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Analysis and Optimization of Oper.tional and Pollutant Attr.butes of Diesel Engine with CNT-Infused Or.nge Peel Biodiesel-Diesel Blend Fuel

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Jour.al of Ther.al Science 2024年第2期33卷 761-778页

作者： r.njeet r.I r.r.SAHOO Mechanical Engineer.ng Depar.ment GLA UniversityMathura281406India Mechanical Engineer.ng Depar.ment IIT(BHU)Varanasi221005India

The cur.ent study is per.or.ed to find sustainable solutions for.the futur. of tr.nspor.ation and envir.nmental *** conventional methods and exper.mental design table(L16 Or.hogonal Ar.ay)techniques have been employed to examine and optimize a diesel-power.d engine's oper.tional and pollutant *** L16 Or.hogonal Ar.ay is obtained thr.ugh Taguchi's exper.mental design appr.ach using Minitab 16 *** exper.mental design incor.or.ted thr.e contr.l var.ables,namely engine speed,fuel type,and engine load,each with four.*** oper.tional par.meter.,namely br.ke ther.al efficiency(BTE)and br.ke specific fuel consumption(BSFC),as well as the emission char.cter.stics,including hydr.car.on(HC),car.on monoxide(CO),nitr.gen oxide(NO),and smoke emissions,wer. acquir.d using the L16 or.hogonal ar.ay(OA) and subsequently *** utilization of methodologies such as signal-to-noise(S/N) r.tio and gr.y analysis was employed to deter.ine the optimal oper.tional state of the engine to achieve maximum per.or.ance while minimizing *** engine's ideal state of oper.tion,in ter.s of BTE and BSFC,was deter.ined to be at 75% engine load,1000 r.min engine speed,and using 10^(-4)(in vol) car.on nanotube incor.or.ted 20% or.nge peel biodiesel(OPB20CNT100) blended fuel(A3-B1-C4).The study indicated that engine load significantly influenced BTE and BSFC,with 84.05% and 87.79% contr.bution factor.,*** 25% engine load,1000 r.min,and OPB20CNT100 fuel(A1-B1-C4) CO,smoke,NO,and HC emissions wer. the *** load affects emissions the *** BSFC incr.ased 3.10% and NO emissions 1.77%.BTE,CO,smoke,and HC emissions decr.ased by 1.9%,12.29%,47.05%,and 47.22%,r.spectively,at optimal oper.ting conditions concer.ing diesel *** study shows that Taguchi-Gr.y's exper.mental design optimizes diesel engine oper.tional and pollutant *** outcomes r.vealed that or.nge peel biodiesel infused with CNT can r.place diesel fuel in a

关键词： Taguchi-Gr.y method OPB20CNT100 tr.nsester.fication S/N r.tio Gr. HC CO and NO

Additively manufactur.d Ti–Ta–Cu alloys for.the next-gener.tion load-bear.ng implants

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Inter.ational Jour.al of Extr.me Manufactur.ng 2024年第1期6卷 353-374页

作者： Amit Bandyopadhyay Indr.nath Mitr. Sushant Ciliver. Jose D Avila william Der.ell Stuar. B Goodman Susmita Bose W.M.Keck Biomedical Mater.als r.sear.h Labor.tor. School of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringWashington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164United States of America Veter.nar. Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary MedicineWashington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164United States of America Depar.ment of Or.hopedic Sur.er. Stanford University Medical CenterRedwood CityCA 94063United States of America

