequencing solid tumor

A Note on Quadratically Parametrized Surfaces

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Algebra Colloquium 2014年第3期21卷 461-476页

作者： J. william Hoffman Haohao Wang Department of Mathematics Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA Department of Mathematics Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau MO 63701 USA

Let f0, f1, f2, f3 be linearly independent homogeneous quadratic forms in the standard Z-graded ring R ：= K[s, t, u], and gcd（f0, f1, f2, f3） = 1. This defines a rational map Ф ： P2 → P3. The Rees algebra Rees（I） = R I I2 … of the ideal I = （f0, fl, f2, fs） is the graded R-algebra which can be described as the image of an R-algebra homomorphism h ： R[x, y, z, w] → Rees（I）. This paper discusses the free resolutions of I, and the structure of ker（h）.

关键词： Rees algebra syzygy local cohomology implicit equations

Soft drinks consumption and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第21期16卷 2579-2588页

作者： william Nseir Fares Nassar Nimer Assy Department of Internal Medicine Holy Family Hospital Nazareth16126Israel Department of Internal Medicine Western Galilee Hospital Nahariya22356Israel Liver Unit Ziv Medical CenterSafed13100Israel Technion Institute Haifa32000Israel

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is a common clinical condition which is associated with metabolic syndrome in 70% of *** dietary fat intake,excessive intake of soft drinks,insulin resistance and increased oxidative stress combine to increase free fatty acid delivery to the liver,and increased hepatic triglyceride accumulation contributes to fatty *** soft drinks have high fructose corn syrup which contains basic sugar building blocks,fructose 55% and glucose 45%.Soft drinks are the leading source of added sugar worldwide,and have been linked to obesity,diabetes,and metabolic *** consumption of soft drinks can increase the prevalence of NAFLD independently of metabolic *** regular soft drinks consumption,fat accumulates in the liver by the primary effect of fructose which increases lipogenesis,and in the case of diet soft drinks,by the additional contribution of aspartame sweetener and caramel colorant which are rich in advanced glycation end products that potentially increase insulin resistance and *** review emphasizes some hard facts about soft drinks,reviews fructose metabolism,and explains how fructose contributes to the development of obesity,diabetes,metabolic syndrome,and NAFLD.

关键词： Aspartame Caramel Carbonated beverage Cola Diabetes Fatty liver Fructose Metabolic syndrome Obesity Soda Soft drink Sweetened beverage

Mechanical proper ties of lateral transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures

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Frontiers of physics 2021年第1期16卷 23-29页

作者： Sadegh Imani Yengejeh william Wen Yun Wang Centre for Clean Environment and Energy School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityGold Coast CampusSouthport 4222Australia

Transition metal dichalcogenide(TMD)monolayers attract great attention due to their specific structural,electronic and mechanical *** formation of their lateral heterostructures allows a new degree of flexibility in engineering electronic and optoelectronic ***,the mechanical properties of the lateral heterostructures are rarely *** this study,a comparative investigation on the mechanical characteristics of 1H,IT'and 1H/1T'heterostructure phases of different TMD monolayers including molybdenum disulfide(M0S_(2))molybdenum diselenide(MoSe_(2)),Tungsten disulfide(WS_(2)),and Tungsten diselenide(WSe_(2))was conducted by means of density functional theory(DFT)*** results indicate that the impact of the lateral heterostructures has a relatively weak mechanical strength for all the TMD *** significant correlation bet ween the mechanical properties of the TMD monolayers and their structural phases can be used to tune their stiffness of the *** findings,therefore,suggest a novel strategy to manipulate the mechanical characteristics of TMDs by engineering their structural phases for their practical applications.

关键词： transition metal dichalcogenide lateral heterostructures mechanical properties in-plane stiffness tensor density functional theory

Antimicrobial stewardship: Knowledge and Attitudes of Pharmacy Staff on Antibiotic Dispensing Patterns, Use and Resistance in Benin

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2023年第6期14卷 189-214页

作者： Aurel Constant Allabi Areine Gracidie Agbo Bawa Boya steward Mudenda Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Abomey-Calavi and Teaching Hospital of Abomey-Calavi/S&#244-Ava Abomey-Calavi Benin Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Department of Pharmacy School of Health Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia

Background: One of the key drivers for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is non-prudent antibiotic use, which results in selection pressure toward relevant bacteria. Pharmacy staffs have pivotal roles in facilitating the prudent use of antibiotics through antimicrobial stewardship programs. Due to limited information in Benin, this study assessed the knowledge and attitudes of pharmacy staffs on antibiotic use and resistance. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 159 pharmacy staffs using a structured questionnaire from August 2018 to December 2018 in Benin. Data analysis was done by using Stata version 13.0. Results: Of the 159 participants, 54.8% knew the definition of antibiotic therapy and 66.9% knew the definition of probabilistic antibiotic therapy. The majority (88.1%) of the participants thought that the choice of antibiotics was made according to the pathology, while 60.4% thought that it depended on the pathology and the germ involved. 49.02% of dispensers in pharmacies stated that half of the patients had requested treatment without providing a prescription at the pharmacy. The top three antibiotics that were dispensed without a prescription include amoxicillin (98.1%), cloxacillin (76.7%) and metronidazole (57.2%), all from the Access group of antibiotics. Conclusion: These results underscore the need for educational and training interventions targeting specific professional groups. There is an urgent need for regulatory measures and public awareness through improved antimicrobial stewardship to limit this practice.

