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Oxidative stress in humans following the Pringle manoeuvre

Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2006年第2期5卷 210-214页

作者： Giuseppe Garcea Andreas Gescher william steward Ashley Dennison David Berry University Department of Oncology 5th Floor The Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building The Leicester Royal Infirmary Leicester LE2 7LX UK

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress is induced in the liver by application of the Pringle manoeuvre. Malondialdehyde is a carbonyl compound formed during lipid peroxidation and prostaglandin biosynthesis, which combines with DNA to form a number of adducts. Among them is the DNA ad-duct; 3-(2-deoxybeta-dierythropentafuranosyl) pyr [1,2-alpha]-purin-10(3H) one or M1G. This study was undertaken to determine the suitability of M1G as a novel marker of ischemia-reperfusion injury in the liver and its correlation with both the length of Pringle clamp application and the overall length of the operation. METHODS: Normal and colorectal liver metastatic tissues were obtained in 12 patients before and after application of the Pringle manoeuvre. All samples were snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen at -80 ℃. DNA was extracted and M1G quantification was performed by immunoslotblot analysis. RESULTS: M1G levels in normal liver tissue were 4.0 + 1.0 per 107 nucleotides before the Pringle manoeuvre and 7.4 ± 1.0 per 10 nucleotides after the Pringle manoeuvre (mean ± standard deviation) (P<0.05 by ANOVA). M1G levels in malignant liver tissue were 2.5 ±1.4 per 107 nucleotides before the Pringle manoeuvre and 6. 5 ±1.9 adducts per 10 nucleotides after the Pringle manoeuvre (P <0. 05). Ad-duct levels in normal liver tissue showed a significant correlation with cumulative period of Pringle application. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first time that the tissue levels of M1G before and after application of the Pringle manoeuvre have been studied. The results show that the Pringle manoeuvre exerts significant oxidative stress in human hepa-tocytes, which is Pringle-time dependent. The results highlight the potential for oxidative DNA adducts levels as a tool for measuring the severity of ischemia-reperfusion injury.

关键词： Pringle liver oxidative stress M1G

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Neuroprotection by resveratrol-glucuronide and quercetin-glucuronide via binding to polyphenol-and glycosaminoglycan-binding sites in the laminin receptor

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 819-820页

作者： Rayudu Gopalakrishna Jennifer Aguilar Emily Lee william J.Mack Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Neurological Surgery Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA

The dietary polyphenolic compounds resveratrol and quercetin prevent neurodegenerative diseases in experimental models;however, they reach the brain only in nanomolar concentrations in the glucuronidated and sulfated ... 详细信息

关键词： resveratrol molar dated

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Selective neuronal PTEN deletion：can we take the brakes off of growth without losing control？

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第8期11卷 1201-1203页

作者： Erin A.Gutilla Oswald steward Reeve-Irvine Research Center University of California Irvine School of Medicine Irvine CA USA Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology University of California Irvine School of Medicine Irvine CA USA Department of Neurobiology & Behavior University of California Irvine School of Medicine Irvine CA USA : Department of Neurosurgery University of California Irvine School of Medicine Irvine CA USA Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory University of California Irvine School of Medicine Irvine CA USA

The limited ability for injured adult axons to regenerate is a major cause for limited functional recovery after injury to the nervous system,motivating numerous efforts to uncover mechanisms capable of enhancing regeneration *** promising strategy involves deletion or knockdown of the phosphatase and tensin（PTEN） *** genetic deletion of PTEN before,immediately following,or several months after spinal cord injury enables neurons of the corticospinal tract（CST） to regenerate their axons across the lesion,which is accompanied by enhanced recovery of skilled voluntary motor functions mediated by the *** conditional genetic deletion or knockdown of PTEN in neurons enables axon regeneration,PTEN is a well-known tumor suppressor and mutations of the PTEN gene disrupt brain development leading to neurological abnormalities including macrocephaly,seizures,and early *** long-term consequences of manipulating PTEN in the adult nervous system,as would be done for therapeutic intervention after injury,are only now being ***,we summarize evidence indicating that long-term deletion of PTEN in mature neurons does not cause evident pathology; indeed,cortical neurons that have lived without PTEN for over 1 year appear robust and *** to date provide only a first look at potential negative consequences of PTEN deletion or knockdown,but the absence of any detectable neuropathology supports guarded optimism that interventions to enable axon regeneration after injury are achievable.

