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Decomposition of biomass gasification tar model compounds over waste tire pyrolysis char

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2022年第2期4卷 75-89页

作者： Amal S.Al-Rahbi paul t.williams Present address:Applied Sciences Department Higher College of TechnologyUniversity of Technology and Applied SciencesMuscatSultanate of Oman School of Chemical and Process Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK

Gasification of biomass produces a syngas containing trace amounts of viscous hydrocarbon tar,which causes serious problems in downstream pipelines,valves and processing *** study focuses on the use of tire-derived pyrolysis char for tar conversion using biomass tar model compounds representative of *** catalytic decomposition of tar model compounds,including methylnaphthalene,furfural,phenol,and toluene,over tire char was investigated using a fixed bed reactor at a bed temperature of 700℃and 60 min time on *** influence of temperature,reaction time,porous texture,and acidity of the tire char was investigated with the use of methylnaphthalene as the tar model *** tar model compounds were found to have higher conversion than those containing a single or multi-aromatic *** reactivity of tar compounds followed the order of furfural>phenol>toluene>*** conversion of the model compounds in the presence of the tire char was much higher than tar thermal *** production increased dramatically with the introduction of tire *** H_(2)potential for the studied tar model compounds was found to be in the range of 40%–50%.the activity of tire char for naphthalene removal was compared with two commercial activated carbons possessing a very well-developed porous *** results suggest that the influence of Brunauer-Emmett-teller surface area of the carbon on tar cracking is negligible compared with the mineral content in the carbon samples.

关键词： Biomass Gasification Syngas tar tire Char

Co-pyrolysis-catalytic steam reforming of cellulose/lignin with polyethylene/polystyrene for the production of hydrogen

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2020年第3期2卷 177-191页

作者： kaltume Akubo Mohamad Anas Nahil paul t.williams School of Chemical and Process Engineering University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK

Co-pyrolysis of biomass biopolymers(lignin and cellulose)with plastic wastes(polyethylene and polystyrene)coupled with downstream catalytic steam reforming of the pyrolysis gases for the production of a hydrogen-rich syngas is *** catalyst used was 10 wt.%nickel supported on *** influence of the process parameters of temperature and the steam flow rate was examined to optimize hydrogen and syngas *** cellulose/plastic mixtures produced higher hydrogen yields compared with the lignin/plastic ***,the impact of raising the catalytic steam reform-ing temperature from 750 to 850 ℃was more marked for lignin *** example,the hydrogen yield for cellulose/polyethylene at a catalyst temperature of 750 ℃was 50.3 mmol g^(−1) and increased to 60.0 mmol g^(−1) at a catalyst temperature of 850°***,for the lignin/polyethylene mixture,the hydrogen yield increased from 25.0 to 50.0 mmol g^(−1) repre-senting a twofold increase in hydrogen *** greater influence on hydrogen and yield for the lignin/plastic mixtures compared to the cellulose/plastic mixtures is suggested to be due to the overlapping thermal degradation profiles of lignin and the polyethylene and *** input of steam to the catalyst reactor produced catalytic steam reforming conditions and a marked increase in hydrogen *** influence of increased steam input to the process was greater for the lignin/plastic mixtures compared to the cellulose/plastic mixtures,again linked to the overlapping thermal degradation profiles of the lignin and the plastics.A comparison of the Ni/MCM-41 catalyst with Ni/Al_(2)O_(3) and Ni/Y-zeolite-supported catalysts showed that the Ni/Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst gave higher yields of hydrogen and syngas.

