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Impact on Soil Organic C and Total Soil N from Cool- and Warm-Season Legumes Used in a Green manure-Forage Cropping System

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 333-357页

作者： Clark B. Neely Francis m. Rouquette Jr. Cristine L.S. morgan Frank m. Hons william L. Rooney Gerald R. Smith Department of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&m AgriLife Research Overton TX USA Chief Scientific Officer Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Annual forage legumes are important components of livestock production systems in East Texas and the southeastern US. Forage legumes contribute nitrogen (N) to cropping systems through biological N fixation, and their seasonal biomass production can be managed to complement forage grasses. Our research objectives were to evaluate both warm- and cool-season annual forage legumes as green manure for biomass, N content, ability to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil N, and impact on post season forage grass crops. Nine warm-season forage legumes (WSL) were spring planted and incorporated as green manure in the fall. Forage rye (Secale cereale L.) was planted following the incorporation of WSL treatments. Eight cool-season forage legumes (CSL) were fall planted in previously fallow plots and incorporated as green manure in late spring. Sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum bicolor var. sudanense) was planted over all treatments in early summer after forage rye harvest and incorporation of CSL treatments. Sorghum-sudangrass was harvested in June, August and September, and treatments were evaluated for dry matter and N concentration. Soil cores were taken from each plot, split into depths of 0 to 15, 15 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm, and soil C and N were measured using combustion analysis. Nylon mesh bags containing plant samples were buried at 15 cm and used to evaluate decomposition rate of above ground legume biomass, including change in C and N concentrations. mungbean (Vigna radiata L. [Wilczek]) had the highest shoot biomass yield (6.24 t Dm ha-1) and contributed the most total N (167 kg∙ha-1) and total C (3043 kg∙ha-1) of the WSL tested. Decomposition rate of WSL biomass was rapid in the first 10 weeks and very slow afterward. Winter pea (Pisum sativum L. spp. sativum), arrow leaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi.), and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) were the most productive CSL in this trial. Austrian winter pea produced 8.41 t Dm ha-1 with a total

关键词： Annual Legumes Soil N Soil Organic C Green manure Deer Browse Forage Cropping Systems

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Legume Green manure and Intercropping for High Biomass Sorghum Production

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 605-621页

作者： Clark B. Neely Francis m. Rouquette Jr. Cristine L. S. morgan Frank m. Hons william L. Rooney Gerald R. Smith Department of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&m AgriLife Research Overton TX USA Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Before the advent of cheap, synthetic fertilizers, legumes were commonly used as green manure crops for their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N). A three-year study at Overton, TX examined legume integration into high-biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) production systems on a Lilbert loamy fine sand recently cultivated after a fertilized bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pasture. In this split-split plot design, ‘Dixie’ crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and ‘Iron and Clay’ cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) were integrated into a high-biomass sorghum production system to evaluate impacts on N concentration, C concentration, and yield of high-biomass sorghum and their impacts on soil total N and soil organic carbon (SOC). main plots were split into crimson clover green manure (CLGm) and winter fallow (FALL) followed by three sub-plots split into warm-season crop rotations: cowpea green manure (CPGm), cowpea-sorghum intercrop (CPSR), and sorghum monocrop (SORG). Three N fertilizer treatments (0, 45, 90 kg N∙ha−1) were randomized and applied as sub-sub plots. The CLGm increased (P sorghum biomass yield (16.5 t Dm∙ha−1) 28% in year three but had no effect in the first two years. The CPSR treatment reduced sorghum yield up to 62% compared to SORG;whereas CPGm increased sorghum yield 56% and 18% the two years following cowpea incorporation. Rate of N fertilizer had no effect on sorghum biomass yield. Decrease in SOC and soil N over time indicated mineralization of organic N and may explain why no N fertilizer response was observed in sorghum biomass yield. Cowpea showed strong potential as a green manure crop but proved to be too competitive for successful intercropping in high-biomass sorghum production systems.