关键词： PTEN roTOR spinal cord injury corticospinal tract motor system axon regeneration recovery of function

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Emerging role of A-kinase anchoring protein 5 signaling in reward circuit function

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2913-2914页

作者： william J.Flerlage Mark L.Dell’Acqua Brian M.Cox Fereshteh S.Nugent Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsBethesdaMDUSA Department of Pharmacology University of Colorado School of MedicineAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA

There is a strong evidence supporting the hypothesis of synaptic dysfunction as a major contributor to neural circuit and network disruption underlying emotional and mood dysregulation in psychiatric disorders(Simmons et al.,2024).Diverse sets of distinct molecular signaling pathways converge on the synapse to regulate synaptogenesis,synaptic function,and synaptic plasticity in brain regions and circuits through complex interactions organized by numerous multivalent protein scaffolds,including the family of proteins known as A-kinase anchoring proteins(AKAPs).

关键词： function supporting

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Global urbanization as a shifting context for applying ecological science toward the sustainable city

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2015年第1期1卷 44-59页

作者： steward T.A.Pickett Weiqi Zhou Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Box ABMillbrookNew York 12545 USA State Key Laboratory for Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085 China

There is an abundance of conceptual frameworks relevant to sustainability in urban ***,to advance urban ecological science and its application to sustainable urban transformations,key existing frameworks must be *** paper is a conceptual synthesis cast in essay form in order to encompass a broad range of relevant *** starts from the premise that the familiar models of metropolitan and megalopolitan urban structure,of industrially driven urban development,and of the contrasts between urban and non-urban lands are manifestly inadequate representations of evolving global *** inadequacy is illustrated with examples from the United States and from *** the form and the interactions involved in contemporary urbanization and urban change suggest the need for a new integrated framework synthesizing two existing yet still evolving concepts:(1)The urban megaregion framework accommodates the spatial extent,interdigitation of contrasting land uses,and the linked spatial relations between nominally urban and nominally rural areas.(2)The new concept of the continuum of urbanity emphasizes the shifts in livelihood and lifestyle driven by regional and global teleconnections and their joint effects on local environments and *** these frameworks suggest a common conceptual structure for addressing urban areas of different ages,sizes,forms,and dynamics in both urbanizing and urbanized areas in developing and developed countries and *** synthesis of frameworks points to empirical research needs,and has the potential to better match sustainability plans and actions with the diverse urban forms and dynamics now appearing around the world.

关键词： development globalization megaregion sustainable city urban ecology urban theory urbanization

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Beyond city expansion:multi-scale environmental impacts of urban megaregion formation in China

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National Science Review 2022年第1期9卷 79-91页

作者： Weiqi Zhou Wenjuan Yu Yuguo Qian Lijian Han steward T.A.Pickett Jing Wang Weifeng Li Zhiyun Ouyang State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Beijing Urban Ecosystem Research Station Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences

Environmental degradation caused by rapid urbanization is a pressing global ***,little is known about how urban changes operate and affect environments across multiple *** on China,we found urbanization was indeed massive from 2000 to 2015,but it was also very uneven,exhibiting high internal city *** areas in China as a whole became less green,warmer,and had exacerbated PM2.5 ***,environmental impacts differed in newly developed versus older areas of *** impacts were prominent in newly urbanized areas,while old urban areas generally showed improved environmental *** addition,regional environmental issues are emerging as cities expand,connect and interact to form urban *** turn urbanization into an opportunity for,rather than an obstacle to,sustainable development,we must move beyond documenting urban expansion to understand the environmental consequences of both internal city dynamics and the formation of urban megaregions.

