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“It’s a Wild Ride”: A Phenomenological Exploration of High Maternal, Gestational Weight Gain

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Health 2014年第18期6卷 2541-2552页

作者： Cynthia L. murray School of Nursing Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John’s Canada

High maternal, gestational weight gain is associated with high birthweight, large-for-gestational-age birthweights, cesarean delivery, child overweight, and short- and long-term postpartum weight retention. In this phenomenological study, the meaning and experiences of weight gain for pregnant women with high gestational weight gain were investigated. Data were collected through interviews with pregnant women from Atlantic Canada. van Manen’s method of phenomenology was utilized. The data analysis revealed four patterns or major themes: being caught off guard;losing your bearings;hanging on for dear life;and hoping for health. The participants experienced their gestational weight gain as an unexpected “wild ride” that they could not control. The findings highlight the need for health care professionals to provide pregnant women with more support concerning gestational weight gain.

关键词： Embodiment/Bodily Experiences Phenomenology Lived Experience Pregnancy Weight Gain

Modulation of human global/local perception by low spatial frequency filtering

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第21期48卷 2336-2339页

作者： HANShihui J.A.Weaver S.O.murray KANGXiaojian E.W.Yund D.L.Woods DepartmentofPsychology CenterforBrainandCognitiveSciencesPekingUniversityBeijing100871China DepartmentofNeurology UniversityofCaliforniaatDavisVANorthernCaliforniaSystemofClinicsDavisCA95616USA

We investigated the effect of low spatial fre-quency (SF) filtering on neural substrates underlying global and local processing in the peripheral vision by measuring hemodynamic responses with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Subjects identified global or local shapes of compound letters that were either broadband in spatial- frequency spectrum or contrast balanced (CB) to removed low SFs and displayed randomly in the left or right visual fields. Attention to both broadband and CB global shapes generated stronger activation over the medial occipital cor-tex relative to local attention. Lateralized activations in association with global processing were observed over the right temporal-parietal junction for broadband stimuli whereas over the right fusiform gyrus for CB stimuli. Atten-tion to CB local shapes resulted in activations in the medial frontal cortex, bilateral inferior frontal and superior tempo-ral cortices. The results were discussed in terms of the competition between global and local information in determining brain activations in association with global/local processing of compound stimuli.

关键词：神经系统血液动力学功能磁性共振图空间频率光谱

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碎甲弹能否对付反应装甲

兵器材料科学与工程 1990年第8期13卷 69-70页

作者： murray Hammick 高康

有消息透露说,英国装有破甲战斗部的便携式反坦克武器LAW80不能够击穿装备反应装甲的苏联T-80坦克的正面装甲,这给未来的破甲弹提出了问题。西方主战坦克通常携带两种类型反坦克弹药;动能弹(KE)可在有快速射击机会时随时发射;另一种是... 详细信息

有消息透露说,英国装有破甲战斗部的便携式反坦克武器LAW80不能够击穿装备反应装甲的苏联T-80坦克的正面装甲,这给未来的破甲弹提出了问题。西方主战坦克通常携带两种类型反坦克弹药;动能弹(KE)可在有快速射击机会时随时发射;另一种是使用化学能的低速弹,如破甲弹、碎甲弹和塑性装药榴弹。

关键词：碎甲弹弹药反应装甲

In vivo percutaneous reflectance spectroscopy of fatty liver development in rats suggests that the elevation of the scattering power is an early indicator of hepatic steatosis

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2018年第4期11卷 53-71页

作者： Daqing Piao Jerry W.Ritchey GReed Holyoak Corey R.Wall Nigar Sultana Jill K.murray Kenneth E.Bartels School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oklahoma State University 202 Engineering South StillwaterOK 74078USA Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Center for Veterinary Health Sciences 002 VTH Oklahoma State University StillwaterOK 74078USA Department of Veterinary Pathobiology Center for Veterinary Health Sciences Oklahoma State University 250 McElroy Hall StillwaterOK 74078USA Graduate Program on Interdisciplinary Sciences Oklahoma State University StillwaterOK 74078USA

