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High-throughput molecular gut content analysis of aphids identifies plants relevant for potato virus Y epidemioiogy

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Insect Science 2024年第5期31卷 1489-1502页

作者： william Jacob Pitt william Rodney Cooper Derek Pouchnik Heather Headrick Punya Nachappa Department of Agricultural Biology Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA USDA-ARS Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit WapatoWashingtonUSA Laboratory for Biotechnology and BioanalysisWashington State University PullmanWashingtonUSA Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center Washington State UniversityWenatcheeWashingtonUSA

Aphids are phloem-feeding insects that reduce crop productivity due to feeding and transmission of plant *** aphids disperse across the landscape to colonize new host plants,they will often probe on a wide variety of nonhost plants before settling on a host suitable for feeding and *** is limited understanding of the diversity of plants that aphids probe on within a landscape,and characterizing this diversity can help us better understand host use patterns of ***,we used gut content analysis(GCA)to identify plant genera that were probed by aphid vectors of potato virus Y(PVY).Aphids were trapped weekly near potato fields during the growing seasons of 2020 and 2021 in San Luis Valley in ***-throughput sequencing of plant barcoding genes,trnF and ITS2,from 200 individual alate(i.e.,winged)aphids representing nine vector species of PVY was performed using the PacBio sequencing platform,and sequences were identi-fied to genus using NCBI *** found that 34.7%of aphids probed upon presumed PVY host plants and that two of the most frequently detected plant genera,Solanum and Brassica,represent important crops and weeds within the study *** found that 75%of aphids frequently probed upon PVY nonhosts including many species that are outside of their reported host ***,19%of aphids probed upon more than one plant *** study provides the first evidence from high-throughput molecular GCA of aphids and reveals host use patterns that are relevant for PVY epidemiology.

关键词： aphids epidemiology gut content analysis insect ecology plant-insect in-teractions plant disease

Forty years of HIV research inspires the development of SARS-CoV-2 therapy

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2023年第10期15卷 1-4页

作者： Roberto Patarca william A.Haseltine ACCESS Health International RidgefieldCT 06877USA

Almost four decades ago,the characterization of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1)genome with the participation of the Haseltine laboratory at Harvard Medical School(Ratner et al.,1985)ushered in the antiretroviral era and established the framework for the genomic-and later multiple omics-based development of targeted antiviral *** with pandemic HIV-1 taught us that multitargeted combination antiviral therapy is needed to control pathogens that rapidly adapt to selective pressures from the immune system,vaccines,and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies.

关键词： drugs targeted

The Aerosol-Monsoon Climate System of Asia:A New Paradigm

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2016年第1期30卷 1-11页

作者： william K.M.Lau Earth Science Interdisciplinary Center University of MarylandCollege Park

This commentary is based on a series of recent lectures on aerosol-monsoon interactions I gave at the Beijing Normal University in August 2015. A main theme of the lectures is on a new paradigm of ＂An Aerosol-Monsoon-Climate-System＂, which posits that aerosol, like rainfall, cloud, and wind, is an integral component of the monsoon climate system, influencing monsoon weather and climate on M1 timescales. Here, salient issues discussed in my lectures and my personal perspective regarding interactions between atmospheric dynamics and aerosols from both natural and anthropogenic sources are summarized. My hope is that under this new paradigm, we can break down traditional disciplinary barriers, advance a deeper understanding of weather and climate in monsoon regions, as well as entrain a new generation of geoscientists to strive for a sustainable future for one of the most complex and challenging human-natural climate sub-system of the earth.

关键词： aerosol monsoon climate system interaction new paradigm

Air-sea Interaction of Typhoon Sinlaku (2002) Simulated by the Canadian MC2 Model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2006年第4期23卷 521-530页

作者：任雪娟 william PERRIE Department of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University Bedford Institute of Oceanography P. O. Box 1006 DartmouthNSB2Y 4A2Canada

Three experiments for the simulation of typhoon Sinlaku （2002） over the western North Pacific are performed in this study by using the Canadian Mesoscale Compressible Community （MC2） atmospheric model. The objective of these simulations is to investigate the air-sea interaction during extreme weather conditions, and to determine the sensitivity of the typhoon evolution to the sea surface temperature （SST） cooling induced by the typhoon. It is shown from the three experiments that the surface heat fluxes have a substantial influence on the slow-moving cyclone over its lifetime. When the SST in the East China coastal ocean becomes 1℃ cooler in the simulation, less latent heat and sensible heat fluxes from the underlying ocean to the cyclone tend to reduce the typhoon intensity. The cyclone is weakened by 7 hPa at the time of its peak intensity. The SST cooling also has impacts on the vertical structure of the typhoon by weakening the warm core and drying the eye wall. With a finer horizontal resolution of （1/6）° × （1/6）°, the model produces higher surface wind, and therefore more surface heat fluxes are emitted from the ocean surface to the cyclone, in the finer-resolution MC2 grid compared with the relatively lower resolution of 0.25° × 0.25° MC2 grid.

关键词： typhoon air-sea interaction SST cooling MC2

First-principles-based prediction of yield strength in the RhIrPdPtNiCu high-entropy alloy

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npj Computational Materials 2019年第1期5卷 1017-1023页

作者： Binglun Yin william A.Curtin Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics Modeling(LAMMM)and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials(NCCR MARVEL) École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland

High-entropy alloys are random alloys with five or more components,often near equi-composition,that often exhibit excellent mechanical *** the design of new materials across the wide composition space requires an ability to compute necessary underlying material parameters via ab initio ***,density functional theory is used to compute the elemental misfit volumes,alloy lattice constant,elastic constants,and stable stacking fault energy in the fcc noble metal *** properties are then used in a recent theory for the temperature and strain-rate dependent yield *** parameter-free prediction of 583 MPa is in excellent agreement with the measured value of 527 *** quantitative connection between alloy composition and yield strength,without any experimental input,motivates this general density functional theory-based methodological path for exploring new potential high-strength high-entropy alloys,in this and other alloy classes,with the chemical accuracy of first-principles methods.