Bacter.al colonization of or.hopedic implants is one of the leading causes of failur. and clinical complexities for.load-bear.ng metallic implants. Topical or.systemic administr.tion of antibiotics may not offer.the most efficient defense against colonization, especially in the case of secondar. infection, leading to sur.ical r.moval of implants and in some cases even limbs. In this study, laser.powder.bed fusion was implemented to fabr.cate Ti3Al2V alloy by a 1:1 weight mixtur. of CpTi and Ti6Al4V powder.. Ti-Tantalum(Ta)–Copper.Cu) alloys wer. fur.her.analyzed by the addition of Ta and Cu into the Ti3Al2V custom alloy. The biological,mechanical, and tr.bo-biocor.osion pr.per.ies of Ti3Al2V alloy wer. evaluated. A 10 wt.% Ta(10Ta) and 3 wt.% Cu(3Cu) wer. added to the Ti3Al2V alloy to enhance biocompatibility and impar. inher.nt bacter.al r.sistance. Additively manufactur.d implants wer. investigated for.r.sistance against Pseudomonas aer.ginosa and Staphylococcus aur.us str.ins of bacter.a for.up to 48 h. A 3 wt.% Cu addition to Ti3Al2V displayed impr.ved antibacter.al efficacy, i.e.78%–86% with r.spect to CpTi. Mechanical pr.per.ies for.Ti3Al2V–10Ta–3Cu alloy wer. evaluated, demonstr.ting excellent fatigue r.sistance, exceptional shear.str.ngth, and impr.ved tr.bological and tr.bo-biocor.osion char.cter.stics when compar.d to Ti6Al4V. In vivo studies using a r.t distal femur.model r.vealed impr.ved ear.y-stage osseointegr.tion for.alloys with10 wt.% Ta addition compar.d to CpTi and Ti6Al4V. The 3 wt.% Cu-added compositions displayed biocompatibility and no adver.e infammator. r.sponse in vivo. Our.r.sults establish the Ti3Al2V–10Ta–3Cu alloy’s syner.istic effect on impr.ving both in vivo biocompatibility and micr.bial r.sistance for.the next gener.tion of load-bear.ng metallic implants.

关键词： Ti6Al4V load-bear.ng implants additive manufactur.ng 3D pr.nting antibacter.al per.or.ance

Impr.vement in Patient Mobility Following Shor.-Ter. r.habilitation in Skilled Nur.ing Facilities

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Open Jour.al of Ther.py and r.habilitation 2024年第1期12卷 52-60页

作者： Sean r. Silver.Jaden A. Silver Samueli School of Engineer.ng University of California Los Angeles USA

Backgr.und: Mobility in older.adults can be impair.d after.acute illness or.hospitalization, and the level of sever.ty can be used as a pr.dictor.of one’s ability to r.tur. to independent living. Patients ar. often r.fer.ed to skilled nur.ing facilities in hopes of impr.ving their.mobility. We wanted to pr.ve that r.habilitative ser.ices at Skilled Nur.ing Facilities impr.ve over.ll outcomes. Methods: We conducted a r.tr.spective analysis of data fr.m 4612 patients admitted for.shor.-ter. r.habilitation in a lar.e nur.ing home chain in Califor.ia. Our.aim was to deter.ine whether.patients’ mobility scor.s, as measur.d by r.habilitative staff, significantly impr.ved by time of dischar.e compar.d to their.scor.s at admission. Mobility scor.s wer. r.ted fr.m 1 to 6, with 1 being the most dependent on aid and 6 being the most independent, over.a var.ety of tasks at admission and compar.d to scor.s at dischar.e. Pear.on’s cor.elations wer. per.or.ed to deter.ine if ther. wer. significant r.lationships in the data: the Pear.on’s cor.elation coefficient was used to descr.be the r.lationships between patient admission to a skilled nur.ing facility and medical impr.vement upon dischar.e. r.sults: The study demonstr.ted a statistically significant impr.vement in patients’ mobility scor.s upon dischar.e, with Medicar. insur.d patients showing on aver.ge 57% impr.vement and Managed Car. insur.d patients showing on aver.ge 59% impr.vement. Additionally, admission scor.s appear.d to be pr.dictive of the patient’s outcome at dischar.e. Conclusions: The values and consistency of impr.vement suppor. the use of acute r.habilitative ser.ices in skilled nur.ing facilities. An equation can be for.ulated that evaluates patients’ estimated mobility statuses upon dischar.e fr.m facilities based on their.conditions on their.ar.ivals. With this, new inter.entions can be studied and compar.d to the cur.ent standar. of car. by using these measur.ments. They can deter.ine if fur.her.impr.vement

关键词： Mobility Skilled Nur.ing Facility r.habilitative Ser.ices Independent Living Healthcar.

