检索结果-南通市图书馆

Molecular Plant 2018年第1期11卷 31-46页

作者： william j. barnes Charles T. Anderson Department of Biology Center for Ugnocellulose Structure and Formation The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA

Plant cell walls contain elaborate polysaccharide networks and regulate plant growth, development, mechanics, cell-cell communication and adhesion, and defense. Despite conferring rigidity to support plant structures, the cell wall is a dynamic extracellular matrix that is modified, reorganized, and degraded to tightly control its properties during growth and development. Far from being a terminal carbon sink, many wall polymers can be degraded and recycled by plant cells, either via direct re-incorporation by trans- glycosylation or via internalization and metabolic salvage of wall-derived sugars to produce new precur- sors for wall synthesis. However, the physiological and metabolic contributions of wall recycling to plant growth and development are largely undefined. In this review, we discuss long-standing and recent evi- dence supporting the occurrence of cell-wall recycling in plants, make predictions regarding the develop- mental processes to which wall recycling might contribute, and identify outstanding questions and emerging experimental tools that might be used to address these questions and enhance our understanding of this poorly characterized aspect of wall dynamics and metabolism.

关键词： Plant cell walls wall degradation wall recycling wall biosynthesis

Developing a new agenda for increased food and climate security

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 35-54页

作者： william j.DAVIES Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK

In many countries, political and environmental pressures are currently combining to generate a perfect storm of circumstances that is reducing food availability, increasing food costs and thereby reducing the availability of food to many. The UK is currently considering new national food and land management policies, and attention is also being given to legislation to address diet-related health issues. Many now argue for a revolution in UK farming practices to reduce their impact on the natural environment. The UK is not alone in facing these and other challenges. Both the contribution of agriculture to greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions and the effects of climate change on food production are issues receiving worldwide *** agricultural practices can result in greater C capture, reduced GHG emissions, enhanced soil quality and enhanced biodiversity. However, it is questioned if such farming systems will be productive enough to feed a growing population with the food required for social and health benefits. To fully exploit the impact of new plant science in farmer fields, it is imperative to effectively link science to farming practices and conduct a broader conversation around the food revolution with social scientists and with the general public.

关键词： Climate resilience food security human health planetary health regenerative agriculture

Isolating higher yielding and more stable rice genotypes in stress environments: fine-tuning a selection method using production and resilience score indices

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 169-185页

作者： Arnauld THIRY william j.DAVIES Ian C.DODD Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLancashire LA14YWUK

In Asia, the rice crop sustains millions of people. However, growing demand for this crop needs to be met while simultaneously reducing its water consumption to cope with the effects of climate change. Lowland cropping systems are the most common and productive but have particularly high water requirements. High-yielding rice genotypes adapted to drier environments(such as rainfed or aerobic rice ecosystems) are needed to increase the water use efficiency of cropping. Identifying these genotypes requires fast and more accurate selection methods. It is hypothesized that applying a new quantitative selection method(the score index selection method), can usefully compare rice yield responses over different years and stress intensities to select genotypes more rapidly and efficiently. Applying the score index to previously published rice yield data for 39 genotypes grown in no-stress and two stress environments, identified three genotypes(ARB 8, IR55419-04 and ARB 7) with higher and stable yield under moderate to severe stress conditions. These genotypes are postulated to be better adapted to stress environment such as upland and aerobic environments. Importantly, the score index selection method offers improved precision than the conventional breeding selection method in identifying genotypes that are well-suited to a range of stress levels within the target environment.

关键词： Aerobic rice breeding selection drought resilience production capacity index resilience capacity index stress score index upland

Effect of stress-dependent microannulus aperture on well leakage

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

j.urnal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第6期16卷 1967-1976页

作者： Meng Meng Luke P.Frash j.william Carey Mohamed Mehana Wenfeng Li Bailian Chen Earth and Environmental Sciences Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNMUSA

Debonding at the cement-casing interface is recognized as a principal failure mechanism leading to CO_(2) leakage in *** detachment gives rise to a microannulus,which notably possesses greater permeability than undamaged cement,undermining its sealing ***,the permeability of the microannulus is regarded as a uniform value throughout the ***,fundamentally,a microannulus is one type of fracture,and its gap or aperture size is affected by the effective *** this work,we developed a unique experimental *** equipment facilitates the curing of cement inside a steel casing,the formation of a microannulus between the casing and the cement,and the investigation of the fluid flow dynamics along the microannulus under laboratory-replicated in situ *** microannulus was formed by inj.cting fluid from one end of the setup,and receiving similar amount of fluid on the other end signified the development of the leakage ***,strain gauges affixed to the casing’s external surface yielded key information on the microannulus’s opening and *** observed a noticeable decline in microannulus hydraulic aperture(or permeability)in relation to effective stress and an exponential equation fits their *** findings also indicate a distinct behavior when comparing liquid CO_(2) with ***,it is easier for liquid CO_(2) to create the ***,the hydraulic aperture range for this microannulus(0.7-6 mm)is considerably smaller than that created by water flow(2-17 mm).Finally,we integrated the stressdependent microannulus aperture size into the combined analysis of well mechanical integrity and well *** outcomes consistently demonstrated that when factoring in the stress-dependent aperture sizes,the leakage rates are 3e5 times compared to a fixed aperture *** traditional assumption of a constant aperture significantly underestimates fluid leakage risks.