关键词： High-Biomass Sorghum Legumes Green manure Intercrop Cowpea Crimson Clover Soil Organic Carbon Soil Nitrogen

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Competition between Coral and Algae in Tertiary and Quaternary Reefs: Greenhouse to Icehouse Transitions

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第1期15卷 94-107页

作者： Belkasim Khameiss Richard Fluegeman william Hoyt Shawn malone Ahmed muftah Kansas Geological Survey Lawrence USA Department of Earth Sciences University of Benghazi Faculty of Science Benghazi Libya Department of Environment Geology and Natural Resources Ball State University Muncie USA Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of Northern Colorado Greeley USA Department of Geosciences University of Wisconsin—Green Bay Green Bay USA

The competition between coral and algae in marine reefs is pervasive through geologic time;that competition determines the structure and composition of reef communities, which we see in the fossil record. However, the relationships between coral and calcareous algae in reefs are poorly understood. To study this relationship, several hand samples and thin sections were examined from nine different foralgal reef localities around the world. Foralgal reefs typically extend from about 20 m depth or shallower on the seaward side of the reef. The first section is Salt mountain, Alabama, which preserves a Paleocene reef. It contains a high percentage of red coralline algae with benthic foraminifera. The second section is IDOP-U1376, IIA Limestone, it is middle Eocene, in the form of an isolated reef sandwiched between two igneous beds. The third section is the Utoe’ Limestone, New Caledonia, it is middle Eocene in age and is composed mainly of grain-boundstone units with some igneous interlayered. The fourth section is the Darnah Formation in the West-Darnah roadcut section, Northeast Libya, it is middle Eocene in age, it is composed of highly fossiliferous limestone (corals, red coralline algae, echinoids, mollusks, foraminifers, and bryozoans). The fifth section, the Al Bayda Formation (Algal Limestone member) in Northeast Libya, is in the Drayanah—Al Abyar roadcut, Northeast Libya, it has several species of algae but also includes a high percentage of buildups of coral species. The sixth section is the Oligo-miocene Al Faidiyah Formation (Al Fatayah Cement Quarry) limestone unit in Northeast Libya. The seventh section is (Core-core 20) late-early to middle miocene Limestone Unit-Cicuco Field, NW Colombia. The eighth section is the Benghazi Formation at Benghazi Cement Quarry, in Northeast Libya, it is fossiliferous limestone, consisting of coral, algae, mollusks, and echinoids. The ninth and tenth sections are Quaternary reefs in the Bahamas and the Florida Keys, respectively. These reefs contain a high percentage of

关键词： Utoe’ Limestone New Caledonia Benghazi Formation at Benghazi Cement Quarry Is IDOP-U1376 IIA Limestone It Is middle Eocene

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Decision-making and management of Self-Care in Persons with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries: A Preliminary Study

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2024年第2期14卷 47-63页

作者： Paul E. Plonski Jasmin Vassileva Ryan Shahidi Paul B. Perrin william Carter Lance L. Goetz Amber Brochetti James m. Bjork Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Richmond Veterans Affairs medical Center Richmond VA USA Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Department of Psychology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Department of Physical medicine and Rehabilitation Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Department of Spinal Cord Injury Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center Cleveland OH USA Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA

Patients and physicians understand the importance of self-care following spinal cord injury (SCI), yet many individuals with SCI do not adhere to recommended self-care activities despite logistical supports. Neurobehavioral determinants of SCI self-care behavior, such as impulsivity, are not widely studied, yet understanding them could inform efforts to improve SCI self-care. We explored associations between impulsivity and self-care in an observational study of 35 US adults age 18 - 50 who had traumatic SCI with paraplegia at least six months before assessment. The primary outcome measure was self-reported self-care. In LASSO regression models that included all neurobehavioral measures and demographics as predictors of self-care, dispositional measures of greater impulsivity (negative urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance), and reduced mindfulness were associated with reduced self-care. Outcome (magnitude) sensitivity, a latent decision-making parameter derived from computationally modeling successive choices in a gambling task, was also associated with self-care behavior. These results are preliminary;more research is needed to demonstrate the utility of these findings in clinical settings. Information about associations between impulsivity and poor self-care in people with SCI could guide the development of interventions to improve SCI self-care and help patients with elevated risks related to self-care and secondary health conditions.