关键词： alloy strength properties.

The evolving ENSO observing system

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National Science Review 2018年第6期5卷 805-807页

作者： Dake Chen Neville Smith william Kessler State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of Oceanography

El Nio–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)is by far the most energetic and influential short-term climate variability on our planet, originating from an instability of the large-scale ocean-atmosphere interaction in the tr... 详细信息

关键词： The evolving ENSO observing system TAO

Linking uplift and mineralisation at the Mount Novit Zn-Pb-Ag Deposit,Northern Australia:Evidence from geology,U-Pb geochronology and sphalerite geochemistry

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第2期13卷 333-350页

作者： Bradley Cave william Perkins Richard Lilly Department of Earth Sciences University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia Geological Survey of Queensland BrisbaneQLDAustralia

The subeconomic Mount Novit Zn-Pb-Ag deposit is located approximately 20 km south of Mount Isa,*** contrast to the nearby Mount Isa,Hilton and George Fisher Zn-Pb-Ag deposits,mineralisation at Mount Novit is situated to the west of the regional-scale Mount Isa Fault and is hosted in the Moondarra Siltstone as opposed to the Urquhart ***-grade(10 wt.%Zn+Pb)mineralisation occurs as a matrix supported breccia dominated by sphalerite and pyrrhotite with galena,pyrite,and ***-situ U-Pb geochronology was completed on apatite and two textural varieties of ***-grained(10 ppm),possibly reflecting the leaching of the metals from an underlying basement *** GGIMFis geothermometer(Frenzel et al.,2016)produced a mean formation temperature of 345±52℃.The timing and temperature of Zn-Pb-Ag mineralisation is consistent with the age and cooling temperature of apatite presented in this *** on these correlations,we

关键词： Mount Isa Mount Novit Zn-Pb-Ag mineralisation Monazite Apatite Geochronology

Differential Privacy via a Truncated and Normalized Laplace Mechanism

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2022年第2期37卷 369-388页

作者： william Croft Jorg-Rudiger Sack Wei Shi School of Computer Science Carleton UniversityOttawa K1S 5B6Canada School of Information Technology Carleton UniversityOttawa K1S 5B6Canada

When querying databases containing sensitive information,the privacy of individuals stored in the database has to be *** guarantees are provided by differentially private mechanisms which add controlled noise to the query ***,most such mechanisms do not take into consideration the valid range of the query being ***,noisy responses that fall outside of this range may potentially be *** rectify this and therefore improve the utility of the mechanism,the commonly-used Laplace distribution can be truncated to the valid range of the query and then ***,such a data-dependent operation of normalization leaks additional information about the true query response,thereby violating the differential privacy ***,we propose a new method which preserves the differential privacy guarantee through a careful determination of an appropriate scaling parameter for the Laplace *** adapt the privacy guarantee in the context of the Laplace distribution to account for data-dependent normalization factors and study this guarantee for different classes of range constraint *** provide derivations of the optimal scaling parameter(i.e.,the minimal value that preserves differential privacy)for each class or provide an approximation *** a result of this work,one can use the Laplace distribution to answer queries in a range-adherent and differentially private *** demonstrate the benefits of our proposed method of normalization,we present an experimental comparison against other range-adherent *** show that our proposed approach is able to provide improved utility over the alternative mechanisms.

关键词： differential privacy Laplace mechanism query range constraint

Implications of membrane fouling toward the removal of the pharmaceutical sulfamethoxazole by nanofiltration processes

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2011年第8期12卷 575-582页

作者： Alexander SIMON william PRICE Long Duc NGHIEM School of Civil Mining and Environmental Engineering the University of Wollongong School of Chemistry the University of Wollongong

The influence of membrane fouling on the retention of the trace organic contaminant sulfamethoxazole by a nanofiltration(NF) process was *** fouling caused a severe flux decline possibly due to pore blocking and adsorption directly after the commencement of the fouling layer *** membrane-foulant interactions were absent for colloidal fouling,which resulted in a more gradual flux *** charge played a significant role in the separation process of inorganic salts,where the retention was the highest in a caustic environment(high pH) due to more swollen membrane material caused by the higher negative charge on the *** fouling and a combination of colloidal and organic fouling led to a significant increase in the membrane negative *** influence of membrane fouling on solute retention was dependent on the fouling behaviour and the physicochemical properties of the model foulants,where the model foulants probably contributed to an increase in the retention of charged solutes due to enhanced electrostatic *** fouling caused an increase in the retention of inorganic salts and sulfamethoxazole due to pore *** contrast,colloidal fouling caused a decrease in the retention of inorganic salts due to cake-enhanced concentration ***,the presence of a colloidal fouling layer did not reduce the retention of sulfamethoxazole.A mixture of colloidal and organic matter improved the retention of inorganic salts.A similar conclusion can be inferred for sulfamethoxazole at pH 4 when the compound exists in a neutral form.

关键词： Nanofiltration(NF) Organic fouling Colloidal fouling Combined fouling Trace organics Water reuse