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Challenges with Disaster Mortality Data and Measuring Progress Towards the Implementation of the Sendai Framework

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2019年第4期10卷 449-461页

作者： Helen K.Green Oliver Lysaght Dell D.Saulnier Kevin Blanchard Alistair Humphrey Bapon Fakhruddin Virginia murray Global Disaster Risk Reduction Public Health EnglandLondon SE18UGUK Department of Public Health Sciences Karolinska Institutet17177 StockholmSweden Canterbury District Health Board Christchurch 8140New Zealand Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Resilience Tonkin+TaylorAuckland 1141New Zealand

Disasters exact a heavy toll ***,the degree to which we can accurately quantify their impact,in particular mortality,remains *** is critical to ensure that disaster data reliably reflects the scale,type,and distribution of disaster impacts given the role of data in:(1)risk assessments;(2)developing disaster risk management programs;(3)determining the resources for response to emergencies;(4)the types of action undertaken in planning for prevention and preparedness;and(5)identifying research *** Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 s seven global disaster-impact reduction targets represent the first international attempt to systematically measure the effectiveness of disaster-impact reduction as a means of better informing policy with *** A of the Sendai Framework aims to‘‘substantially reduce global disaster mortality by 2030,aiming to lower the average per 100,000 global mortality rate in the decade 2020–2030 compared to the period 2005–2015.’’This article provides an overview of the complexities associated with defining,reporting,and interpreting disaster mortality data used for gauging success in meeting Target A,acknowledging different challenges for different types of hazard events and subsequent *** concludes with suggestions of how to address these challenges to inform the public health utility of monitoring through the Sendai Framework.

关键词： Data Disaster mortality Disaster risk management Disaster risk reduction Mass casualty Sendai Framework

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考古学的文化传统与开展社会考古学的可能性

考古 2003年第3期 82-87页

作者： Tim murray 拉楚布大学考古学与欧洲研究系澳大利亚

One of the fruits of the post-processual archaeology is that practitioners begin to realize the importance of "social" factors in the development of human societies. But this raised furious arguments on whether archaeologists can sensibly speak of society, and of the repertoire of concepts and categories that go with it. The discussion here concerns only Paleolithic archaeological records. The bulk of the paper is directed to three issues. First, an excursion into the cultural traditions of the discipline to consider why Paleolithic archaeologists fell compelled to pursue social archaeology. Scond, a discussion of the role of archaeological epistemology in allowing us a framework within which to assess the consequences of this pursuit. Third, a sketch of an alternative programme for Paleolithic archaeology which seeks to re-define to programme of social archaeology away from a simplistic application of contemporary social theory to archaeological data.

关键词：旧石器考古学社会考古学本体论考古资料人类学

Development of Perennial Wheat Through Hybridization Between Wheat and Wheatgrasses： A Review

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Engineering 2018年第4期4卷 507-513页

作者： Lei Cui Yongkang Ren Timothy D. murray Wenze Yan Qing Guo Yuqi Niu Yu Sun Hongjie Li Institute of Crop Science Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Yaiyuan 030031 China The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China Department of Plant Pathology Washington State University Pullman WA 99164 USA

Wheatgrasses （Thinopyrum spp.）, which are relatives of wheat （Triticum aestivum L）, have a perennial growth habit and offer resistance to a diversity of biotic and abiotic stresses, making them useful in wheat improvement. Many of these desirable traits from Thinopyrum spp. have been used to develop wheat cultivars by introgression breeding. The perennial growth habit of wheatgrasses inherits as a complex quantitative trait that is controlled by many unknown genes. Previous studies have indicated that Thinopyrum spp. are able to hybridize with wheat and produce viable/stable amphiploids or partial amphiploids. Meanwhile, efforts have been made to develop perennial wheat by domestication of Thinopyrum spp. The most promising perennial wheat-Thinopyrum lines can be used as grain and/or forage crops, which combine the desirable traits of both parents. The wheat-Thinopyrum lines can adapt to diverse agricultural systems. This paper summarizes the development of perennial wheat based on Thinopyrum, and the genetic aspects, breeding methods, and perspectives of wheat-Thinopyrum hybrids.

关键词： Thinopyrum Wheatgrass Perennial Triticum aestivum

Reflections on a Science and Technology Agenda for 21st Century Disaster Risk Reduction Based on the Scientific Content of the 2016 UNISDR Science and Technology Conference on the Implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–203

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2016年第1期7卷 1-29页

作者： Amina Aitsi-Selmi Virginia murray Chadia Wannous Chloe Dickinson David Johnston Akiyuki Kawasaki Anne-Sophie Stevance Tiffany Yeung Public Health England the UNISDR Science and Technology Conference on the Implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 the UNISDR Scientific and Technical Advisory Group(STAG) United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction Joint Centre for Disaster Research GNS Science/Massey University University of Tokyo International Council for Science Hong Kong Jockey Club Disaster Preparedness and Response Institute Overseas Training Fellow