关键词： Spinal Cord Injury Self-Care Decision-making Paraplegia Impulsive Behavior Health Care

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Plant growth and metabolism of exotic and native Crotalaria species for mine land rehabilitation in the Amazon

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 143-154页

作者： Hemelyn Soares das Chagas Rafael Silva Guedes markus Gastauer Paula Godinho Ribeiro Allan Klynger da Silva Lobato Cecílio Frois Caldeira Fabrício william deÁvila AndréRodrigues dos Reis Silvio Junio Ramos Instituto Tecnológico Vale Rua Boaventura da Silva955BelémPA 66055-090Brazil Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará XinguaraPABrazil Núcleo de Pesquisa Vegetal Básica e Aplicada Universidade Federal Rural da AmazôniaParagominasPABrazil Departamento de Engenharia Florestal Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste/UNICENTROIratiPRBrazil School of Sciences and Engineering São Paulo State University(UNESP)TupãSP.CEP 17602-496Brazil

Despite its enormous benefits,mining is respon-sible for intense changes to vegetation and soil properties.Thus,after extraction,it is necessary to rehabilitate the mined areas,creating better conditions for the establishment of plant species which is challenging.This study evaluated mineral and organic fertilization on the growth,and carbon and nitrogen(N)metabolism of two Crotalaria species[Cro-talaria spectabilis(exotic species)and Crotalaria maypu-rensis(native species from Carajás mineral Province(CmP)]established on a waste pile from an iron mine in CmP.A control(without fertilizer application)and six fertilization mixtures were tested(i=NPK;ii=NPK+micronutrients;iii=NPK+micronutrients+organic compost;iv=PK;v=PK+micronutrients;vi=PK+micronutrients+organic compost).Fertilization contributed to increased growth of both species,and treatments with NPK and micronutrients had the best results(up to 257%cf.controls),while organic fertilization did not show differences.Exotic Crotalaria had a greater number of nodules,higher nodule dry mass,chlorophyll a and b contents and showed free ammonium as the predominant N form,reflecting greater increments in biomass compared to native species.Although having lower growth,the use of this native species in the rehabilitation of mining areas should be considered,mainly because it has good development and meets current government legislation as an opportunity to restore local biodiversity.

关键词： Biological nitrogen fixation mining Nitrogen metabolism Plant nutrition

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Vertical plane depth-resolved surface potential and carrier separation characteristics in flexible CZTSSe solar cells with over 12% efficiency

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Carbon Energy 2024年第3期6卷 36-52页

作者： Dae-Ho Son Ha Kyung Park Dae-Hwan Kim Jin-Kyu Kang Shi-Joon Sung Dae-Kue Hwang Jaebaek Lee Dong-Hwan Jeon Yunae Cho william Jo Taeseon Lee JunHo Kim Sang-Hoon Nam Kee-Jeong Yang Division of Energy Technology DGISTDaeguRepublic of Korea Research Center for Thin Film Solar Cells DGISTDaeguRepublic of Korea Department of Physics Ewha Womans UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Department of Physics Incheon National UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea Department of mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA

Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4(CZTSSe)solar cells have resource distribution and economic advantages.The main cause of their low efficiency is carrier loss resulting from recombination of photo-generated electron and hole.To overcome this,it is important to understand their electron-hole behavior characteristics.To determine the carrier separation characteristics,we measured the surface potential and the local current in terms of the absorber depth.The elemental variation in the intragrains(IGs)and at the grain boundaries(GBs)caused a band edge shift and bandgap(Eg)change.At the absorber surface and subsurface,an upward Ec and Ev band bending structure was observed at the GBs,and the carrier separation was improved.At the absorber center,both upward Ec and Ev and downward Ec-upward Ev band bending structures were observed at the GBs,and the carrier separation was degraded.To improve the carrier separation and suppress carrier recombination,an upward Ec and Ev band bending structure at the GBs is desirable.

关键词： carrier separation CZTSSe flexible solar cell local current surface potential

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SiP的模块化发展趋势

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电子与封装 2024年第7期 25-32页

作者： william Koh Pacrim Technology Inc.

