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Gastrointestinal and liver disease in patients with schizophrenia:A narrative review

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第38期28卷 5515-5529页

作者： Rebecca K Grant William M Brindle mhairi C Donnelly Pauline m mcConville Thomas G Stroud Lorenzo Bandieri John N Plevris The Centre for Liver and Digestive Disorders Royal Infirmary of EdinburghEdinburghEH164SAUnited Kingdom General Adult Psychiatry Royal Edinburgh HospitalEdinburghEH105HFUnited Kingdom

Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness which can have a devastating impact onan individual’s quality of life. Comorbidities are high amongst patients and lifeexpectancy is approximately 15 years less than the general population. Despite thewell-known increased mortality, little is known about the impact of gastrointestinaland liver disease on patients with schizophrenia. We aimed to reviewthe literature and to make recommendations regarding future care. Literaturesearches were performed on Pubmed to identify studies related to gastrointestinaland liver disease in patients with schizophrenia. High rates of chronic liverdisease were reported, with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease being of particularconcern;antipsychotics and metabolic syndrome were contributing factors. Ratesof acute liver failure were low but have been associated with antipsychotic useand paracetamol overdose. Coeliac disease has historically been linked to schizophrenia;however, recent research suggests that a causal link is yet to be proven.Evidence is emerging regarding the relationships between schizophrenia andpeptic ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome;clinical vigilance regarding these conditions should be high. Patients with schizophreniapoorly engage with bowel cancer screening programmes, leading to latediagnosis and increased mortality. Clozapine induced constipation is a significantissue for many patients and requires close monitoring. There is a significantburden of gastrointestinal and liver disease amongst patients with schizophrenia.Better levels of support from all members of the medical team are essential toensure that appropriate, timely care is provided.

关键词： Schizophrenia Gastrointestinal disease Liver disease mental health

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Tomato Ovary-to-Fruit Transition is Characterized by a Spatial Shift of mRNAs for Cell Wall Invertase and its Inhibitor with the Encoded Proteins Localized to Sieve Elements

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molecular Plant 2015年第2期8卷 315-328页

作者： william m. Palmer School of Environmental and Life Sciences The University of Newcastle NSW 2308 Callaghan Australia Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement The University of Newcastle NSW 2308 Callaghan Australia Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 300 Fenglin Road Shanghai 200032 China These authors contributed equally to the article. Present address: College of Life Sciences. Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 China

Central to understanding fruit development is to elucidate the processes mediating a successful transition from pre-pollination ovaries to newly set fruit, a key step in establishing fruit yield potential. In tomato, cell wall invertase （CWIN） LIN5 and its inhibitor INH1 are essential for fruit growth. However, the molecular and cellular basis by which they exert their roles in ovary-to-fruit transition remains unknown. To address this issue, we conducted a study focusing on ovaries and fruitlets at 2 days before and 2 days after anthesis, respectively. In situ hybridization analyses revealed that LIN5 and INH1 exhibited a dispersed expression in ovaries compared with their phloem-specific expression in fruitlets. Remarkably, LIN5 and INH1 proteins were immunologically co-localized to cell walls of sieve elements （SEs） in ovaries immediately prior to anthesis and in young fruitlets, but were undetectable in provascular bundles of younger ovaries. A burst in CWlN activity occurred during ovary-to-fruit transition. Interestingly, the ovaries, but not the fruit- lets, exhibited high expression of a defective invertase, SldeCWIN1, an ortholog of which is known to enhance inhibition of INH on CWlN activity in tobacco. Imaging of a fluorescent symplasmic tracer indicated an apoplasmic phloem unloading pathway operated in ovaries, contrary to the previously observed symplasmic unloading pathway in fruit pericarp. These new data indicate that （1） a phloem-specific patterning of the CWIN and INH mRNAs is induced during ovary-to-fruit transition, and （2） LIN5 protein functions specifically in walls of SEs and increases its activity during ovary-to-fruit transition, probably to facilitate phloem unloading and to generate a glucose signal positively regulating cell division, hence fruit set.

