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Syncytiotrophoblast Derived Extracellular Vesicles in relation to Preeclampsia

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Maternal-Fetal Medicine 2021年第2期3卷 151-160页

作者： william r.cooke Gabriel D.Jones Christopher W.G.redman Manu Vatish Nuffield Department of Women’s and reproductive Health University of OxfordOxfordOX39DUUK

The syncytiotrophoblast,a fused single-cell layer between mother and fetus,constitutively releases extracellular vesicles(STBEV)directly into the maternal *** contain a variety of proteins and rNA which can be targeted to specific *** preeclampsia,asymptomatic placental oxidative stress is a precursor to later multi-organ dysfunction in the *** STBEV release in preeclampsia is considered a manifestation of syncytiotrophoblast stress,which may play a key role in signaling between fetus and *** release in preeclampsia changes,both in terms of volume and *** this review,we outline the latest advances in STBEV isolation and *** consider evidence for differential STBEV release,protein cargo and rNA content in preeclampsia,highlighting common pitfalls in study *** summarise studies to date demonstrating STBEV actions on target ***,we consider how STBEV fit into the pathophysiology of the heterogeneous syndrome of *** key unifying concept in early-and late-onset preeclampsia is syncytiotrophoblast *** submit that STBEV are the key stress signal in *** believe that further investigation of STBEV release,content,and actions may offer valuable insights into preeclampsia pathophysiology and potential new clinical diagnostics and therapeutic targets.

关键词： Biomarkers Diagnostics Extracellular vesicles Placenta Preeclampsia Signalling Stress Syncytiotrophoblast

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电弧炉采用rCB吹氧技术冶炼不锈钢

钢铁 2004年第8期39卷 64-66页

作者： P.Moxon M.Abel H.Knapp r.cooke 奥钢联福克斯公司 COrUS钢铁工程公司

吹氧技术自20世纪50年代起引入电弧炉炼钢工艺以来,促进了电弧炉性能的持续提高。奥钢联福克斯应用组合式精炼烧嘴(rCB)的吹氧技术,在降低消耗指标、提高设备可靠性和改善控制等方面取得了重要进展。2002年1月,在COrUS钢铁工程公司的电... 详细信息

吹氧技术自20世纪50年代起引入电弧炉炼钢工艺以来,促进了电弧炉性能的持续提高。奥钢联福克斯应用组合式精炼烧嘴(rCB)的吹氧技术,在降低消耗指标、提高设备可靠性和改善控制等方面取得了重要进展。2002年1月,在COrUS钢铁工程公司的电弧炉炼钢厂进行了一系列试验,采用组合式精炼烧嘴(rCB)以及喷碳枪进行碳钢、合金钢、特别是不锈钢的冶炼。这是西半球首次在电弧炉上成功应用氧气射流技术冶炼不锈钢。

关键词：电弧炉吹氧组合式精炼烧嘴不锈钢

Convection–Diffusion Model for the Prediction of Anthropogenically-Initiated Wildfire Ignition

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International Journal of Disaster risk Science 2014年第4期5卷 274-295页

作者： ravi Sadasivuni Shanti Bhushan william H.cooke Department of Geosciences Mississippi State UniversityStarkvilleMS 39759USA Center for Advance Vehicular Systems Mississippi State UniversityStarkvilleMS 39759USA

A spatial interaction model to predict anthropogenically-initiated accidental and incendiary wildfire ignition probability is developed using fluid flow analogies for human movement patterns. Urban areas with large populations are identified as the sites of global influencing factors, and are modeled as the gravity term. The transportation corridors are identified as local influencing factors, and are modeled using fluid flow analogy as diffusion and convection terms. The model is implemented in ArcGIS, and applied for the prediction of wildfire hazard distribution in southeastern Mississippi. The model shows87 % correlation with historic data in the winter season,whereas the previously developed gravity model shows only 75 % correlation. The normalized error for convection–diffusion model predictions is about 5 % in the winter season, whereas the gravity model shows an error of 7 %.The proposed model is robust as it couples a multi-criteria behavioral pattern within a single dynamic equation to enhance predictive capability. At the same time, the proposed model is more costly than the gravity model as it requires evaluation of distance from intermodal transportation corridors, transportation corridor density, and traffic volume maps. Nonetheless, the model is developed in a modular fashion, such that either global or local terms can be neglected if required.