系统级封装（Si P）技术已广泛应用于移动设备、可穿戴设备、健康和医疗设备、人工智能（AI）、物联网（Io T）和汽车电子。Si P采用异构集成的方式，将各种芯片和元件集成到一个封装中，以实现特定功能，并具有节省电路板空间、简化布... 详细信息

系统级封装（Si P）技术已广泛应用于移动设备、可穿戴设备、健康和医疗设备、人工智能（AI）、物联网（Io T）和汽车电子。Si P采用异构集成的方式，将各种芯片和元件集成到一个封装中，以实现特定功能，并具有节省电路板空间、简化布局设计和降低制造成本等优势。随着电子组件的小型化发展方向不断持续，一些Si P已经发展成为模块或系统级模块（Si m），可以直接连接并安装到器件中。回顾了Si P从多芯片模块（mCm）、多芯片封装（mCP）到高级芯粒封装和共封装光学器件（CPO）的演变。未来几年，更多的Si P将变成Si m，直接连接器件或系统。

关键词：系统级封装系统级模块多芯片模块

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Evaluation of the Inhibitory Gel Aloe vera against Corrosion of Reinforcement Concrete in NaCl medium

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materials Sciences and Applications 2024年第5期15卷 101-112页

作者： malang Bodian Dame Keinde Kinda Hannawi modou Fall Aveline Darquennes Prince william Agbodjan Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Organique et d’ Analyse Environnementales (LCPOAE) D&#233partement de Chimie Universit&#233 Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Dakar Senegal Laboratoire de Gé nie Civil et G&#233nie M&#233canique (LGCGM) INSA Rennes Universit&#233 de Rennes Rennes France Civil Engineering materials Laboratory (LmGC) Ecole Sup&#233rieure Polytechnique de Dakar (Senegal) Universit&#233 Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar S&#233n&#233gal

most reinforced concrete structures in seaside locations suffer from corrosion damage to the reinforcement, limiting their durability and necessitating costly repairs. To improve their performance and durability, we have investigated in this paper Aloe vera extracts as a green corrosion inhibitor for reinforcing steel in NaCl environments. Using electrochemical methods (zero-intensity chronopotentiometry, Tafel lines and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), this experimental work investigated the effect of these Aloe vera (AV) extracts on corrosion inhibition of concrete reinforcing bar (HA, diameter 12mm) immersed in a 0.5m NaCl solution. The results show that Aloe vera extracts have an average corrosion-inhibiting efficacy of around 86% at an optimum concentration of 20%.

关键词： Reinforced Concrete Green Inhibitor Corrosion Reinforcement Electrochemical methods

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Electrochemical Study of the Corrosion Inhibitory Capacity of Calcined Attapulgite in Reinforced Concrete medium

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Advances in materials Physics and Chemistry 2024年第5期14卷 76-94页

作者： malang Bodian Kinda Hannawi Dame Keinde modou Fall Aveline Darquennes Prince william Agbodjan Faculté des Sciences et Techniques D&#233partement de Chimie Universit&#233 Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (S&#233n&#233gal) Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Organique et d&#8217Analyse Environnementales (LCPOAE) Dakar Senegal Dé partement de G&#233nie Civil Universit&#233 de Rennes INSA Rennes Laboratoire de G&#233nie Civil et G&#233nie M&#233canique (LGCGM) Rennes France Dé partement de G&#233nie Civil Universit&#233 Cheikh Anta Diop Ecole Sup&#233rieure Polytechnique de Dakar (S&#233n&#233gal) Laboratoire de Mat&#233riaux de G&#233nie Civil (LMGC) Dakar Senegal

The durability of reinforced concrete structures is greatly influenced by the corrosion of the reinforcement. In addition to air pollution related to the repair of corroded structures, chloride ions are the main factors of corrosion of reinforced concrete structures. This study aims to valorize a clay inhibitor against reinforcement corrosion in reinforced concrete. This clay (Attapulgite) was incorporated into reinforced concretes at different percentages of substitution of calcined attapulgite (0%, 5% and 10%) to cement in the formulation. The corrosion inhibitory power of attapulgite is evaluated in reinforced concretes subjected to the action of chloride ions at different intervals in the NaCl solution (1 day, 21 days and 45 days) by electrochemical methods (zero current chronopotentiometry, polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy). This study showed that in the presence of chloride ions, the composition based on 10% attapulgite has an appreciable inhibitory effect with an average inhibitory efficiency of 82%.

