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Cavefish as biological models in the laboratory and in the wild

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Zoological research 2023年第4期44卷 834-836页

作者： william r.jeffery Li Ma Ya-hui Zhao Department of Biology University of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742 USA Cave Fish Development and Evolution research Group Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650223China Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China

Cavefish have advanced to the forefront as excellent models for laboratory studies in developmental and evolutionary *** iconic Mexican characid,Astyanax mexicanus,which consists of a surface-dwelling morph and about 30 interfertile cave-dwelling morphs,has become a major contributor to behavior,sensory biology,trait evolution,and biomedicine(jeffery,2020).There are about 200 scientifically-described cavefish species distributed in karst areas on most continents(Proudlove,2015).Similar to ***,a small subset of other cavefish taxa coupled with related surface-dwelling species are now serving as additional laboratory models to address a variety of important biological problems.A prime example is the cyprinid genus Sinocycloceilus,which contains 75 closely related surface and cave species endemic to the karst massifs of southwestern China(Jiang et al.,2019,2023;Ma et al.,2019).Comparative studies of Chinese and Mexican cavefish can be used to address a host of questions concerning the convergence and divergence of cave related *** the future,other Chinese cavefish species,such as the cave loach,as well as the more recently discovered European cavefishes,are likely to join the current group of excellent laboratory *** special issue of Zoological research presents the results of current research on these diverse cavefish *** addition to recent research using cavefish models in laboratory studies,this issue also covers new research on cavefish in the wild.

关键词： species fish traits

Protection and exploration of the scientific potential of Chinese cavefish

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Zoological research 2023年第4期44卷 675-677页

作者： Li Ma Jun-Xing Yang Fa-Kai Lei Meng-Zhen Xu Ya-Hui Zhao william r.jeffery Cave Fish Development and Evolution research Group Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Fish Breeding Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China China South-to-North Water Diversion Corporation Limited Beijing 100097China Department of Hydraulic Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Biology University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20740USA

The karst habitats of Southwest China contain the richest cavefish fauna in the ***,many Chinese cavefish species are now at high risk of *** cavefish have evolved unusual traits,which are important for studying adaptive evolution and modeling human ***,we call on scientific research institutions to develop programs to conserve precious cavefish species and suggest international cooperation to promote research on cavefish in China.

关键词： fish karst unusual

A spotlight on dosage and subject selection for effective neuroprotection: exploring the central role of mitochondria

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第4期20卷 1081-1082页

作者： John Mitrofanis Jonathan Stone Michael r.Hamblin Pierre Magistretti Alim-Louis Benabid Glen jeffery Fonds Clinatec UniversitéGrenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance School of Medical Science University of SydneySydneyAustralia Faculty of Health Sciences University of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa King Abdullah University of Science and Technology ThuwalSaudi Arabia Institute of Ophthalmology University College LondonLondonUK

Neurons are notoriously vulnerable cell *** the slightest change in their internal and/or external environments will cause much distress and dysfunction,leading often to their death.A range of pathological conditions,including stroke,head trauma,and neurodegenerative disease,can generate stress in neurons,affecting their survival and proper *** most neural pathologies,mitochondria become dysfunctional and this plays a pivotal role in the process of cell *** challenge over the last few decades has been to develop effective interventions that improve neuronal homeostasis under pathological *** interventions,often referred to as disease-modifying or neuroprotective,have,however,proved frustratingly elusive,at both preclinical and,in particular,clinical *** this perspective,we highlight two factors that we feel are key to the development of effective neuroprotective *** are:firstly,the choice of dose of intervention and method of application,and secondly,the selection of subjects,whether they be patients or the animal model.

关键词： protective dosage distress

A computational platform for considering the effects of aerodynamic and seismic load combination for utility scale horizontal axis wind turbines

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2016年第1期15卷 91-102页

作者： Mohammad-Amin Asareh Ian Prowell jeffery Volz william Schonberg Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla Mo 65409 USA DNV GL-renewables San Francisco CA USA School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019 USA

The wide deployment of wind turbines in locations with high seismic hazard has led engineers to take into account a more comprehensive seismic design of such structures. Turbine specific guidelines usually use simplified methods and consider many assumptions to combine seismic demand with the other operational loads effecting the design of these structures. As the turbines increase in size and capacity, the interaction between seismic loads and aerodynamic loads becomes even more important. In response to the need for a computational tool that can perform coupled simulations of wind and seismic loads, a seismic module is developed for the FAST code and described in this research. This platform allows engineers working in this industry to directly consider interaction between seismic and other environmental loads for turbines. This paper details the practical application and theory of this platform and provides examples for the use of different capabilities. The platform is then used to show the suitable earthquake and operational load combination with the implicit consideration of aerodynamic damping by estimating appropriate load factors.