This study assessed whether there was a scat tering spectral mar ker quantifiable by reflectance measurements that could indicate early development of hepatic steatosis in rats for potential applications to pre procurement organ *** rats were fed a methionine choline-deficient(MCD)diet and eight rats were fed a normal *** assessment of the liver parenchyma of rats in vivo was performed by percut aneous reflect ance spectroscopy using a single fiber probe at the beginning of diet-intake and arbitrary post-diet-intake times up to 11 weeks to render longitudinal *** sampling of the liver over the duration of diet adm inistration was performed on two MCD diet treated rats and one control rat eutha-nized after reflectance spectroscopy *** images of hematoxylin/eosin-stained liver specimens were analyzed morphometrically to evahuate the lipid size changes associated with the level of *** MCD-diet-treated group(n=16)had mild steatosis in seven rats,moderate in three rats,severe in six rats,and no other significant *** control rats(n=8)developed hepatic *** the parameters retrieved from per-SfS,only the scat tering power(can be either positive or negative)appeared to be statist ically diferent between MCD-treated and control *** scattering power for the 16 MCD-diet-treated livers at the time of euthanasia and presenting various levels of steatosis was 033±0.21,in comparison to 0.036±0.25 of the eight control livers(p=0.0189).When evaluated at days 12 and 13 combined,the scattering power of the 16 MCD-diet-treated livers was 032±0.17,in comparison to 0.10±0.11 of the eight control livers(p=0.0017).All of four MCD-treated livers harvested at days 12 and 13 presented mild steatosis with sub-micron size lipid droplets,even though none of the MCD-treated livers were sonogr aphically remarkable for fatty *** elevation of the scattering power may be a valuable marker indicating ear

关键词： Hepatic steatosis difuse reflect ance spectroscopy liver transplant

Schizophrenia-associated MicroRNA–Gene Interactions in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2019年第6期17卷 623-634页

作者： Danielle M.Santarelli Adam P.Carroll Heath M.Cairns Paul A.Tooney murray J.Cairns School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy The University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research Hunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleNSW 2305Australia

Schizophrenia-associated anomalies in gene expression in postmortem brain can be attributed to a combination of genetic and environmental influences. Given the small effect size of common variants, it is likely that we may only see the combined impact of some of these at the pathway level in small postmortem studies. At the gene level, however, there may be more impact from common environmental exposures mediated by influential epigenomic modifiers, such as microRNA(miRNA). We hypothesise that dysregulation of miRNAs and their alteration of gene expression have significant implications in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In this study, we integrate changes in cortical gene and miRNA expression to identify regulatory interactions and networks associated with the disorder. Gene expression analysis in post-mortem prefrontal dorsolateral cortex(BA 46)(n = 74 matched pairs of schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and control samples)was integrated with miRNA expression in the same cohort to identify gene–miRNA regulatory networks. A significant gene–miRNA interaction network was identified, including miR-92 a, miR-495,and miR-134, which converged with differentially expressed genes in pathways involved in neurodevelopment and oligodendrocyte function. The capacity for miRNA to directly regulate gene expression through respective binding sites in BCL11 A, PLP1, and SYT11 was also confirmed to support the biological relevance of this integrated network model. The observations in this study support the hypothesis that mi RNA dysregulation is an important factor in the complex pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

关键词： Schizophrenia MicroRNA Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Network Neuropathology

Economic Assessment and Review of Waterless Fracturing Technologies in Shale Resource Development: A Case Study

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Journal of Earth Science 2017年第5期28卷 933-948页

作者： Iman Oraki Kohshou Reza Barati Meaghan Cassey Yorro Tim Leshchyshyn Adebola T. Adejumo Usman Ahmed Imre Kugler murray Reynolds James McAndrew University of Wyoming Department of Petroleum Engineering Laramie WY 82071 USA Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 USA Forum Energy Technologies Houston TX 77024 USA FracKnowledge//Fracturing Horizontal Well Completions Inc. Calgary AB 72G 0X8 Canada Halliburton Houston TX 77032 USA Unconventional Oil and Gas technology and Development and WellDog Laramie WY 82070 USA IHS Markit Houston TX 77077 USA Ferus Calgary AB T2P 3C5 Canada AirLiquide Greater Philadelphia Area Philadelphia 19019 USA

Our database tracking of USA water usage per well indicates that traditionally shale operators have been using, on average 3 to 6 million gallons of water; even up to 8 million for the en- tire life cycle of the well based on its suitability for re-fracturing to stimulate their long and lateral ho- rizontal welis. According to our data, sourcing, storage, transportation, treatment, and disposal of this large volume of water could account for up to 10% of overall drilling and completion costs. With in- creasingly stringent regulations governing the use of fresh water and growing challenges associated with storage and use of produced and flowback water in hydraulic fracturing, finding alternative sources of fracturing fluid is already a hot debate among both the scientific community and industry experts. On the other hand, waterless fracturing technology providers claim their technology can solve the concerns of water availability for shale development. This study reviews high-level technical issues and opportunities in this challenging and growing market and evaluates key economic drivers behind water management practices such as waterless fracturing technologies, based on a given shale gas play in the United States and experience gained in Canada. Water costs are analyzed under a variety of scenarios with and without the use of （fresh） water. The results are complemented by surveys from several oil and gas operators. Our economic analysis shows that fresh water usage offers the greatest economic return. In regions where water sourcing is a challenge, however, the short-term economic advantage of using non-fresh water-based fracturing outweighs the capital costs required by waterless fracturing methods. Until waterless methods are cost competitive, recycled water usage with low treatment offers a similar net present value （NPV） to that of sourcing freshwater via truck, for in- stance.