关键词： fruit set invertase invertase inhibitor phloem unloading sugar signaling

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The acidic pathway of bile acid synthesis: Not just an alternative pathway

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Liver Research 2019年第2期3卷 88-98页

作者： william m.Pandak Genta Kakiyama Department of Internal medicine Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA Department of Veterans Affairs RichmondVAUSA

Over the last two decades,the prevalence of obesity,and metabolic syndromes(mS)such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2Dm),have dramatically increased.Bile acids play a major role in the digestion,absorption of nutrients,and the body's redistribution of absorbed lipids as a function of their chemistry and signaling properties.As a result,a renewed interest has developed in the bile acid metabolic pathways with the challenge of gaining insight into novel treatment approaches for this rapidly growing healthcare problem.Of the two major pathways of bile acid synthesis in the liver,the foremost role of the acidic(alternative)pathway is to generate and control the levels of regulatory oxysterols that help control cellular cholesterol and lipid homeostasis.Cholesterol transport to mitochondrial sterol 27-hydroxylase(CYP27A1)by steroidogenic acute regulatory protein(StarD1),and the subsequent 7a-hydroxylation of oxysterols by oxysterol 7a-hydroxylase(CYP7B1)are the key regulatory steps of the pathway.Recent observations suggest CYP7B1 to be the ultimate controller of cellular oxysterol levels.This review discusses the acidic pathway and its contribution to lipid,cholesterol,carbohydrate,and energy homeostasis.Additionally,discussed is how the acidic pathway's dysregulation not only leads to a loss in its ability to control cellular cholesterol and lipid homeostasis,but leads to inflammatory conditions.

关键词： Bile acids metabolic syndromes(mS) Cardiovascular disease(CVD) Inflammation Insulin resistance Oxysterols

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The relationship between controllability, optimal testing resource allocation, and incubation-latent period mismatch as revealed by COVID-19

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Infectious Disease modelling 2023年第2期8卷 514-538页

作者： Jeffery Demers william F.Fagan Sriya Potluri Justin m.Calabrese Center for Advanced Systems Understanding(CASUS) Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rosendorf(HZDR)G€orlitzGermany Dept.of Biology University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA Dept.of Ecological modelling Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZLeipzigGermany

The severe shortfall in testing supplies during the initial COVID-19 outbreak and ensuing struggle to manage the pandemic have affirmed the critical importance of optimal supplyconstrained resource allocation strategies for controlling novel disease epidemics.To address the challenge of constrained resource optimization for managing diseases with complications like pre-and asymptomatic transmission,we develop an integro partial differential equation compartmental disease model which incorporates realistic latent,incubation,and infectious period distributions along with limited testing supplies for identifying and quarantining infected individuals.Our model overcomes the limitations of typical ordinary differential equation compartmental models by decoupling symptom status from model compartments to allow a more realistic representation of symptom onset and presymptomatic transmission.To analyze the influence of these realistic features on disease controllability,we find optimal strategies for reducing total infection sizes that allocate limited testing resources between‘clinical’testing,which targets symptomatic individuals,and‘non-clinical’testing,which targets non-symptomatic individuals.We apply our model not only to the original,delta,and omicron COVID-19 variants,but also to generically parameterized disease systems with varying mismatches between latent and incubation period distributions,which permit varying degrees of presymptomatic transmission or symptom onset before infectiousness.We find that factors that decrease controllability generally call for reduced levels of non-clinical testing in optimal strategies,while the relationship between incubation-latent mismatch,controllability,and optimal strategies is complicated.In particular,though greater degrees of presymptomatic transmission reduce disease controllability,they may increase or decrease the role of nonclinical testing in optimal strategies depending on other disease factors like transmissibility and latent period length.Importantly,our model a

关键词： Testing quarantine control Optimal resource allocation Presymptomatic transmission Latent period Incubation period Age of infection

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The Aerosol-monsoon Climate System of Asia:A New Paradigm

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Journal of meteorological Research 2016年第1期30卷 1-11页