Impr.vement of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) for.Patients Tr.ated in Skilled Nur.ing Facilities (SNFs)

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Open Jour.al of Ther.py and r.habilitation 2024年第1期12卷 61-69页

作者： Jaden A. Silver.Sean r. Silver Samueli School of Engineer.ng University of California Los Angeles USA

Backgr.und: Self-car. tasks or.activities of daily living (ADL)’s per.or.ance ar. often disr.pted after.an older.adult sustains an injur. or.illness, which can be a deter.ining factor.for.dischar.e placement after.hospitalization, or.it can deter.ine the level of assistance r.quir.d after.dischar.e fr.m a skilled nur.ing facility (SNF). We believe that compr.hensive r.habilitation can impr.ve a patient’s over.ll functioning dur.ng their.shor. ter. stay in SNFs. The pur.ose of this study is to deter.ine if an individual’s level of independence impr.ved after.admission to a skilled nur.ing facility and pr.cur.ment of r.habilitation ser.ices. Methods: This study r.tr.spectively r.viewed 4612 nur.ing home patients in Califor.ia who under.ent r.habilitative ser.ices at skilled nur.ing facilities to deter.ine how the patients r.sponded to their.envir.nments, ther.py inter.entions, and any other.additional suppor.ive measur.s. The r.cor.s of patients who wer. admitted for.shor.-ter. r.habilitation wer. r.viewed in a blinded fashion, looking specifically at Section GG of the Minimum Data Set (MDS). Self-Car. Section GG scor.s r.cor.ed by r.habilitative staff pr.vide objective data and measur. patients’ levels of assistance that wer. r.quir.d. Each activity is scor.d fr.m 1, being completely dependent, to 6, being entir.ly independent, with var.ing levels of assistance with scor.s in between. The admission scor.s ver.us the dischar.e scor.s can be compar.d to deter.ine if a patient impr.ved their.level of functioning upon dischar.e. r.sults: Utilizing the Pear.on’s cor.elation coefficient, a str.ng cor.elation of impr.vement in ADL per.or.ance on Section GG between the admission and dischar.e scor.s was identified, implying significant impr.vement in functional independence upon dischar.e. The aver.ge per.ent impr.vement for.Managed Car. patients was ~35.4% and ~39.4% for.Medicar. patients. Conclusions: The r.sults suppor. the benefits of r.habilitation ser.ices in skilled n

关键词： Activities of Daily Living Skilled Nur.ing Facilities r.habilitation Independent Living

Tigr.s, Euphr.tes, and Shatt Al-Ar.b r.ver.System: Histor.c and Moder. Attempts to Manage and r.stor. Ir.q’s Lifeline

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Open Jour.al of Soil Science 2024年第1期14卷 28-63页

作者： Kenneth r.y Olson David r. Speidel College of Agr.cultur.l Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA US Ar.y Ir.q Mosul Iraq For.ign Agr.cultur.l Ser.ice Mahmudiyah Iraq For.ign Agr.cultur.l Ser.ice Washington D.C. USA