关键词： urbanization urban and regional sustainability landscape change air pollution urban heat island

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Global Burden of Fungal Infections and Antifungal Resistance from 1961 to 2024: Findings and Future Implications

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2024年第4期15卷 81-112页

作者： steward Mudenda Department of Pharmacy School of Health Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia

Background: Antifungal resistance (AFR) is a global public health problem with devastating effects, especially among immunocompromised individuals. Addressing AFR requires a One Health approach including Antifungal stewardship (AFS). This study aimed to comprehensively review global studies published on fungal infections and AFR and to recommend solutions to address this growing problem. Materials and Methods: This was a narrative review that was conducted using published papers on fungal infections, AFR, and AFS between January 1961 and March 2024. The literature was searched using PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Results: This found that there has been an increase in fungal infections globally, especially among immunocompromised patients. Due to this increase in fungal infections, there has been a proportionate increase in the use of antifungal agents to prevent and treat fungal infections. This increased use of antifungal agents has worsened the problem of AFR contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. Globally, fungal infections have contributed to 150 million infections annually and 1.7 million deaths per year. By the year 2023, over 3.8 million people died from fungal infections. Addressing AFR remains a challenge because the treatment of antifungal-resistant infections is difficult. Finally, the treatment of fungal infections is a global challenge exacerbated by the limited number of antifungal agents to treat invasive fungal infections. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that fungal infections and AFR are prevalent across humans, animals, agriculture, and the environment. Addressing this problem requires the provision of solutions such as improving the awareness of AFR, conducting further research on the discovery of new antifungal agents, and implementing AFS programs. If this global problem is not addressed, the morbidity and mortality associated with AFR will continue to rise in the future.

关键词： Antifungal Resistance Antifungal stewardship Antimicrobial Resistance Fungal Infections Global Burden Immunocompromised Mycosis

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Integrating structure and function:mapping the hierarchical spatial heterogeneity of urban landscapes

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 698-708页

作者： Yuguo Qian Weiqi Zhou steward T.A.Pickett Wenjuan Yu Dingpeng Xiong Weimin Wang Chuanbao Jing State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Box ABMillbrookNY 12545USA PowerChina Eco-environment Group Co. LtdShenzhen 518102China Shenzhen Environmental Monitoring Center Shenzhen 518049China

Background:Cities are social-ecological systems characterized by remarkably high spatial and temporal heterogeneity,which are closely related to myriad urban ***,the tools to map and quantify this heterogeneity are *** here developed a new three-level classification scheme,by considering ecosystem types(level 1),urban function zones(level 2),and land cover elements(level 3),to map and quantify the hierarchical spatial heterogeneity of urban ***:We applied the scheme using an object-based approach for classification using very high spatial resolution imagery and a vector layer of building location and *** used a top-down classification procedure by conducting the classification in the order of ecosystem types,function zones,and land cover *** classification of the lower level was based on the results of the higher *** used an objectbased methodology to carry out the three-level ***:We found that the urban ecosystem type accounted for 45.3%of the land within the Shenzhen city administrative *** the urban ecosystem type,residential and industrial zones were the main zones,accounting for 38.4%and 33.8%,*** canopy was the dominant element in Shenzhen city,accounting for 55.6%over all ecosystem types,which includes agricultural and ***,in the urban ecosystem type,the proportion of tree canopy was only 22.6%because most trees were distributed in the forest ecosystem *** proportion of trees was 23.2% in industrial zones,2.2%higher than that in residential *** information“hidden”in the usual statistical summaries scaled to the entire administrative unit of Shenzhen has great potential for improving urban ***:This paper has taken the theoretical understanding of urban spatial heterogeneity and used it to generate a classification scheme that exploits remotely sensed imagery,infrastructural data available at a municipal level,an

