检索结果-南通市图书馆

Integrative Zoology 2011年第3期6卷 290-296页

作者： Ronald R.SWAISGOOD Fuwen WEI william j.mcshea David E.WILDT Andrew j.KOUBA Zejun ZHANG San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research EscondidoCaliforniaUSA Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijingChina Conservation&Research Center Smithsonian’s National Zoological ParkFront RoyalVirginiaUSA Memphis Zoo MemphisTennesseeUSA Institute of Rare Animals and Plants China West Normal UniversityNanchongSichuanChina

The giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca David,1869)is an iconic species for global conservation,yet field research has only recently advanced to the point where adaptive management is ***,we review recent developments in giant panda conservation science and propose a strategic plan for moving panda conservation *** of scientific,funding,political,and logistical hurdles,few endangered species management programs have embraced adaptive management,wherein management decisions are shaped iteratively by targeted scientific *** threats,such as habitat destruction,anthropogenic disturbance and fragmented nonviable populations,need to be addressed simultaneously by researchers,managers and policy-makers working in concert to understand and overcome these obstacles to species *** the backing of the Chinese Govern-ment and the conservation community,the giant panda can become a high-profile test species for this much touted,but rarely implemented,approach to conservation management.

关键词： adaptive management conservation policy endangered species giant panda strategic conservation plan

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

中国的野生动物红外相机监测需要统一的标准

生物多样性 2020年第9期28卷 1125-1131页

作者： william j.mcshea 申小莉刘芳王天明肖治术李晟 Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute National Zoological ParkFront RoyalVA 22630USA 中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室北京100093 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所国家林业与草原局森林生态环境重点实验室北京100091 北京师范大学生命科学学院北京100875 中国科学院动物研究所农业虫鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室北京100101 北京大学生命科学学院北京大学生态研究中心北京100871

采用及时、可靠的方法对物种开展有效监测是生物多样性保护的基础。红外相机技术可以获得兽类物种的影像、元数据和分布信息,是监测生物多样性的有效途径。这项技术在野外便于部署,规程易于标准化,可提供野生动物凭证标本(影像)以及物... 详细信息

采用及时、可靠的方法对物种开展有效监测是生物多样性保护的基础。红外相机技术可以获得兽类物种的影像、元数据和分布信息,是监测生物多样性的有效途径。这项技术在野外便于部署,规程易于标准化,可提供野生动物凭证标本(影像)以及物种拍摄位置、拍摄日期与时间、拍摄细节(相机型号等)等附属信息。这些特性使得我们可以积累数以百万计的影像资料和野生动物监测数据。在中国,红外相机技术已得到广泛应用,众多机构正在使用红外相机采集并存储野生动物影像以及相关联的元数据。目前,亟需对红外相机元数据结构进行标准化,以促进不同机构之间以及与外部保护团体之间的数据共享。迄今全球已建立有数个国际数据共享平台,例如Wildlife Insights,但他们离不开与中国的合作,以有效追踪全球可持续发展的进程。达成这样的合作需要3个基础:共同的数据标准、数据共享协议和数据禁用政策。我们倡议,中国保护领域的政府主管部门、机构团体一起合作,共同制定在国内单位之间以及与国际机构之间共享监测数据的政策、机制与途径。

关键词：红外相机元数据爱知生物多样性目标野生动物数据平台数据禁用规则

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

西南山地红外相机监测网络建设进展

生物多样性 2020年第9期28卷 1049-1058页

作者：李晟 william j.mcshea 王大军申小莉卜红亮官天培王放古晓东张晓峰廖灏泓北京大学生命科学学院北京100871 Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute Front RoyalVA 22630USA 中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室北京100093 绵阳师范学院生态安全与保护四川省重点实验室四川绵阳621000 复旦大学生命科学学院上海200438 四川省林业与草原局成都610081 陕西省林业局西安710082 大自然保护协会中国部云南丽江674100

中国西南山地是全球生物多样性热点区。西南山地红外相机监测网络是我国生物多样性监测的区域性红外相机网络之一。该网络由北京大学牵头,始建于2002年,合作单位包括科研院所、高校、保护组织、政府部门、保护地管理机构等。网络主要覆... 详细信息

中国西南山地是全球生物多样性热点区。西南山地红外相机监测网络是我国生物多样性监测的区域性红外相机网络之一。该网络由北京大学牵头,始建于2002年,合作单位包括科研院所、高校、保护组织、政府部门、保护地管理机构等。网络主要覆盖青藏高原东缘大横断山区域的秦岭、岷山、邛崃山、相岭、凉山、沙鲁里山、云岭7大山系。网络内目前共有41个监测样区,包括自然保护区、社区保护地、林场等多种类型。网络内监测样区均采用标准的网格化布设规程,采取统一数据结构与数据库结构、建立离散式数据库进行分散管理的总体架构,所有监测样区的数据库保持一致的结构和统一的核心字段,由每个监测样区建立并维护各自独立的数据库。截至2019年12月,网络内布设有效调查/监测位点5,738个,已处理数据中调查工作量(以有效相机日计)合计约120.74万天,积累红外相机照片/视频(删除连续空拍后)302.59万份,另有111.16万份待处理。共记录到分属7目21科的63种野生哺乳动物与分属10目35科的182种野生鸟类物种,其中国家一、二级重点保护野生动物分别有18与39种。西南山地网络今后的重点工作方向包括:(1)基于通用元数据结构建立统一的在线数据库平台;(2)加强网络内保护地数据管理与分析能力建设;(3)为区域内生物多样性保护与保护地管理提供持续支持;(4)针对野生动物种间关系、群落构建机制以及大型食肉动物的生态功能开展深入的动物生态学研究。