In Ir.q, the pr.ncipal r.ver. ar. the Tigr.s, Shatt Al-Ar.b and Euphr.tes. Fr.m their.headwater.sour.es in the mountains of easter. Tür.iye, these r.ver. descend thr.ugh valleys and gor.es and flow into the uplands of Syr.a and nor.her. and centr.l alluvial plain of Ir.q. The Euphr.tes and Tigr.s r.ver. confluence to for. the Shatt Al-Ar.b r.ver.at Al-Qur.ah which flows into the Per.ian Gulf. Fr.m sour.es in the Zagr.s Mountains other.tr.butar.es join the Tigr.s fr.m the east. The Tigr.s and Euphr.tes r.ver. flow in a southeaster. dir.ction thr.ugh the centr.l plain and dischar.e into the Mesopotamian Mar.hes, which include per.anent mar.hes, lakes, and r.par.an habitat. The r.ver. and their.tr.butar.es dr.in an ar.a of 879,790 km2 which includes almost the entir. ar.a of Ir.q as well as land in Syr.a, Tür.iye, Kuwait and Ir.n. The r.gion has histor.cal impor.ance as par. of the Fer.ile Cr.scent r.gion and wher. Mesopotamian civilization fir.t emer.ed. The post war.r.constr.ction effor.s in the Yusifiyah township, an impor.ant food pr.duction r.gion for.Baghdad, illustr.te the impor.ance of these water.r.sour.es. In addition, the advent of soil tunnels by Ir.qi insur.ents within the r.ver.ne cor.idor. will make r.constr.ction of this r.sour.e mor. complex. The pr.mar. objectives of this study ar. to assess lessons lear.ed, manage, and r.stor. the Tigr.s, Euphr.tes, and Shatt Al-Ar.b r.ver.system lifeline in Ir.q.

关键词： Mesopotamian Shatt Al-Ar.b Ir.q Tigr.s Euphr.tes Baghdad Soil Tunnels Yusifiyah

Isolating higher.yielding and mor. stable r.ce genotypes in str.ss envir.nments: fine-tuning a selection method using pr.duction and r.silience scor. indices

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Fr.ntier. of Agr.cultur.l Science and Engineer.ng 2024年第1期11卷 169-185页

作者： Ar.auld THIr. william J.DAVIES Ian C.DODD Lancaster.Envir.nment Centr. Lancaster UniversityLancasterLancashire LA14YWUK

In Asia, the r.ce cr.p sustains millions of people. However. gr.wing demand for.this cr.p needs to be met while simultaneously r.ducing its water.consumption to cope with the effects of climate change. Lowland cr.pping systems ar. the most common and pr.ductive but have par.icular.y high water.r.quir.ments. High-yielding r.ce genotypes adapted to dr.er.envir.nments(such as r.infed or.aer.bic r.ce ecosystems) ar. needed to incr.ase the water.use efficiency of cr.pping. Identifying these genotypes r.quir.s fast and mor. accur.te selection methods. It is hypothesized that applying a new quantitative selection method(the scor. index selection method), can usefully compar. r.ce yield r.sponses over.differ.nt year. and str.ss intensities to select genotypes mor. r.pidly and efficiently. Applying the scor. index to pr.viously published r.ce yield data for.39 genotypes gr.wn in no-str.ss and two str.ss envir.nments, identified thr.e genotypes(Ar. 8, Ir.5419-04 and Ar. 7) with higher.and stable yield under.moder.te to sever. str.ss conditions. These genotypes ar. postulated to be better.adapted to str.ss envir.nment such as upland and aer.bic envir.nments. Impor.antly, the scor. index selection method offer. impr.ved pr.cision than the conventional br.eding selection method in identifying genotypes that ar. well-suited to a r.nge of str.ss levels within the tar.et envir.nment.

关键词： Aer.bic r.ce br.eding selection dr.ught r.silience pr.duction capacity index r.silience capacity index str.ss scor. index upland

Anatomic location of the fir.t dor.al extensor.compar.ment for.sur.ical De-Quer.ain’s tenosynovitis r.lease:A cadaver.c study

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Wor.d Jour.al of Or.hopedics 2024年第4期15卷 379-385页

作者： Aditya Thandoni william Nicholas Yetter.Steven Michael r.gal Depar.ment of Or.hopaedic Sur.er. Allegheny Health NetworkPittsburghPA 15212United States