关键词： Biomass Plastics Catalysis Hydrogen Cellulose Lignin

three-stage pyrolysis–steam reforming–water gas shift processing of household,commercial and industrial waste plastics for hydrogen production

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2024年第1期6卷 25-37页

作者： Rayed Alshareef Robert Sait-Stewart Mohamad A.Nahil paul t.williams School of Chemical and Process Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK

Five common single plastics and nine different household,commercial and industrial waste plastics were processed using a three-stage(i)pyrolysis,(ii)catalytic steam reforming and(iii)water gas shift reaction system to produce *** of plastics produces a range of different hydrocarbon species which are subsequently catalytically steam reformed to produce H_(2)and CO and then undergo water gas shift reaction to produce further H_(2).the process mimics the commercial process for hydrogen production from natural *** of the single polyalkene plastics(high-density polyethylene(HDPE),low-density polyethylene(LDPE),and polypropylene(PP))produced similar H_(2)yields between 115 mmol and 120 mmol per gram *** though PS produced an aromatic product slate from the pyrolysis stage,further stages of reforming and water gas shift reaction produced a gas yield and composition similar to that of the polyalkene plastics(115 mmol H_(2)per gram plastic).PEt gave significantly lower H_(2)yield(41 mmol per gram plastic)due to the formation of mainly CO,CO_(2)and organic acids from the pyrolysis stage which were not conducive to further reforming and water gas shift reaction.A mixture of the single plastics typical of that found in municipal solid waste produced a H_(2)yield of 102 mmol per gram *** the gas yields and composition from the single plastics enabled an estimation of the yields from a simulated waste plastic mixture and a‘real-world’waste plastic mixture to be *** different household,commercial and industrial waste plastic mixtures produced H_(2)yields between 70 mmol and 107 mmol per gram *** H_(2)yield and gas composition from the single waste plastics gave an indication of the type of plastics in the mixed waste plastic samples.

关键词： Waste plastic Hydrogen Catalyst Pyrolysis reforming Water gas shift

Long-term tree productivity of a South Carolina coastal plain forest across a hydrology gradient

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2011年第1期4卷 67-76页

作者： william H.Conner Bo Song thomas M.williams Jeffery t.Vernon Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science Clemson UniversityGeorgetownSouth Carolina 29442USA

Aims In recent years,there has been an increased interest in examining changes in forest systems in response to drought,flooding,hurricanes and climate *** the southern United States,forested wetlands are of special interest because of the extent of these *** plain forested wetlands are among the most vulnerable to these climatic *** of the problems in developing management practices for these coastal areas is the difficulty in adequately describing productivity relations and predicting how the structure and function of these communities might be affected by natural or anthropogenic *** response to environmental change often occurs over a period of years,and the majority of reported studies are for 1–3 years in *** study documents long-term changes(10 years)in structure,composition and growth along a catena of high water table forested sites of an ancient beach ridge landscape in coastal South *** Aboveground net primary production(ANPP)of trees was monitored from 2000 to 2009 on three sites within a longleaf pine-swamp blackgum forest system on the southern end of theWaccamaw Neck area of Georgetown County,*** study plots(20325 m)were established across a moisture gradient(Dry,Intermediate,and Wet).Water levels were continuously monitored,litterfall was measured monthly and growth of trees>10 cm diameter at breast height was monitored on an annual *** litterfall and tree production values were summed to provide estimates of *** Findings the study site was under severe drought conditions July 2001 through late summer 2002 and again in *** growth was affected in all three sites,but with different *** seems that diameter growth in the Wet site was more sensitive to drought conditions in 2001–02 and 2007 than either Dry or Intermediate *** droughts did not seem to have a significant impact on litterfall in the Wet site,litterfall in the Intermediat

关键词： production gum-cypress forests hydrology drought effects coastal plain forests

Correction to:Decomposition of biomass gasification tar model compounds over waste tire pyrolysis char

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2023年第2期5卷 243-243页

作者： Amal S.Al-Rahbi paul t.williams Applied Sciences Department Higher College of TechnologyUniversity of Technology and Applied SciencesMuscatSultanate of Oman School of Chemical and Process Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK

Correction to:Waste Disposal&Sustainable Energy(2022)4:75-89 https:/doi.0rg/10.1007/s42768-022-00103-5 the section'Conflict of Interest'has been amended;'paul *** is the Editorial Board member of Waste Disposal&Sustainable Energy.'the revised'Conflict of Interest'is as follows:paul *** is the Editorial Board member of Waste Disposal&Sustainable *** behalf of all authors,the corresponding author states that there is no conflictof interest.