关键词： Microannulus Leakage assessment Aperture size Triaxial experiment Carbon sequestration

Promoting green transformation by ensuring food security while reducing the environmental footprint of food and farming with agriculture green development

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 1-4,I0005页

作者： william j.DAVIES j.anbo SHEN Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancaster LA14YQUK State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentCollege of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Reconciling the challenges of producing adequate amounts of nutritious food for the increasing global population while limiting environmental damage that can result from operations of our food systems is an enormous *** many parts of the world,agriculture is undergoing maj.r transformations and this has been and still is particularly the case in China.

关键词： operations agriculture transformation

Sustainable plasticulture in Chinese agriculture: a review of challenges and routes to achieving long-term food and ecosecurity

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 155-168页

作者： Samuel j.CUSWORTH william j.DAVIES Martin R.MCAINSH Carly j.STEVENS Weilu WANG Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK The Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Plastic pollution is global concern, affecting most aspects of global food production systems. Plasticulture, a practice used in agriculture to improve crop quality and quantity, among other factors, is a significant source of plastic pollution. This review examines the extent of plasticulture in China, the implications of the practice across decades of use and the legislative instruments used to resolve those issues. It briefly assesses the effectiveness of these policies and proposes possible future innovations to promote increases in long-term food and eco-security, where sustainable plasticulture is a key agent for change. While plasticulture has increased agricultural productivity in growth-limiting conditions, plastic pollution in agricultural soils has become acute in China. Consequently, plastic pollution is having deleterious effects on soil health and in turn, crop productivity in China. Plastic pollution in agriculture is a multifaceted issue and so proposed solutions should be informed by this complexity. Current measures do not reflect a holistic approach to solving this socioecological challenge and adopt a top-down approach, with little or no supportive mechanisms. Future recommendations need to consider the particular set of conditions that influence the production, use and end-of-life management of agriplastics,specific to the environmental, economic and social conditions in each location.

关键词： Circular plastics economy crop production food security plastic pollution sustainable plasticulture

Hydromechanical characterization of gas transport amidst uncertainty for underground nuclear explosion detection

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

j.urnal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第6期16卷 2019-2032页

作者： Wenfeng Li Chelsea W.Neil j.william Carey Meng Meng Luke P.Frash Philip H.Stauffer Earth and Environmental Sciences Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87544USA Department of Mineral Engineering New Mexico TechSocorroNM87801USA

Given the challenge of definitively discriminating between chemical and nuclear explosions using seismic methods alone,surface detection of signature noble gas radioisotopes is considered a positive identification of underground nuclear explosions(UNEs).However,the migration of signature radionuclide gases between the nuclear cavity and surface is not well understood because complex processes are involved,including the generation of complex fracture networks,reactivation of natural fractures and faults,and thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical(THMC)coupling of radionuclide gas transport in the *** this study,we provide an experimental investigation of hydro-mechanical(HM)coupling among gas flow,stress states,rock deformation,and rock damage using a unique multi-physics triaxial direct shear rock testing *** testing system also features redundant gas pressure and flow rate measurements,well suited for parameter uncertainty *** porous tuff and tight granite samples that are relevant to historic UNE tests,we measured the Biot effective stress coefficient,rock matrix gas permeability,and fracture gas permeability at a range of pore pressure and stress *** Biot effective stress coefficient varies from 0.69 to 1 for the tuff,whose porosity averages 35.3%±0.7%,while this coefficient varies from 0.51 to 0.78 for the tight granite(porosity<1%,perhaps an underestimate).Matrix gas permeability is strongly correlated to effective stress for the granite,but not for the porous *** experiments reveal the following key engineering implications on transport of radionuclide gases post a UNE event:(1)The porous tuff shows apparent fracture dilation or compression upon stress changes,which does not necessarily change the gas permeability;(2)The granite fracture permeability shows strong stress sensitivity and is positively related to shear displacement;and(3)Hydromechanical coupling among stress states,rock damage,and gas flow appears to be

关键词： Underground nuclear explosion uncertainty quantification Radionuclide transport Biot effective stress coefficient Fracture permeability Matrix permeability

Neuroprotection by resveratrol-glucuronide and quercetin-glucuronide via binding to polyphenol-and glycosaminoglycan-binding sites in the laminin receptor