关键词： Anthropogenic-fire Convection–diffusion model Fire ignition potential Mississippi Wildfire hazard

安徽铜陵新桥Cu-Au-S矿床黄铁矿微量元素LA-ICP-MS原位测定及其对矿床成因的制约

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地学前缘 2010年第2期17卷 306-319页

作者：周涛发张乐骏袁峰范裕 David r.cooke 合肥工业大学资源与环境工程学院安徽合肥230009 Centre of Excellence in Ore Deposits University of TasmaniaPrivate Bag 79HobartTasmania7001Australia

激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)是一种固体微区分析新技术。用该技术来分析矿床中硫化物的微量元素组成可以为研究成矿流体特征、矿床成因及找矿勘探提供有关的科学信息。文中以安徽铜陵矿集区内新桥Cu-Au-S矿床中的黄铁矿为... 详细信息

激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)是一种固体微区分析新技术。用该技术来分析矿床中硫化物的微量元素组成可以为研究成矿流体特征、矿床成因及找矿勘探提供有关的科学信息。文中以安徽铜陵矿集区内新桥Cu-Au-S矿床中的黄铁矿为研究对象,在详细的野外观察和室内鉴定的基础上,将矿床中的黄铁矿分为具有沉积特征的胶状黄铁矿(PyⅠ)、具有变形重结晶和热液叠加作用特征的细粒他形黄铁矿(PyⅡ)和具热液成因特征的中—粗粒自形黄铁矿(PyⅢ)3种类型。LA-ICP-MS原位微量元素测定结果显示,PyⅠ中相对富含Ti、Co、Ni、As、Se、Te;PyⅡ继承了PyⅠ中富含Ti、Co、Ni、As、Se、Te、Bi的特征,同时还含有不均匀分布的少量成矿元素(Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag);PyⅢ中成矿元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag、Au以及Bi元素的含量较高,Co、Ni、As的含量较低。在元素赋存状态方面,Co、Ni、As、Se和Te均以类质同象的形式进入到了黄铁矿的晶格中;Bi在PyⅡ中主要以含Bi矿物的微细包裹体形式存在,而在PyⅢ中的Bi还部分取代了Fe而占据了晶格;Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag这些成矿元素中,Cu和Zn分别以黄铜矿和闪锌矿的矿物包裹体存在于黄铁矿中;PyⅡ中所含的少量Au、Ag,可能分别以自然金和自然银的形式存在,而在PyⅢ中Au可能主要以银金矿的形式存在,Ag除了以银金矿的形式存在以外还可能赋存于黄铁矿中含铋的矿物包裹体内;Pb主要赋存于黄铁矿中的方铅矿或含铋矿物的包裹体中。在综合分析黄铁矿的结构形态和微量元素组成特征的基础上认为,PyⅠ型黄铁矿可能形成于前人提出的晚古生代海底沉积或喷流沉积环境,PyⅡ和PyⅢ型黄铁矿分别形成于中生代区域构造变形-热液叠加改造的过渡环境和热液环境,PyⅡ和PyⅢ的形成时间相近。新桥矿床的形成可能经历了晚古生代海底沉积或喷流沉积期和燕山期热液期,胶黄铁矿主要形成于沉积成矿期,而矿床中成矿物质Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag等主要来自燕山期岩浆侵入作用形成的热液成矿系统。

关键词： LA-ICP-MS 黄铁矿微量元素新桥铜陵

Ordovician Intrusive-related Gold-Copper Mineralization in West-Central New South Wales, Australia

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2000年第4期74卷 807-826页

作者： David cooke Centre for Ore Deposit research University of Tasmania GPO Box 252-79Hobart 7001 Tasmania Australia

Three major types of Ordovician intrusive-related gold-copper deposits are recognized in central-west New South Wales, Australia: porphyry, skarn and high sulphidation epithermal deposits. These deposits are mainly distributed within two Ordovician volcano-intrusive belts of the Lachlan Fold Belt: the Orange-Wellington Belt and the Parkes-Narromine Belt. Available isotopic age data suggest that mineralization of the three types of deposits is essentially coeval with the Ordovician intrusive rocks (480-430 Ma).Porphyry gold-copper deposits can be further divided into two groups. The first group is associated with monzonite showing shoshonitic features, represented by Cadia and Goonumbla. The second group is associated with diorite and dacite, including the Copper Hill and Cargo gold-copper deposits. Gold skarn is associated with Late Ordovician (430-439 Ma) monzonitic intrusive complexes in the Junction reefs area (Sheahan-Grants, Frenchmans, and Cor-nishmens), Endeavour 6, 7 and 44, Big and Little Cadia. The epithermal gold deposits with high sulphidation including Gidginbung (Temora) and Peak Hill mainly occur within Ordovician andesite and volcaniclastic rocks, and are associated with advanced argillic alteration. Available isotopic age data indicate that both alteration and mineralization of the porphyry, skarn and epithermal gold-copper deposits are broadly coeval with the Late Ordovician shoshonitic magmatism, which is thought to result from the melting of sub-continental lithosphere caused by Palaeozoic subduction *** Ordovician intrusive-related gold-copper deposits are restricted to two longitudinal parallel volcano-intrusive belts, rarely extending outside them. Diagonal intra-belt trends of mineralization are common, particularly at the intersections of longitudinal and transverse (oblique) fault/fracture zones based on the authors' review of available geological data. The locations of these gold-copper deposits are obviously influenced by transvers