关键词： behalf revised pyrolysis

Amphibians and Reptiles of Luzon Island, Philippines: the Herpetofauna of Pantabangan-Carranglan Watershed, Nueva Ecija Province, Caraballo Mountain Range

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Asian Herpetological Research 2018年第4期9卷 201-223页

作者： paul Henric P. GOJO CRUZ Leticia E.AFUANG Juan Carlos t. GONZALEZ william SM.GRUEZO Faculty Department of Biological Sciences College of Arts and Sciences Central Luzon State University Faculty Animal Biology Division Institute of Biological Sciences College of Arts and Sciences University of the Philippines Los Ba?os Adjunct Faculty Graduate School University of the Philippines Los Ba?os

We present detailed species accounts for fifty-nine(59) species of amphibians and reptiles(17 frogs, 14 skinks, 3 agamids, 6 gekkonid lizards, 2 varanids, and 17 snakes) from Pantabangan-Carranglan Watershed, which lies within the Caraballo Mountain Range, whose biota is poorly-known. this was also the first extensive survey of herpetofauna within the watershed. together with data from previous literature reviews, our records bring the total number of species of amphibians and reptiles for the Caraballo Mountain Range to 66. Forty-two(42) species from the area were Philippine endemics, with 25 species recorded only from Luzon faunal region. Seven species of herpetofauna are associated with unresolved taxonomic issues(new species and species complexes needing taxonomic partitioning, e.g. splitting of species groups). two species recorded from the area were rarely represented in museum collections. Major distributional and elevational range extensions were recorded for several species. Comparison with Luzon’s other mountain ranges showed that the Caraballo Mountain Range is similar, in terms of species composition, to the northern Sierra Madre and Cordillera Mountain Ranges. the result of this survey showed the Caraballo Mountain Range and its mountains as a possible new center of herpetofaunal diversity and endemicity within Luzon. the importance of the Caraballo Mountain Range as an important biogeographic link merits further study.

关键词： Caraballo mountain range diversity ecology habitat herpetofauna

梯度扩散薄膜技术(DGt)的理论及其在环境中的应用Ⅱ：土壤与沉积物原位高分辨分析中的方法与应用

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农业环境科学学报 2017年第9期36卷 1693-1702页

作者：房煦罗军高悦 paul williams 张昊 william DAVISON 污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室南京大学环境学院南京210093 Department of Analytical Environmental and Geochemistry(AMGC)VUBPleinlaan 21050 BrusselsBelgium Institute for Global Food Security Queen's University BelfastBelfast BT97BLUnited Kingdom Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancaster LA 1 4YQUnited Kingdom

从吸附膜的设计、采样装置的设计和分析方法三个方面系统介绍了梯度扩散薄膜技术(DGt)在土壤和沉积物介质中原位高分辨研究的方法学,并回顾了DGt自诞生以来在根际土壤和沉积物中原位高分辨应用所取得的重要研究成果,最后探讨了DGt在原... 详细信息

从吸附膜的设计、采样装置的设计和分析方法三个方面系统介绍了梯度扩散薄膜技术(DGt)在土壤和沉积物介质中原位高分辨研究的方法学,并回顾了DGt自诞生以来在根际土壤和沉积物中原位高分辨应用所取得的重要研究成果,最后探讨了DGt在原位高分辨研究中的发展前景。DGt技术在沉积物和土壤中对污染物微界面机制的原位高分辨率研究,能够揭示控制重金属污染的关键过程,为针对性地做出管理控制方案提供了重要理论支持,从而推动我国对土壤、沉积物污染的防治和粮食安全的控制。

关键词：梯度扩散薄膜技术(DGt) 土壤沉积物高分辨率原位研究金属

Imaging methods to evaluate tumor microenvironment factors affecting nanoparticle drug delivery and antitumor response

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2021年第2期4卷 382-413页

作者： Amber SMoody paul ADayton william C.Zamboni UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North CarolinaChapel HillNC 27599USA UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center Chapel HillNC 27599USA Carolina Institute for Nanomedicine Chapel HillNC 27599USA Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering University of North Carolina and North Carolina State UniversityChapel HillNC 27599USA.