关键词： shale gas gas exploration fracturing techology fracturing fluid waterless fracturing.

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重塑价值和资本的概念

南京社会科学 2013年第12期 42-48页

作者： Jeanne A.Schuler Patrick murray 美国克瑞顿大学哲学系 NE68178

马克思政治经济学批判的两个核心概念是价值和资本。由于资本是不断增殖的价值,所以我们必须从理解价值开始理解资本。关于"附加值"的妄加谈论以及对各种资本,如人力资本、社会资本、自然资本和智力资本等等的错误指认在现今大量存在着... 详细信息

马克思政治经济学批判的两个核心概念是价值和资本。由于资本是不断增殖的价值,所以我们必须从理解价值开始理解资本。关于"附加值"的妄加谈论以及对各种资本,如人力资本、社会资本、自然资本和智力资本等等的错误指认在现今大量存在着。本文指出并批判了五种关于价值和资本的错误概念,这些概念流传甚广,并且阻碍了激进哲学的发展。它们使我们的思考偏离了马克思成熟的政治经济学批判中的价值和资本概念。

关键词：价值资本功用性

What can imaging tell us about cognitive impairment and dementia?

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World Journal of Radiology 2016年第3期8卷 240-254页

作者： Leela Narayanan Alison Dorothy murray Department of Clinical Radiology NHS Grampian Health Board NHS Foresterhill Health Site Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre Division of Applied Medicine University of Aberdeen Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre Division of Applied Medicine School of Medicine University of Aberdeen

Dementia is a contemporary global health issue with far reaching consequences, not only for affected individuals and their families, but for national and global socio-economic conditions. The hallmark feature of dementia is that of irreversible cognitive decline, usually affecting memory, and impaired activities of daily living. Advances in healthcare worldwide have facilitated longer life spans, increasing the risks of developing cognitive decline and dementia in late life. Dementia remains a clinical diagnosis. The role of structural and molecular neuroimaging in patients with dementia is primarily supportive role rather than diagnostic, American and European guidelines recommending imaging to exclude treatable causes of dementia, such as tumor, hydrocephalus or intracranial haemorrhage, but also to distinguish between different dementia subtypes, the commonest of which is Alzheimer’s disease. However, this depends on the availability of these imaging techniques at individual centres. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, such as functional connectivity MRI, diffusion tensor imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and molecular imaging techniques, such as 18F fluoro-deoxy glucose positron emission tomography (PET), amyloid PET, tau PET, are currently within the realm of dementia research but are available for clinical use. Increasingly the research focus is on earlier identification of at risk preclinical individuals, for example due to family history. Intervention at the preclinical stages before irreversible brain damage occurs is currently the best hope of reducing the impact of dementia.

关键词： Dementia Alzheimer’s disease Magnetic resonance imaging Molecular imaging Frontotemporal dementia Lewy body dementia Vascular dementia

Predictive value of symptoms and demographics in diagnosing malignancy or peptic stricture

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第32期18卷 4357-4362页

作者： Iain A murray Joanne Palmer Carolyn Waters Harry R Dalton Department of Gastroenterology Royal Cornwall HospitalTruroCornwall TR1 3LJUnited Kingdom Research and Development Knowledge SpaRoyal Cornwall HospitalTruroCornwall TR1 3LJUnited Kingdom

AIM:To determine which features of history and demographics predict a diagnosis of malignancy or peptic stricture in patients presenting with ***:A prospective case-control study of 2000 consecutive referrals(1031 female,age range:17-103 years) to a rapid access service for dysphagia,based in a teaching hospital within the United Kingdom,over 7 *** service consists of a nurse-led telephone triage followed by investigation(barium swallow or gastroscopy),if appropriate,within 2 *** regression analysis of demographic and clinical variables was *** includes age,sex,duration of dysphagia,whether to liquids or solids,and whether there are associated features(reflux,odynophagia,weight loss,regurgitation).We determined odds ratio(OR) for these variables for the diagnoses of malignancy and peptic *** determined the value of the Edinburgh Dysphagia Score(EDS) in predicting cancer in our *** logistic regression was performed and P 73 years,OR 1.1-3.3,age 73 years 11.8%,P 26 wk 2.5%,P < 0.0005),progressive symptoms(OR 1.3-2.6:progressive 14.8%,int

关键词： Dysphagia Deglutition disorders Esophageal neoplasms Esophageal stenosis Gastroscopy Barium swallow Predictive value of tests