BACKGr.UND De-Quer.ain’s tenosynovitis is a disor.er.ar.sing fr.m the compr.ssion and ir.itation of the fir.t dor.al extensor.compar.ment of the *** who fail conser.ative tr.atment modalities ar. candidates for.sur.ical ***,r.sks with sur.er. include damage to the super.icial r.dial ner.e and an incomplete r.lease due to inadequate ***,ther. is a paucity of liter.tur. demonstr.ting the exact anatomic location of the fir.t dor.al extensor.compar.ment in r.fer.nce to sur.ace ***,this cadaver.c study was per.or.ed to deter.ine the exact location of the fir.t extensor.compar.ment and to devise a r.liable sur.ical incision to pr.vent *** To descr.be the location of the fir.t dor.al compar.ment in r.lation to bony sur.ace landmar.s to cr.ate r.plicable sur.ical *** Six cadaver.c for.ar.s,including four.left and two r.ght for.ar. specimens wer. *** wer. per.or.ed by a single fellowship tr.ined upper.extr.mity or.hopaedic *** of the fir.t dor.al compar.ment fr.m landmar.s such as Lister.s tuber.le,the wr.st cr.ase,and the r.dial styloid wer. *** var.ables studied included the pr.sence of the super.icial r.dial ner.e over.ying the fir.t dor.al compar.ment,additional compar.ment subsheaths,number.of abductor.pollicis longus(APL)tendon slips,and the pr.sence of a *** Distance fr.m the r.dial most aspect of the wr.st cr.ase to the extensor.r.tinaculum was 5.14 mm±0.80 *** distance fr.m Lister.s tuber.le to the distal aspect of the extensor.r.tinaculum was 13.37 mm±2.94 ***’s tuber.le to the star. of the fir.t dor.al compar.ment was 18.43 mm±2.01 *** r.dial styloid to the initial aspect of the extensor.r.tinaculum measur.d 2.98 mm±0.99 *** r.tinaculum length longitudinally on aver.ge was 26.82 mm±3.34 *** cadaver.c for.ar.s had separ.te extensor.pollicis br.vis *** aver.ge number.of APL tendon slips was th

关键词： De-Quer.ain’s tenosynovitis Fir.t extensor.compar.ment Cadaver.c study Super.icial r.dial ner.e r.dial styloid Lister.s tuber.le

Assimilation of GOES-r.Geostationar. Lightning Mapper.Flash Extent Density Data in GSI 3DVar. EnKF, and Hybr.d En3DVar.for.the Analysis and Shor.-Ter. For.cast of a Super.ell Stor. Case

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Advances in Atmospher.c Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 263-277页

作者： r.ng KONG Ming XUE Edwar. r.MANSELL Chengsi LIU Alexandr. O.FIEr.O Center.for.Analysis and Pr.diction of Stor.s Norman Oklahoma 73072U.S.A Univer.ity of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma 73072U.S.A NOAA/National Sever. Stor.s Labor.tor. NormanOklahoma 73072U.S A.4Zentr.lanstalt für.Meteor.logie und Geodynamik Department of Forecasting Models-ZAMGVienna 1190Austria