关键词： renewable energy horizontal axis wind turbines aerodynamic-seismic load interaction aerodynamicdamping coupled simulations

ADDITIVE-INDUCED ENHANCEMENT OF OPTICAL CLArITY OF POLYACrYLAMIDE HYDrOGEL

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2003年第5期21卷 533-539页

作者： jeffery Franklin Department of Chemistry Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa Ontario Canada KIS 5B6

The aqueous polymerization of acrylamide and crosslinking with N,N-methylenebisacrylamide afforded hydrogelsdisplaying high levels of light scattering (poor optical clarity). Enhancement of the optical clarity within a polyacrylamide(PAm) hydrogel was accomplished through the implementation of 'refractive index matching'. Water-soluble additives wereutilised to better match the refractive index inhomogeneities throughout a given hydrogel. This resulted in lower lightscattering within the system and hence improved clarity. Amino acids, sugars, polymers, and other water-soluble additivessuch as glycerol were investigated by this methodology. Most additives investigaed displayed potential for effectivelyreducing the light scattering within a PAm hydrogel as a function of increased additive concentration. On increasing therefractive index of the water medium, the overall refractive index of a PAm hydrogel was also observed to increase. Thisprovided a quantitative means of determining the effectiveness of a given additive for improving the optical clarity within ahydrogel.

关键词： Optical clarity Polyacrylamide hydrogel refractive index matching Bacteriorhodopsin Optical memory device

Long-term tree productivity of a South Carolina coastal plain forest across a hydrology gradient

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2011年第1期4卷 67-76页

作者： william H.Conner Bo Song Thomas M.williams jeffery T.Vernon Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science Clemson UniversityGeorgetownSouth Carolina 29442USA

Aims In recent years,there has been an increased interest in examining changes in forest systems in response to drought,flooding,hurricanes and climate *** the southern United States,forested wetlands are of special interest because of the extent of these *** plain forested wetlands are among the most vulnerable to these climatic *** of the problems in developing management practices for these coastal areas is the difficulty in adequately describing productivity relations and predicting how the structure and function of these communities might be affected by natural or anthropogenic *** response to environmental change often occurs over a period of years,and the majority of reported studies are for 1–3 years in *** study documents long-term changes(10 years)in structure,composition and growth along a catena of high water table forested sites of an ancient beach ridge landscape in coastal South *** Aboveground net primary production(ANPP)of trees was monitored from 2000 to 2009 on three sites within a longleaf pine-swamp blackgum forest system on the southern end of theWaccamaw Neck area of Georgetown County,*** study plots(20325 m)were established across a moisture gradient(Dry,Intermediate,and Wet).Water levels were continuously monitored,litterfall was measured monthly and growth of trees>10 cm diameter at breast height was monitored on an annual *** litterfall and tree production values were summed to provide estimates of *** Findings The study site was under severe drought conditions July 2001 through late summer 2002 and again in *** growth was affected in all three sites,but with different *** seems that diameter growth in the Wet site was more sensitive to drought conditions in 2001–02 and 2007 than either Dry or Intermediate *** droughts did not seem to have a significant impact on litterfall in the Wet site,litterfall in the Intermediat

关键词： production gum-cypress forests hydrology drought effects coastal plain forests

The relationship between controllability, optimal testing resource allocation, and incubation-latent period mismatch as revealed by COVID-19

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2023年第2期8卷 514-538页

作者： jeffery Demers william F.Fagan Sriya Potluri Justin M.Calabrese Center for Advanced Systems Understanding(CASUS) Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rosendorf(HZDR)G€orlitzGermany Dept.of Biology University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA Dept.of Ecological Modelling Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZLeipzigGermany

The severe shortfall in testing supplies during the initial COVID-19 outbreak and ensuing struggle to manage the pandemic have affirmed the critical importance of optimal supplyconstrained resource allocation strategies for controlling novel disease *** address the challenge of constrained resource optimization for managing diseases with complications like pre-and asymptomatic transmission,we develop an integro partial differential equation compartmental disease model which incorporates realistic latent,incubation,and infectious period distributions along with limited testing supplies for identifying and quarantining infected *** model overcomes the limitations of typical ordinary differential equation compartmental models by decoupling symptom status from model compartments to allow a more realistic representation of symptom onset and presymptomatic *** analyze the influence of these realistic features on disease controllability,we find optimal strategies for reducing total infection sizes that allocate limited testing resources between‘clinical’testing,which targets symptomatic individuals,and‘non-clinical’testing,which targets non-symptomatic *** apply our model not only to the original,delta,and omicron COVID-19 variants,but also to generically parameterized disease systems with varying mismatches between latent and incubation period distributions,which permit varying degrees of presymptomatic transmission or symptom onset before *** find that factors that decrease controllability generally call for reduced levels of non-clinical testing in optimal strategies,while the relationship between incubation-latent mismatch,controllability,and optimal strategies is *** particular,though greater degrees of presymptomatic transmission reduce disease controllability,they may increase or decrease the role of nonclinical testing in optimal strategies depending on other disease factors like transmissibility

关键词： Testing quarantine control Optimal resource allocation Presymptomatic transmission Latent period Incubation period Age of infection

Peripheral nerve axons contain machinery for co-translational secretion of axonally-generated proteins

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2013年第4期29卷 493-500页

作者： Tanuja Merianda jeffery Twiss Department of Biology Drexel University Department of Biological Sciences University of South Carolina

The axonal compartment of developing neurons and mature peripheral nervous system （PNS） neurons has the capacity to locally synthesize proteins. Axonally-synthesized proteins have been shown to facilitate axonal pathfinding and maintenance in developing central nervous system （CNS） and PNS neurons, and to facilitate the regeneration of mature PNS neurons. rNA-profiling studies of the axons of cultured neurons have shown a surprisingly complex population of mrNAs that encode proteins for a myriad of functions. Although classic-appearing rough endoplasmic reticulum （rEr）, smooth endoplasmic reticulum （Er） and Golgi apparatus have not been documented in axons by ultrastructural studies, axonal rNA profiling studies show several membrane and secreted protein-encoding mrNAs whose translation products would need access to a localized secretory mechanism. We previously showed that the axons of cultured neurons contain functional equivalents of rEr and Golgi apparatus. Here, we show that markers for the signal-recognition particle, rEr, Er, and Golgi apparatus are present in PNS axons in vivo. Co-localization of these proteins mirrors that seen for cultured axons where locally-translated proteins are localized to the axoplasmic membrane. Moreover, nerve injury increases the levels and/or aggregation of these proteins, suggesting that the regenerating axon has an increased capacity for membrane targeting of locally synthesized proteins.

关键词： rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgiapparatus membrane protein axonal proteinsynthesis mrNA transport

Looking ahead to significant improvements in mining safety and health through innovative research and effective diffusion into the industry

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2015年第3期25卷 325-332页

作者： jeffery L.Kohler The Pennsylvania State University

Mining safety and health improvements over the past decades are remarkable by many metrics, and yet the expectation of society, and the goal of the mining industry, is zero harm. If we examine the underlying enablers for the significant gains that have been achieved, the key role that research to help understand the causes of problems and to develop lasting solutions is clear. Many of the remaining challenges have been resistant to solutions by various approaches. Some, such as fatalities and injuries from ground control or powered haulage are prominent year after year. Different approaches are indicated and new solutions will be required if we are to achieve a goal of zero harm. These will originate with research, but into which topics, and what are some of these different approaches? This paper examines the current state of mine safety in the United States and highlights areas of significant opportunity for research that will lead to solutions. The likely direction of research that will enable realization of the ‘‘zero harm'' goal is described in terms of evolutionary and revolutionary approaches. Both are important, but the author's view is that some of the largest gains will be made with trans-disciplinary approaches that break from the past. Topical areas of research are suggested and several research questions are given to illustrate the direction of future research in mining safety and health.

关键词： Mining safety Mining health Mining research Health and safety management systems