作者： william K.m.Lau Earth Science Interdisciplinary Center University of MarylandCollege Park

This commentary is based on a series of recent lectures on aerosol-monsoon interactions I gave at the Beijing Normal University in August 2015. A main theme of the lectures is on a new paradigm of ＂An Aerosol-monsoon-Climate-System＂, which posits that aerosol, like rainfall, cloud, and wind, is an integral component of the monsoon climate system, influencing monsoon weather and climate on m1 timescales. Here, salient issues discussed in my lectures and my personal perspective regarding interactions between atmospheric dynamics and aerosols from both natural and anthropogenic sources are summarized. my hope is that under this new paradigm, we can break down traditional disciplinary barriers, advance a deeper understanding of weather and climate in monsoon regions, as well as entrain a new generation of geoscientists to strive for a sustainable future for one of the most complex and challenging human-natural climate sub-system of the earth.

关键词： aerosol monsoon climate system interaction new paradigm

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Facebook posting activity and the selective amplification of earnings disclosures

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China Journal of Accounting Research 2019年第2期12卷 135-155页

作者： Rajib Hasan william m.Cready University of Houston United States The University of Texas at Dallas United States

This study examines the determinants of Facebook activity levels with a particular focus on Facebook activity around earnings announcements. Facebook activity is generally higher for firms with higher levels of analyst following,individual ownership, and trading volume, indicating that it is responsive to investor demand effects. Facebook activity also increases around earnings announcements, with the increase being largely attributable to posts containing earnings news. In general, therefore, firms use Facebook posts to amplify earnings news. Such activity is selective, however;it is lower for firms with high levels of information asymmetry, for firms reporting earnings that exactly meet the consensus analyst forecast amount, and when the earnings news is negative but the accompanying price movement is positive. Hence, firms appear to use Facebook to manage the level of attention paid to earnings news.

关键词： Social media Disclosures Earnings announcements

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Industry mix and Curvilinear Spillovers from FDI in China

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Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2013年第4期8卷 535-551页

作者： william m. Tracy Lally School of management and Technology Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY 12309 USA

This paper uses industry and province specific Chinese industrial data to demonstrate a potential causal link between two strands of the FDI literature. The first strand suggests that the impact of spillovers from inward FDI is less robust in middle-income economies than in either high-income or low-income economies. The second strand suggests diminishing returns of inward FDI on horizontal labor productivity in low-technology industries but not in high-technology industries. This paper suggests a link between these two phenomena. Specifically, if both FDI intensity and industry mix vary with the level of economic development, then an industry-dependent relationship between inward FDI and horizontal spillovers could cause middle-income economies to derive fewer benefits from inward FDI than either high- or low-income economies. This paper also verifies the curvilinear relationship between FDI in low-technology industries and horizontal labor productivity without relying on problematic FDI from Hong Kong, Taiwan and macao.

关键词： foreign direct investment curvilinear China spillovers

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食管腺癌的化学预防

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Gastroenterology Report 2020年第4期8卷 253-260,I0001页

作者： Erik J.Snider Andrew m.Kaz John m.Inadomi william m.Grady Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWAUSA Gastroenterology Section VA Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA Clinical Research Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWAUSA

食管腺癌(EAC)是癌症相关死亡的一个主要原因,尤其是在西方人群中,而在亚洲人群中EAC病例也急剧增长。几乎所有的EAC都是由Barrett食管(BE)这一癌前病变进展而来,BE是EAC最重要的危险因素。然而,BE进展为EAC的比例是非常低的,并且BE患... 详细信息