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 819-820页

作者： Rayudu Gopalakrishna j.nnifer Aguilar Emily Lee william j.Mack Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Neurological Surgery Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA

The dietary polyphenolic compounds resveratrol and quercetin prevent neurodegenerative diseases in experimental models;however, they reach the brain only in nanomolar concentrations in the glucuronidated and sulfated ... 详细信息

关键词： resveratrol molar dated

Efficiency and effectiveness of systems for the treatment of domestic wastewater based on subsurface flow constructed wetlands in j.rabacoa, Dominican Republic

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Water Science and Engineering 2024年第2期17卷 118-128页

作者： Yvelisse Pérez Enmanuel Vargas Daniel Garcia-Cortes william Hernandez Humberto Checo Ulises j.uregui-Haza Area de Ciencias Basicas y Ambientales Instituto Tecnologico de Santo Domingo(INTEC)Avenida de Los Proceres 49Los Jardines del NorteSanto Domingo 10602Dominican Republic Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Calle Cayetano Germosen esq.Ave.LuperonEl PedregalSanto Domingo 11107Dominican Republic Plan Yaque Calle Estela Geraldino 14 AltosJarabacoa 41000Dominican Republic Institute of Technologies and Applied Sciences University of HavanaHavana 10400Cuba

Constructed wetlands(CwW)are well known nature-based systems for water *** study evaluated the efficiency and effectiveness of seven domestic wastewater treatment systems based on horizontal flow CWs in j.rabacoa,the Dominican *** results showed that the CWs were efficient in reducing the degree of contamination of wastewater to levels below the Dominican wastewater discharge standards for parameters such as the 5-day biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5)and chemical oxygen demand,but not for the removal of phosphorus and fecal *** addition,a horizontal flow subsurface wetland in the peri-urban area El Dorado was evaluated in terms of the performance of wastewater treatment in tropical climatic *** concentrations of heavy metals,such as zinc,copper,chromium,and iron,were found to decrease in the effluent of the wetland,and the concentrations for nickel and manganese tended to *** levels of heavy metals in the effluent were lower than the limit values of the Dominican wastewater discharge *** construction cost of these facilities was around 200 USD per population equivalent,similar to the cost in other countries in the same *** study suggested some solutions to the improved performance of CWs:selection of a microbial flora that guarantees the reduction of nitrates and nitrites to molecular nitrogen,use of endemic plants that bioaccumulate heavy metals,combination of constructed wetlands with filtration on activated carbon,and inclusion of water purification processes that allow to evaluate the reuse of treated water.

关键词： Domestic wastewater Constructed wetland BOD COD Pathogens Heavy metals

Seasonal variation and host sex affect bat–bat fly interaction networks in the Amazonian savannahs

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 400-416页

作者： Paulo MEj.A Gustavo Lima URBIETA Bruna da Silva XAVIER Isaíj.rge de CASTRO j.séj.lio DE TOLEDO Gustavo GRACIOLLI Lucio AndréVIANA DIAS william Douglas CARVALHO Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical Universidade Federal do Amapá(UNIFAP)MacapáAPBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Instituto de BiologiaCentro de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro(UFRJ)Rio de JaneiroRJBrazil Laboratório de Mamíferos Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá(IEPA)MacapáAPBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal Laboratório de SistemáticaEcologia e Evolução(LSEE)Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul(UFMS)Campo GrandeMTBrazil Terrestrial Ecology Group(TEG-UAM) Departamento de EcologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global(CIBC-UAM) Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain

Bats are the second-most diverse group of mammals in the world,and bat flies are their main ***,significant knowledge gaps remain regarding these antagonistic interactions,especially since diverse factors such as seasonality and host sex can affect their network ***,we explore the influence of such factors by comparing species richness and composition of bat flies on host bats,as well as specialization and modularity of bat–bat fly interaction networks between seasons and adult host *** captured bats and collected their ectoparasitic flies at 10 sampling sites in the savannahs of AmapáState,northeastern region of the Brazilian *** female bats being more parasitized and recording greater bat fly species richness in the wet season,neither relationship was statistically *** pooled network could be divided into 15 compartments with 54 links,and all subnetworks comprised>12 *** total number of links ranged from 27 to 48(for the dry and wet seasons,respectively),and female and male subnetworks had 44 and 41 links,*** values were very low for the pooled network and for all *** results revealed higher bat fly species richness and abundance in the wet season,whereas specialization and modularity were higher in the dry ***,the subnetwork for female bats displayed higher specialization and modularity than the male ***,both seasonality and host sex contribute in different ways to bat–bat fly network *** studies should consider these factors when evaluating bat–bat fly interaction networks.

关键词： Amapá Amazon biome bat flies bats interaction networks