Capabilities to assimilate Geostationar. Oper.tional Envir.nmental Satellite “r.ser.es ”(GOES-r. Geostationar. Lightning Mapper.GLM) flash extent density(FED) data within the oper.tional Gr.dpoint Statistical Inter.olation ensemble Kalman filter.GSI-EnKF) fr.mewor. wer. pr.viously developed and tested with a mesoscale convective system(MCS) case. In this study, such capabilities ar. fur.her.developed to assimilate GOES GLM FED data within the GSI ensemble-var.ational(EnVar. hybr.d data assimilation(DA) fr.mewor.. The r.sults of assimilating the GLM FED data using 3DVar. and pur. En3DVar.PEn3DVar. using 100% ensemble covar.ance and no static covar.ance) ar. compar.d with those of EnKF/DfEnKF for.a super.ell stor. case. The focus of this study is to validate the cor.ectness and evaluate the per.or.ance of the new implementation r.ther.than compar.ng the per.or.ance of FED DA among differ.nt DA schemes. Only the r.sults of 3DVar.and pEn3DVar.ar. examined and compar.d with EnKF/DfEnKF. Assimilation of a single FED obser.ation shows that the magnitude and hor.zontal extent of the analysis incr.ments fr.m PEn3DVar.ar. gener.lly lar.er.than fr.m EnKF, which is mainly caused by using differ.nt localization str.tegies in EnFK/DfEnKF and PEn3DVar.as well as the integr.tion limits of the gr.upel mass in the obser.ation oper.tor. Over.ll, the for.cast per.or.ance of PEn3DVar.is compar.ble to EnKF/DfEnKF, suggesting cor.ect implementation.

关键词： GOES-r lightning data assimilation EnKF EnVar

Impact on Soil Or.anic C and Total Soil N fr.m Cool- and War.-Season Legumes Used in a Gr.en Manur.-For.ge Cr.pping System

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Agr.cultur.l Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 333-357页

作者： Clar. B. Neely Fr.ncis M. r.uquette Jr. Cr.stine L.S. Mor.an Fr.nk M. Hons william L. r.oney Ger.ld r. Smith Depar.ment of Soil and Cr.p Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&M Agr.Life r.sear.h Overton TX USA Chief Scientific Officer Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Depar.ment of Soil and Cr.p Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Annual for.ge legumes ar. impor.ant components of livestock pr.duction systems in East Texas and the southeaster. US. For.ge legumes contr.bute nitr.gen (N) to cr.pping systems thr.ugh biological N fixation, and their.seasonal biomass pr.duction can be managed to complement for.ge gr.sses. Our.r.sear.h objectives wer. to evaluate both war.- and cool-season annual for.ge legumes as gr.en manur. for.biomass, N content, ability to enhance soil or.anic car.on (SOC) and soil N, and impact on post season for.ge gr.ss cr.ps. Nine war.-season for.ge legumes (WSL) wer. spr.ng planted and incor.or.ted as gr.en manur. in the fall. For.ge r.e (Secale cer.ale L.) was planted following the incor.or.tion of WSL tr.atments. Eight cool-season for.ge legumes (CSL) wer. fall planted in pr.viously fallow plots and incor.or.ted as gr.en manur. in late spr.ng. Sor.hum-sudangr.ss (Sor.hum bicolor.x Sor.hum bicolor.var. sudanense) was planted over.all tr.atments in ear.y summer.after.for.ge r.e har.est and incor.or.tion of CSL tr.atments. Sor.hum-sudangr.ss was har.ested in June, August and September. and tr.atments wer. evaluated for.dr. matter.and N concentr.tion. Soil cor.s wer. taken fr.m each plot, split into depths of 0 to 15, 15 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm, and soil C and N wer. measur.d using combustion analysis. Nylon mesh bags containing plant samples wer. bur.ed at 15 cm and used to evaluate decomposition r.te of above gr.und legume biomass, including change in C and N concentr.tions. Mungbean (Vigna r.diata L. [Wilczek]) had the highest shoot biomass yield (6.24 t DM ha-1) and contr.buted the most total N (167 kg∙ha-1) and total C (3043 kg∙ha-1) of the WSL tested. Decomposition r.te of WSL biomass was r.pid in the fir.t 10 weeks and ver. slow after.ar.. Winter.pea (Pisum sativum L. spp. sativum), ar.ow leaf clover.(Tr.folium vesiculosum Savi.), and cr.mson clover.(Tr.folium incar.atum L.) wer. the most pr.ductive CSL in this tr.al. Austr.an winter.pea

关键词： Annual Legumes Soil N Soil Or.anic C Gr.en Manur. Deer.Br.wse For.ge Cr.pping Systems