The first international conference for the post-2015 United Nations landmark agreements(Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, Sustainable Development Goals, and Paris Agreement on Climate Change) was held in January 2016 to discuss the role of science and technology in implementing the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. The UNISDR Science and Technology Conference on the Implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 aimed to discuss and endorse plans that maximize science's contribution to reducing disaster risks and losses in the coming 15 years and bring together the diversity of stakeholders producing and using disaster risk reduction(DRR) science and technology. This article describes the evolution of the role of science and technology in the policy process building up to the Sendai Framework adoption that resulted in an unprecedented emphasis on science in the text agreed on by 187 United Nations member states in March 2015 and endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly in June 2015. Contributions assembled by the Conference Organizing Committee and teams including the conference concept notes and the conference discussions that involved a broad range of scientists and decision makers are summarized in this article. The conference emphasized how partnerships and networks can advance multidisciplinary research and bring together science, policy, and practice; how disaster risk is understood, and how risks are assessed and early warning systems are designed; what data, standards, and innovative practices would be needed to measure and report on risk reduction; what research and capacity gaps exist and how difficulties in creating and using science for effective DRR can be overcome. The Science and Technology Conference achieved two main outcomes:(1) initiating the UNISDR Science and Technology Partnership for the implementation of the Sendai Framework; and(2) generating discussion and agre

关键词： Disaster risk reduction Sendai Framework implementation Science and Technology Conference Science-policy interface

Stable isotope analysis of diet confirms niche separation of two sympatric species of Namib Desert lizard

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Integrative Zoology 2016年第1期11卷 60-75页

作者： Ian W.murray Hilary M.LEASE Robyn S.HETEM Duncan MITCHELL Andrea FULLER Stephan WOODBORNE Brain Function Research Group School of PhysiologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa Biology Department Whitman CollegeWalla WallaWashingtonUSA iThemba Laboratories GautengSouth Africa Stable Isotope Laboratory Mammal Research InstituteDepartment of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa

We used stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen to study the trophic niche of two species of insectivorous lizards,the Husab sand lizard Pedioplanis husabensis and Bradfield’s Namib day gecko living sympatrically in the Namib *** measured theδ13C andδ15N ratios in lizard blood tissues with different turnover times(whole blood,red blood cells and plasma)to investigate lizard diet in different *** also measured theδ13C andδ15N ratios in available arthropod prey and plant tissues on the site,to identify the avenues of nutrient movement between lizards and their *** the use of stable isotope mixing models,we found that the two lizard species relied on a largely non-overlapping but seasonally variable array of arthropods:*** primarily fed on termites,beetles and wasps,while *** fed mainly on ants,wasps and *** originating from C3 plants were proportionally higher for *** than for *** during autumn and late autumn/early winter,although not *** to the few available data estimating the trophic transfer of nutrients in ectotherms in mixed C3 and C4/crassulacean acid metabolism(CAM)plant landscapes,we found that our lizard species primarily acquired nutrients that originated from C4/CAM *** work adds an important dimension to the general lack of studies using stable isotope analyses to estimate lizard niche partitioning and resource use.

关键词： Namib Desert niche partitioning Pedioplanis Rhoptropus stable isotopes

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FOLLOWING THOREAU

外语教学 1981年第3期 64-67页

作者： Don murray

本文作者唐·穆雷(Don murray)系美国北伊利诺斯大学教授,对美国文学研究造诣很深。一九八零年受聘来我院英语系讲授美国文学,博得广大师生的好评,于今年载誉而归。回国之前,曾应邀为本刊撰写了唐诗英译及文学等方面的文章,本文是其中... 详细信息

本文作者唐·穆雷(Don murray)系美国北伊利诺斯大学教授,对美国文学研究造诣很深。一九八零年受聘来我院英语系讲授美国文学,博得广大师生的好评,于今年载誉而归。回国之前,曾应邀为本刊撰写了唐诗英译及文学等方面的文章,本文是其中一篇有关评介亨利·大卫·索洛(HenryDavid Thoreau)的著作。亨利·大卫·索洛(1817—1862)是十九世纪中叶美国一位著名文学家,与当时的著名评论家、哲学家、诗人爱默生(Ralph Waldo merson)结为知交。索洛的文学创作思想深受爱默生的影响,两人都是超越论者(Transcendentalist)。索洛为了观察大自然,体验森林生活,曾在马萨诸塞州康考得附近的沃尔登湖畔隐居数年之久,写下了著名的《沃尔登》一书。索洛热爱大自然,对十九世纪西方资本主义社会的发展,对人口的急剧涌向大都市以及对人们的贪财谋利持批判态度。他认为,体力劳动和朴素生活能够使人类更加接近大自然。他主张改革社会制度,以谋求社会的发展和进步。一八四七年他抵制美国政府支持的非正义战争,因抗交国税而入狱。他强烈反对奴隶制,作为一位著名的进步作家而载入史册。唐·穆雷教授多年来致力于对索洛生平及其著作的研究,发表过不少有关这方面的文章。在来我国之前,他曾沿索洛生前走过的路线作了一次有意义的旅行。本文是一篇回忆录,简述作者旅行时的感想,表达了自己对索洛的敬慕之情。这对美国文学的爱好者,特别是对索洛文学作品及其思想的研究者,勿庸置疑,是一篇值得细读的佳作。