关键词：中国西南山地大横断山生物多样性监测红外相机保护地网络生物多样性平台

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

四川岷山王朗保护区大型兽类10年动态变化

四川岷山王朗保护区大型兽类10年动态变化

Developing a new agenda for increased food and climate security

第十三届全国野生动物生态与资源保护学术研讨会暨第六届中国西部动物学学术研讨会

作者：李晟申小莉 william j.mcshea 王大军罗春平赵联军北京大学生命科学学院中国科学院植物研究所

中国西南山地是全球生物多样性热点区之一,拥有丰富而独特的野生动物群落。虽然大熊猫、川金丝猴等少数物种作为保护旗舰种而广为人知,但这片区域内的大型兽类的整体现状、群落结构与动态变化却缺乏研究。在岷山北部的王朗国家级自然保...

中国西南山地是全球生物多样性热点区之一,拥有丰富而独特的野生动物群落。虽然大熊猫、川金丝猴等少数物种作为保护旗舰种而广为人知,但这片区域内的大型兽类的整体现状、群落结构与动态变化却缺乏研究。在岷山北部的王朗国家级自然保护区,我们使用标准的红外相机调查技术,分别于2004—2006年(000相机日)和2014—2016年(0 000相机日)对区内有森林覆盖的131个公里网格进行了系统调查,

关键词：

来源： cnki会议评论

在线全文

cnki会议

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 35-54页

作者： william j.DAVIES Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK

In many countries, political and environmental pressures are currently combining to generate a perfect storm of circumstances that is reducing food availability, increasing food costs and thereby reducing the availability of food to many. The UK is currently considering new national food and land management policies, and attention is also being given to legislation to address diet-related health issues. Many now argue for a revolution in UK farming practices to reduce their impact on the natural environment. The UK is not alone in facing these and other challenges. Both the contribution of agriculture to greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions and the effects of climate change on food production are issues receiving worldwide *** agricultural practices can result in greater C capture, reduced GHG emissions, enhanced soil quality and enhanced biodiversity. However, it is questioned if such farming systems will be productive enough to feed a growing population with the food required for social and health benefits. To fully exploit the impact of new plant science in farmer fields, it is imperative to effectively link science to farming practices and conduct a broader conversation around the food revolution with social scientists and with the general public.

关键词： Climate resilience food security human health planetary health regenerative agriculture

Isolating higher yielding and more stable rice genotypes in stress environments: fine-tuning a selection method using production and resilience score indices

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 169-185页

作者： Arnauld THIRY william j.DAVIES Ian C.DODD Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLancashire LA14YWUK

In Asia, the rice crop sustains millions of people. However, growing demand for this crop needs to be met while simultaneously reducing its water consumption to cope with the effects of climate change. Lowland cropping systems are the most common and productive but have particularly high water requirements. High-yielding rice genotypes adapted to drier environments(such as rainfed or aerobic rice ecosystems) are needed to increase the water use efficiency of cropping. Identifying these genotypes requires fast and more accurate selection methods. It is hypothesized that applying a new quantitative selection method(the score index selection method), can usefully compare rice yield responses over different years and stress intensities to select genotypes more rapidly and efficiently. Applying the score index to previously published rice yield data for 39 genotypes grown in no-stress and two stress environments, identified three genotypes(ARB 8, IR55419-04 and ARB 7) with higher and stable yield under moderate to severe stress conditions. These genotypes are postulated to be better adapted to stress environment such as upland and aerobic environments. Importantly, the score index selection method offers improved precision than the conventional breeding selection method in identifying genotypes that are well-suited to a range of stress levels within the target environment.

关键词： Aerobic rice breeding selection drought resilience production capacity index resilience capacity index stress score index upland

Effect of stress-dependent microannulus aperture on well leakage

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第6期16卷 1967-1976页

作者： Meng Meng Luke P.Frash j.william Carey Mohamed Mehana Wenfeng Li Bailian Chen Earth and Environmental Sciences Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNMUSA

Debonding at the cement-casing interface is recognized as a principal failure mechanism leading to CO_(2) leakage in *** detachment gives rise to a microannulus,which notably possesses greater permeability than undamaged cement,undermining its sealing ***,the permeability of the microannulus is regarded as a uniform value throughout the ***,fundamentally,a microannulus is one type of fracture,and its gap or aperture size is affected by the effective *** this work,we developed a unique experimental *** equipment facilitates the curing of cement inside a steel casing,the formation of a microannulus between the casing and the cement,and the investigation of the fluid flow dynamics along the microannulus under laboratory-replicated in situ *** microannulus was formed by injecting fluid from one end of the setup,and receiving similar amount of fluid on the other end signified the development of the leakage ***,strain gauges affixed to the casing’s external surface yielded key information on the microannulus’s opening and *** observed a noticeable decline in microannulus hydraulic aperture(or permeability)in relation to effective stress and an exponential equation fits their *** findings also indicate a distinct behavior when comparing liquid CO_(2) with ***,it is easier for liquid CO_(2) to create the ***,the hydraulic aperture range for this microannulus(0.7-6 mm)is considerably smaller than that created by water flow(2-17 mm).Finally,we integrated the stressdependent microannulus aperture size into the combined analysis of well mechanical integrity and well *** outcomes consistently demonstrated that when factoring in the stress-dependent aperture sizes,the leakage rates are 3e5 times compared to a fixed aperture *** traditional assumption of a constant aperture significantly underestimates fluid leakage risks.

关键词： Microannulus Leakage assessment Aperture size Triaxial experiment Carbon sequestration

Promoting green transformation by ensuring food security while reducing the environmental footprint of food and farming with agriculture green development

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 1-4,I0005页

作者： william j.DAVIES jianbo SHEN Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancaster LA14YQUK State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentCollege of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Reconciling the challenges of producing adequate amounts of nutritious food for the increasing global population while limiting environmental damage that can result from operations of our food systems is an enormous *** many parts of the world,agriculture is undergoing major transformations and this has been and still is particularly the case in China.

关键词： operations agriculture transformation

Sustainable plasticulture in Chinese agriculture: a review of challenges and routes to achieving long-term food and ecosecurity

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 155-168页

作者： Samuel j.CUSWORTH william j.DAVIES Martin R.MCAINSH Carly j.STEVENS Weilu WANG Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK The Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Plastic pollution is global concern, affecting most aspects of global food production systems. Plasticulture, a practice used in agriculture to improve crop quality and quantity, among other factors, is a significant source of plastic pollution. This review examines the extent of plasticulture in China, the implications of the practice across decades of use and the legislative instruments used to resolve those issues. It briefly assesses the effectiveness of these policies and proposes possible future innovations to promote increases in long-term food and eco-security, where sustainable plasticulture is a key agent for change. While plasticulture has increased agricultural productivity in growth-limiting conditions, plastic pollution in agricultural soils has become acute in China. Consequently, plastic pollution is having deleterious effects on soil health and in turn, crop productivity in China. Plastic pollution in agriculture is a multifaceted issue and so proposed solutions should be informed by this complexity. Current measures do not reflect a holistic approach to solving this socioecological challenge and adopt a top-down approach, with little or no supportive mechanisms. Future recommendations need to consider the particular set of conditions that influence the production, use and end-of-life management of agriplastics,specific to the environmental, economic and social conditions in each location.

关键词： Circular plastics economy crop production food security plastic pollution sustainable plasticulture

Hydromechanical characterization of gas transport amidst uncertainty for underground nuclear explosion detection

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第6期16卷 2019-2032页

作者： Wenfeng Li Chelsea W.Neil j william Carey Meng Meng Luke P.Frash Philip H.Stauffer Earth and Environmental Sciences Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87544USA Department of Mineral Engineering New Mexico TechSocorroNM87801USA

Given the challenge of definitively discriminating between chemical and nuclear explosions using seismic methods alone,surface detection of signature noble gas radioisotopes is considered a positive identification of underground nuclear explosions(UNEs).However,the migration of signature radionuclide gases between the nuclear cavity and surface is not well understood because complex processes are involved,including the generation of complex fracture networks,reactivation of natural fractures and faults,and thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical(THMC)coupling of radionuclide gas transport in the *** this study,we provide an experimental investigation of hydro-mechanical(HM)coupling among gas flow,stress states,rock deformation,and rock damage using a unique multi-physics triaxial direct shear rock testing *** testing system also features redundant gas pressure and flow rate measurements,well suited for parameter uncertainty *** porous tuff and tight granite samples that are relevant to historic UNE tests,we measured the Biot effective stress coefficient,rock matrix gas permeability,and fracture gas permeability at a range of pore pressure and stress *** Biot effective stress coefficient varies from 0.69 to 1 for the tuff,whose porosity averages 35.3%±0.7%,while this coefficient varies from 0.51 to 0.78 for the tight granite(porosity<1%,perhaps an underestimate).Matrix gas permeability is strongly correlated to effective stress for the granite,but not for the porous *** experiments reveal the following key engineering implications on transport of radionuclide gases post a UNE event:(1)The porous tuff shows apparent fracture dilation or compression upon stress changes,which does not necessarily change the gas permeability;(2)The granite fracture permeability shows strong stress sensitivity and is positively related to shear displacement;and(3)Hydromechanical coupling among stress states,rock damage,and gas flow appears to be

关键词： Underground nuclear explosion uncertainty quantification Radionuclide transport Biot effective stress coefficient Fracture permeability Matrix permeability