关键词： intrusive-related gold-copper deposit porphyry gold-copper deposit New South Wales Australia diagonal intra-belt trend

Geochronology of the volcanic rocks in the Lu-Zong basin and its significance

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第10期51卷 1470-1482页

作者： David cooke Sebastien MEFFrE Centre of Excellence in Ore Deposits (CODES) University of Tasmania

The Lu-Zong (Lujiang-Zongyang) basin is one of the most important volcanic basins in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river area, China. It comprises four shoshonitic volcanic units, which are, in an ascending order, the Longmenyuan, Zhuanqiao, Shuangmiao and Fushan Groups. The LA-ICP MS U-Pb zircon ages of the four units are: 134.8±1.8 Ma for the Longmenyuan Group, 134.1±1.6 Ma for the Zhuanqiao Group, 130.5±0.8 Ma for the Shuangmiao Group, and 127.1±1.2 Ma for the Fushan Group. The results indicate that all volcanic rocks in the Lu-Zong basin were formed in the Early Cretaceous from about 135 Ma to 127 Ma, lasting 8-10 Ma. There were no Jurassic volcanic activities in all the volcanic basins including the Lu-Zong basin in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river area. This work has provided new chronological results for the further study and understanding of the tec- tonic, magmatic and metallogenic processes of eastern China in the Mesozoic.

关键词： zircon LA-ICP MS dating volcanic rocks geochronologic age Lu-Zong basin

An inexpensive underwater mine countermeasures simulator with real-time 3D after action review

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第5期12卷 367-379页

作者： robert STONE Timothy SNELL Neil cooke Human Interface Technologies Team University of Birmingham UK University of Birmingham UK

This paper presents the results of a concept capability demonstration pilot study, the aim of which was to investigate how inexpensive gaming software and hardware technologies could be exploited in the development and evaluation of a simulator prototype for training royal Navy mine clearance divers, specifically focusing on the detection and accurate reporting of the location and condition of underwater ordnance. The simulator was constructed using the Blender open source 3D modelling toolkit and game engine, and featured not only an interactive 3D editor for underwater scenario generation by instructors, but also a real-time, 3D After Action review(AAr) system for formative assessment and *** simulated scenarios and AAr architecture were based on early human factors observations and briefings conducted at the UK's Defence Diving School(DDS), an organisation that provides basic military diving training for all royal Navy and Army(royal Engineers) divers. An experimental pilot study was undertaken to determine whether or not basic navigational and mine detection components of diver performance could be improved as a result of exposing participants to the AAr system, delivered between simulated diving scenarios. The results suggest that the provision of AAr was accompanied by significant performance improvements in the positive identification of simulated underwater ordnance(in contrast to non-ordnance objects) and on participants' description of their location, their immediate in-water or seabed context and their structural condition. Only marginal improvements were found with participants' navigational performance in terms of their deviation accuracies from a pre-programmed expert search path. Overall, this project contributes to the growing corpus of evidence supporting the development of simulators that demonstrate the value of exploiting open source gaming software and the significance of adopting established games design techniques in delivering highly

关键词： Simulation Virtual reality Diver training Ordnance disposal Mine clearance

Another piece of the meiosis puzzle

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2017年第1期19卷 3-4页

作者： Paul S cooke Manjunatha K Nanjappa Department of Physiological Sciences College ofVeterinary Medicine University of Florida GainesvilleFL 32608 USA.

Meiosis, the process by which the ovary and testis produce haploid gametes from initially diploid cells, is essential for sexual reproduction in mammals. This process, initially described in the late 19th and early 20th century using model organisms such as sea urchins, worms and fruit flies, continues to attract extensive interest from reproductive biologists due to its centrality in gametogenesis.

关键词： testis produce haploid

How to make a human germ cell

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第3期17卷 441-442页

作者： Paul S cooke Manjunatha K Nanjappa Department of Physiological Sciences College ofVeterinary Medicine University of Florida GainesvilleFL 32608 USA

How the primordial germ cell （PGC） lineage, which eventually gives rise to spermatozoa in males and oocytes in females, is established in the developing mammalian embryo has been a critical topic in both developmental and reproductive biology for many years. There have been significant breakthroughs over the past two decades in establishing both the source of PGCs and the factors that regulate the specification of this lineage in mice,~ but our understanding of the factors that control PGC development in the human is rudimentary. The SrY-related HMG-box （SOX） family of transcription factors consists of 20 genes in humans and mice that are involved in the maintenance of pluripotency, male sexual development, and other processes. A recent paper in Cell has identified one member of this family, SOX17, as an essential factor for inducing the PGC lineage in ***, this protein does not appear to have a role in PGC specification in mice. This work not only introduces a new and important player to the field of germ cell specification, but also emphasizes the uniqueness of human PGC development compared to more extensively studied mouse models.

关键词： @@