关键词： Antibiotic Resistance Antimicrobial Resistance Antimicrobial stewardship Attitudes Benin Knowledge Perceptions Pharmacists West Africa

Mercury transportation in soil via using gypsum from flue gas desulfurization unit in coal-fired power plant

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第9期25卷 1858-1864页

作者： Kelin Wang william Orndorff Yan Cao Weiping Pan Institute for Combustion Science and Environmental Technology Western Kentucky University

The mercury flux in soils was investigated, which were amended by gypsums from flue gas desulphurization （FGD） units of coal- fired power plants. Studies have been carried out in confined greenhouses using FGD gypsum treated soils. Major research focus is uptakes of mercury by plants, and emission of mercury into the atmosphere under varying application rates of FGD gypsum, simulating rainfall irrigations, soils, and plants types. Higher FGD gypsum application rates generally led to higher mercury concentrations in the soils, the increased mercury emissions into the atmosphere, and the increased mercury contents in plants （especially in roots and leaves）. Soil properties and plant species can play important roles in mercury transports. Some plants, such as tall fescue, were able to prevent mercury from atmospheric emission and infiltration in the soil. Mercury concentration in the stem of plants was found to be increased and then leveled off upon increasing FGD gypsum application. However, mercury in roots and leaves was generally increased upon increasing FGD gypsum application rates. Some mercury was likely absorbed by leaves of plants from emitted mercury in the atmosphere.

关键词： flue gas desulphurization gypsums soils mercury emissions mercury uptakes mercury infiltration greenhouse tests

Oil spill detection on the ocean surface using hybrid polarimetric SAR imagery

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第2期59卷 249-257页

作者： LI HaiYan PERRIE william ZHOU YuanZe HE YiJun Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Fisheries and Oceans Canada Bedford Institute of Oceanography School of Marine Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology

Hybrid-polarimetric SAR(synthetic aperture radar) is a new SAR mode, with relatively simple architecture, low cost, and wide swath, which will be carried by several Earth-observing systems from now to the near future. Here, we show how the second Stokes parameter of hybrid-polarimetric SAR can be employed to detect oil on the ocean surface using the classic well-known Otsu threshold methodology, in relation to contributions from different polarizations and dampening effects on backscatter intensity, neglecting the specific scattering mechanisms and oil types for an oil-covered surface. The detection methodology is demonstrated to be reliable in three example cases: oil-on-water experiments conducted by the Norwegian Clean Seas Association, natural oil seeps from the Gulf of Mexico, and observations from the Deep Water Horizon oil spill disaster in 2010.

关键词： Oil spill detection Hybrid polarization Compact polarimetric SAR Stokes parameters Otsu threshold

Whole-mine subsidence over tabular deposits and related seismicity

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第1期27卷 171-177页

作者： Pariseau william G. McCarterr Michael K. Department of Mining Engineering University of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA

The challenge of estimating mine-wide subsidence and linkages to seismicity over tabular deposits is addressed by a special finite element technique(dual node–dual mesh). Subsidence and mine-induced seismicity begins near the face when caving occurs and propagates to the surface as extraction reaches a critical extent. Thus, the challenge is to obtain details at the face at the meter scale and also at the surface over the whole mine at the kilometer scale. Interactions between old and new sections of a mine are automatically taken into account with this technique. The finite element method is well established technology based on fundamentals of physical laws, kinematics and material laws. With this technique, no empirical ‘‘scaling" or fitting computer output by input data ‘‘adjustment" to mine measurements is necessary. Capability is demonstrated for doing practical whole-mine subsidence analysis from first principles. Mine-induced seismicity is shown to correlate well with face advance and element failure.

关键词： Whole mine subsidence Multi-scale Finite element analysis Mine induced seismicity

Numerical study of electromagnetic scattering from one-dimensional nonlinear fractal sea surface

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Chinese Physics B 2010年第2期19卷 234-239页

作者：谢涛何超 william Perrie 旷海兰邹光辉陈伟 School of Information Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Bedford Institute of Oceanography B2Y 4A2DartmouthNSCanada

In recent years, linear fractal sea surface models have been developed for the sea surface in order to establish an electromagnetic backscattering model. Unfortunately, the sea surface is always nonlinear, particularly at high sea states. We present a nonlinear fractal sea surface model and derive an electromagnetic backscattering model. Using this model, we numerically calculate the normalized radar cross section （NRCS） of a nonlinear sea surface. Comparing the averaged NRCS between linear and nonlinear fractal models, we show that the NRCS of a linear fractal sea surface underestimates the NRCS of the real sea surface, especially for sea states with high fractal dimensions, and for dominant ocean surface gravity waves that are either very short or extremely long.

关键词： fractals nonlinearities sea surface electromagnetic scattering