关键词： Attapulgite Electrochemical methods Inhibitor Reinforced Concrete

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Extrahepatic cholestasis associated with paracoccidioidomycosis:Challenges in the differential diagnosis of biliopancreatic neoplasia

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第6期16卷 2531-2540页

作者： Jose Sebastiao dos Santos Vitor de moura Arrais william Jose Rosseto Ferreira Ricardo Ribeiro Correa Filho mariangela Ottoboni Brunaldi Rafael Kemp Ajith Kumar Sankanrakutty Jorge Elias Junior Fernando Bellissimo-Rodrigues Roberto martinez Edson Zangiacomi martinez Jose Celso Ardengh Faculdade de medicina de Ribeirao Preto da Universidade de Sao Paulo(FmRP-USP) Departamento de Cirurgia e AnatomiaRibeirao Preto 14049-900Sao PauloBrazil Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto da Universidade de Sao Paulo(FMRP-USP)Departamento de PatologiaRibeirao Preto 14048900Sao PauloBrazil Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto da Universidade de Sao Paulo(FMRP-USP)Departamento de Imagens MédicasHematologia e Oncologia ClínicaRibeirao Preto 14048900Sao PauloBrazil Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto da Universidade de Sao Paulo(FMRP-USP)Departamento de Medicina SocialRibeirao Preto 14015-010Sao PauloBrazil Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto da Universidade de Sao Paulo(FMRP-USP)Departamento de Clínica MédicaRibeirao Preto 14015-010Sao PauloBrazil Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto da Universidade de Sao Paulo(FMRP-USP)Departamento de Cirurgia e AnatomiaRibeirao Preto 14049-900Sao PauloBrazil and Hospital MoriahServico de Endoscopia DigestivaSao Paulo 04084-002Sao PauloBrazil

BACKGROUND Paracoccidioidomycosis(PCm)may involve the hepatic pedicle and peripan creatic lymph nodes,cause damage to the bile duct and manifest,exceptionally,in combination with extrahepatic cholestasis(EHC),making investigation and treatment challenging.AIm To investigate the management of patients with visceral PCm admitted with EHC.mETHODS All patients diagnosed with PCm treated in a public,tertiary teaching hospital between 1982 and 2020 were retrospectively evaluated.Those also identified with EHC were allocated to two groups according to the treatment approach for the purpose of comparing clinical,laboratory,and imaging findings,resources used for etiological diagnosis,treatment results,and prognosis.Statistical analyses were performed using the linear mixed-effects model(random and fixed effects),which was adjusted using the PROC mIXED procedure of the SAS®9.0 software,and Fisher’s exact test.RESULTS Of 1645 patients diagnosed with PCm,40(2.4%)had EHC.Of these,20(50.0%)lived in the rural area and 29(72.5%)were men,with a mean age of 27.1 years(3-65 years).Jaundice as first symptom and weight loss of at least 10 kg were observed in 16 patients(40.0%),and a mass in the head of the pancreas was observed in 8(20.0%).The etiological diagnosis was made by tissue collection during surgery in 4 cases(10.0%)and by endoscopic methods in 3 cases(7.5%).Twenty-seven patients(67.5%)received drug treatment alone(Group 1),whereas 13(32.5%)underwent endoscopic and/or surgical procedures in combination with drug treatment(Group 2).EHC was significantly reduced in both groups(40.7% in Group 1,with a mean time of 3 months;and 38.4% in Group 2,with a mean time of 7.5 months),with no statistically significant difference between them.EHC recurrence rates,associated mainly with treatment nonadherence,were similar in both groups:37% in Group 1 and 15.4% in Group 2.The mortality rate was 18.5% in Group 1 and 23% in Group 2,with survival estimates of 71.3% and 72.5%,respectively,with no statistically significant difference.CONCLUSI

关键词： Cholestasis Jaundice Obstructive Blastomycosis Paracoccidioides Diagnosis Treatment

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