Standard small molecule and nanoparticulate chemotherapies are used for cancer treatment;however,their effectiveness remains highly *** reason for this variable response is hypothesized to be due to nonspecific drug distribution and heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment,which affect tumor delivery of the *** drugs have many theoretical advantages,but due to variability in tumor microenvironment(tME)factors,the overall drug delivery to tumors and associated antitumor response are *** nanotechnology field would greatly benefit from a thorough analysis of the tME factors that create these physiological barriers to tumor delivery and treatment in preclinical models and in ***,there is a need to develop methods that can be used to reveal the content of the tME,determine how these tME factors affect drug delivery,and modulate tME factors to increase the tumor delivery and efficacy of *** this review,we will discuss tME factors involved in drug delivery,and how biomedical imaging tools can be used to evaluate tumor barriers and predict drug delivery to tumors and antitumor response.

关键词： tumor microenvironment imaging drug delivery nanoparticles

the Cooperative Activities of CSLD2, CSLD3, and CSLD5 Are Required for Normal Arabidopsis Development

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Molecular Plant 2011年第6期4卷 1024-1037页

作者： Lan Yin Yves Verhertbruggen Ai Oikawa Chithra Manisseri Bernhard knierim Lina Prak Jacob kriiger Jensen paul knox Manfred Auer william G.t. Willatsa and Henrik Vibe Scheller Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology Faculty of Life Sciences University of Copenhagen DK-1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark Joint BioEnergy Institute Feedstocks Division 5885 Hollis St Emeryville CA 94608 USA Present address： Department of Arctic and Marine Biology University of Tromso 9037 Tromse Norway Physical Biosciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA Present address： Molecular Phytopathology and Genetics University of Hamburg D-22609 Hamburg Germany f Joint BioEnergy Institute Technology Division 5885 Hollis St Emeryville CA 94608 USA Life Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA Present address： Department of Plant Biology Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Centre for Plant Sciences Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA Joint BioEnergy Institute Technology Division 5885 Hoilis St Emeryville CA 94608 USA

Glycosyltransferases of the Cellulose Synthase Like D （CS/D） subfamily have been reported to be involved in tip growth and stem development in Arabidopsis. the csld2 and csld3 mutants are root hair defective and the csld5 mutant has reduced stem growth. In this study, we produced double and triple knockout mutants of CSLD2, CSLD3, and CSLD5. Unlike the single mutants and the csld2/csld3 double mutant, the csld2/csld5, csld3/csld5, and csld2/csld3/csld5 mutants were dwarfed and showed severely reduced viability. this demonstrates that the cooperative activities of CSLD2, CSLD3, and CSLD5 are required for normal Arabidopsis development, and that they are involved in important processes besides the specialized role in tip growth. the mutant phenotypes indicate that CSLD2 and CSLD3 have overlapping functions with CSLD5 in early plant development, whereas the CSLD2 and CSLD3 proteins are non-redundant. to determine the biochemical function of CSLD proteins, we used transient expression in tobacco leaves. Microsomes containing heterologously expressed CSLD5 transferred mannose from GDP-mannose onto endogenous acceptors. the same activity was detected when CSLD2 and CSLD3 were coexpressed but not when they were expressed separately. With monosaccharides as exogenous acceptors, microsomal preparations from CSLD5-expressing plants mediated the transfer of mannose from GDP-mannose onto mannose. these results were supported by immunodetection studies that showed reduced levels of a mannan epitope in the cell walls of stem interfascicular fibers and xylem vessels of the csld2/csld3/csld5 mutant.

关键词： Cellulose synthase like hemicelluloses mannan glycosyltransferases polysaccharide plant development.