关键词：索洛大卫大自然 FOLLOWING THOREAU 穆雷爱默生十九世纪亨利美国美利坚合众国北美洲文学

Comparing carbon accumulation in restored and natural wetland soils of coastal Louisiana

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2019年第6期34卷 600-607页

作者： Glenn M.Suir Charles E.Sasser Ronald D.DeLaune Elizabeth O.murray U.S.Army Engineer Research and Development Center Environmental LaboratoryWetlands and Environmental Technologies Research Facility Louisiana State University Department of Oceanography and Coastal ScienceCollege of the Coast and Environment U.S.Army Engineer Research and Development Center Environmental Laboratory

Louisiana’s chronic wetland deterioration has resulted in massive soil organic matter loss and subsequent carbon release through *** combat these losses,and reestablish ecosystem function,goods,and services,many restoration projects have been constructed or planned throughout coastal *** are significant data gaps and conflicting results regarding wetland contributions to global warming,especially related to carbon sequestration in restored *** exceptionally large data set was used to derive carbon accumulation rates from key soil characteristics and *** and comparisons of bulk density,organic matter,total carbon,vertical accretion(short-and longer-term),and carbon accumulation rates were made across time(chronosequence) and space(i.e.,coastwide,watershed basins,and vegetation zones).Carbon accumulation rates in the Louisiana coastal zone were generally correlated to hydrogeomorphology,with higher rates occurring in zones of high river connectivity or in swamp or higher salinity tolerant *** average,naturally occurring wetlands had higher carbon accumulation rates than restoration *** some restoration measures were higher,and most showed increasing carbon accumulation rates over *** demonstrate that although wetland restoration provides many ecosystem benefits,the associated carbon sequestration may also provide useful measures for climate change management.

关键词： Wetland productivity Chronosequence Carbon sequestration Wetland restoration Coastal Louisiana

现代公民教育在我国义务教育阶段课程中的实现——基于相关学科的课程标准与指导纲要的分析

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教育学报 2017年第2期13卷 20-32页

作者：李敏 murray Print 首都师范大学初等教育学院北京100037 悉尼大学社会与教育工作系

现代公民教育的首要目标是培养具有社会参与能力的下一代合格公民。当前,世界各国的公民教育主要有知识学习、技能学习、价值观学习三种学习模式,侧重关心民主法则及其实现过程、公民的价值观、公民的权利与义务等十大议题。通过分析品... 详细信息

现代公民教育的首要目标是培养具有社会参与能力的下一代合格公民。当前,世界各国的公民教育主要有知识学习、技能学习、价值观学习三种学习模式,侧重关心民主法则及其实现过程、公民的价值观、公民的权利与义务等十大议题。通过分析品德课程〔品德与生活(社会)和思想品德〕、历史与社会、综合实践活动三类课程的政策文本,可知公民教育在我国义务教育阶段已有广泛而深入的发展,虽然在有些方面还需要平衡和衔接,但难能可贵的是我国已形成立体的课程依存与支撑结构。这种在正式课程间建立关联是我国实践公民教育的一次课程创新,它顺应了现代公民教育的发展趋势,并形成了独特的"课程群模式",同时为当下的非正式课程发展提供公民教育方面的经验。

关键词：现代公民教育义务教育课程课程标准指导纲要

Prediction model for mercury transfer from soil to corn grain and its cross-species extrapolation

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第10期15卷 2393-2402页

作者： HU Hai-yan LI Zhao-jun FENG Yao LIU Yuan-wang XUE Jian-ming murray Davis LIANG Yong-chao Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Ministry of Agriculture/China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory for Soil Molecular Ecology Scion College of Environmental and Resources Zhejiang University

In this study the transfer characteristics of mercury（Hg） from a wide range of Chinese soils to corn grain（cultivar Zhengdan 958） were investigated. Prediction models were developed for determining the Hg bioconcentration factor（BCF） of Zhengdan 958 from soil, including the soil properties, such as p H, organic matter（OM） concentration, cation exchange capacity（CEC）, total nitrogen concentration（TN）, total phosphorus concentration（TP）, total potassium concentration（TK）, and total Hg concentration（THg）, using multiple stepwise regression analysis. These prediction models were applied to other non-model corn cultivars using a cross-species extrapolation approach. The results indicated that the soil p H was the most important factor associated with the transfer of Hg from soil to corn grain. Hg bioaccumulation in corn grain increased with the decreasing p H. No significant differences were found between two prediction models derived from different rates of Hg applied to the soil as HgCl2. The prediction models established in this study can be applied to other non-model corn cultivars and are useful for predicting Hg bioconcentration in corn grain and assessing the ecological risk of Hg in different soils.

关键词： soils corn grain bioconcentration factor(BCF) prediction model Hg