食管腺癌(EAC)是癌症相关死亡的一个主要原因,尤其是在西方人群中,而在亚洲人群中EAC病例也急剧增长。几乎所有的EAC都是由Barrett食管(BE)这一癌前病变进展而来,BE是EAC最重要的危险因素。然而,BE进展为EAC的比例是非常低的,并且BE患者通常是无症状的。因此,任何EAC预防策略都必须是低危害的,这样才能具有临床价值。由于目前的EAC筛查方法和BE监测方法都存在技术上的风险,而且医疗负担沉重,因此,药物及饮食等化学预防就显得十分必要。目前已有多种可能的化学预防方案被尝试应用。研究最多的是质子泵抑制剂(PPI),其对于BE患者有一定的EAC化学预防效果。最近的一项随机试验显示,高剂量PPI比低剂量PPI更加有效。一些质量尚可的观察性及随机对照试验也证实了阿斯匹林及其他非甾体抗炎药的预防效果,但其对人体的较大危害使其无法在临床常规应用。其他方案(如他汀类药物、二甲双胍、雌激素)并没有获得足够的证据支持其用于EAC化学预防。尽管在EAC化学预防方面已取得了较大的进展,但仍然需要探索更加安全有效的化学预防方案。

关键词： Barrett’s esophagus esophageal adenocarcinoma chemoprevention

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Application of SWAN model for storm generated wave simulation in the Canadian Beaufort Sea

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2020年第1期5卷 19-34页

作者： md.Azharul Hoque william Perrie Steven m.Solomon Natural Resources Canada Bedford Institute of OceanographyDartmouthNova Scotia B2Y 4A2Canada Fisheries and Ocean Canada Bedford Institute of OceanographyDartmouthNova Scotia B2Y 4A2Canada

The wave model SWAN(Simulating WAves Nearshore)is implemented for the Canadian Beaufort Sea and storm generated waves are investigated through comparisons between in situ buoy observations and numerical simulations.Simulations are performed for four storms using the SWAN wave model.We specifically use SWAN’s non-stationary and two-dimensional modes in a fine resolution nested domain within a coarse resolution domain.Two established whitecapping formulations in SWAN are examined;one is dependent on mean spectral wave steepness and the other is on local spectral steepness.model simulations in the shallow fine resolution domain also consider the effects of bottom friction and nonlinear triad interactions.For the Beaufort Sea study area,wave simulations in which the white capping formulation is dependent on local spectral steepness are better than those where the dependency is on mean spectral steepness;however implementation of bottom friction term and triad mechanisms in the present study does not lead to any notable enhancement in the simulations.

关键词： Arctic Ocean Beaufort Sea mackenzie delta Storm waves SWAN.

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L13a-dependent translational control in macrophages imits the pathogenesis of colitis

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2016年第6期13卷 816-827页

作者： Darshana Poddar Ravinder Kaur william m Baldwin III Barsanjit mazumder Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease Department of Biology Geology and Environmental Sciences Cleveland State University Cleveland OH USA Department of Immunology Cleveland Clinic Lemer College of Medicine Cleveland OH USA

Sustained inflammation from infiltrated immune cells plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis （UC）. Previously, we established the role of ribosomal protein L13a in the regulation of an inflammation-responsive post-transcriptional operon in myeloid cells. However, the role of this protein as a molecular cue to control the severity of colitis is not known. Here, we examined whether L13a-dependent translational control in macrophages could serve as an endogenous defense against colitis. The administration of dextran sodium sulfate induced experimental colitis in myeloid-specific L13a-knockout （KO） and control mice. Pathological scoring and injury to the colon mucosa evaluated the severity of colitis. The steady-state levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were determined through ELISA and polyribosome profile analysis. Rapid weight loss, severe rectal bleeding, shortening of the colon, and significantly reduced survival rate were observed in the KO mice. Histopathological analysis of the colons of KO mice showed a severe disruption of epithelial crypts with immune cell infiltrates. Elevated levels of several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and abrogation of their naturally imposed translational silencing were observed in the colons of the KO mice. Higher serum levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and the release of gut bacteria and endotoxins into the blood streams of KO mice were detected, suggesting the amplification of the inflammatory response to septicemia. Taken together, these results reveal an essential role for L13a in the endogenous protection against UC and demonstrate the potential for new therapeutic opportunities through the deliberate promotion of this mechanism.

关键词： inflammation L13a, macrophages, translational control ulcerative colitis

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