关键词： Social-ecological hybridity Object-based classification High-resolution imagery Ecosystem Urban function zones Land cover

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Urbanity mapping reveals the complexity,diffuseness,diversity,and connectivity of urbanized areas

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Geography and Sustainability 2024年第3期5卷 357-369页

作者： Dawa Zhaxi Weiqi Zhou steward T.A.Pickett Chengmeng Guo Yang Yao State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Beijing Urban Ecosystem Research Station Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Megaregion National Observation and Research Station for Eco-Environmental Change Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies MillbrookNY 12545USA

There are urgent calls for new approaches to map the global urban conditions of complexity,diffuseness,diversity,and ***,existing methods mostly focus on mapping urbanized areas as bio physical ***,based on the continuum of urbanity framework,we developed an approach for cross-scale urbanity map-ping from town to city and urban megaregion with different spatial resolutions using the Google Earth *** approach was developed based on multi-source remote sensing data,Points of Interest-Open Street Map(POIs-OSM)big data,and the random forest regression *** approach is scale-independent and revealed significant spatial variations in urbanity,underscoring differences in urbanization patterns across megaregions and between urban and rural *** was observed transcending traditional urban boundaries,diffusing into rural settlements within non-urban *** finding of urbanity in rural communities far from urban areas challenges the gradient theory of urban-rural development and *** mapping livelihoods,lifestyles,and connectivity simultaneously,urbanity maps present a more comprehensive characterization of the complex-ity,diffuseness,diversity,and connectivity of urbanized areas than that by land cover or population density *** helps enhance the understanding of urbanization beyond biophysical *** approach can provide a multifaceted understanding of urbanization,and thereby insights on urban and regional sustainability.

关键词： Continuum of Urbanity Big data Mapping Spatial regression Multiscale

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Evaluation of Deposit Insurance Fund Adequacy Using Credit Risk Model--An Indian Experience

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Chinese Business Review 2017年第5期16卷 211-233页

作者： steward Doss National Insurance Academy Pune India

There are two methods widely used for evaluating the adequacy of Deposit Insurance Fund：（i） Target Reserve Ratio and （ii） Credit Risk Model. Target Reserve Ratio is one of the macro level indicators more often set by Regulatory act on the basis of minimum Deposit Insurance Fund margin safety, Target Reserve Ratio is calculated as the ratio of Deposit Insurance Fund to the value of insured deposits. However, TRR does not take into consideration the level of Deposit Insurance potential liability, the Loss at Given Default （LGD） and the historical trend of default rate prevailing among the insured banks. It does not also consider the present condition of the economy and current scenario of the banking sector. This paper discusses primarily about development of Credit Risk Model for evaluating the Deposit Insurance Fund Adequacy. For this purpose, Econometric Credit Risk Model was developed based on the historical data of bank failures and the associated losses of the last 25 years from 1990-91 to 2014-15. The model assesses various possible factors impacting the Deposit Insurance Fund： Default rate, Deposit growth, Exposures, impact of macro-economic factors like GDP, GDS, Inflation and Interest rate changes, etc. on the Deposit Insurance Fund through econometric modeling. The model evaluates the adequacy of Deposit Insurance Fund under both （i） Normal scenarios where there is no （economic） systemic risk assumed and （ii） Worst case scenario at 1% level of significance using Monte Carlo Simulation. Since the model empirically validates all the critical factors impacting the assets and liabilities associated with Loss at Given Default, the model output can also be used to determine a suitable Target Reserve Ratio and such models are being used in countries like USA, Canada, Hong Kong, and Singapore, etc. （IADI, 2009）. More importantly, the model outputs are quite useful in determining the adequacy of deposit insurance fund which is an effective risk control measure that

关键词： default probability Loss at Given Default Target Reserve Ratio assessable deposits cash reserve ratio capital to risk weighted asset ratio

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