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Improvements on physical conditions of bauxite residue following application of organic materials

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第6期34卷 198-208页

作者： Ying Guo Yuzhen Ye Feng Zhu Rui Xue Xianchao Zhang Mingxing Zhu william hartley Lin Guo Shengguo Xue School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China College of Environmental Sciences Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China Agriculture and Environment Department Harper Adams UniversityNewportShropshireTF108NBUK Henan Institute of Geological Survey Zhengzhou 450001China

Soil formation and ecological rehabilitation is the most promising strategy to eliminate environmental risks of bauxite residue disposal areas. Its poor physical structure is nevertheless a major limitation to plant growth. Organic materials were demonstrated as effective ameliorants to improve the physical conditions of bauxite residue. In this study, three different organic materials including straw(5% W/W), humic acid(5% W/W), and humic acidacrylamide polymer(0.2% and 0.4%, W/W) were selected to evaluate their effects on physical conditions of bauxite residue pretreated by phosphogypsum following a 120-day incubation experiment. The proportion of 2-1 mm macro-aggregates, mean weight diameter(MWD) and geometric mean diameter(GWD) increased following organic materials addition, which indicated that organic materials could enhance aggregate stability. Compared with straw, and humic acid, humic acid-acrylamide polymer application had improved effects on the formation of water-stable aggregates in the residues. Furthermore, organic materials increased the total porosity, total pore volume and average pore diameter, and reduced the micropore content according to nitrogen gas adsorption(NA) and mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP)analysis, whilst enhancing water retention of the residues based on water characteristic curves. Compared with traditional organic wastes, humic acid-acrylamide polymer could be regarded as a candidate according to the comprehensive consideration of the additive amount and the effects on physical conditions of bauxite residue. These findings could provide a novel application to both Ca-contained acid solid waste and high-molecular polymers on ecological rehabilitation at disposal areas.

关键词： Bauxite residue Soil formation Aggregates Pore characteristics Water retention

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Arsenic dynamics in the rhizosphere and its sequestration on rice roots as affected by root oxidation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第4期26卷 892-899页

作者： Weisong Pan Chuan Wu Shengguo Xue william hartley Institute of Environmental Engineering School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering Central South University College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Hunan Agricultural University Crop and Environment Sciences Department Harper Adams University

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of root oxidation on arsenic （As） dynamics in the rhizosphere and As sequestration on rice roots. There were significant differences （P 〈 0.05） in pH values between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils, with pH 5.68-6.16 in the rhizosphere and 6.30-6.37 in non-rhizosphere soils as well as differences in redox potentials （P 〈 0.05）. Percentage arsenite was lower （4%-16%） in rhizosphere soil solutions from rice genotypes with higher radial oxygen loss （ROL） compared with genotypes with lower ROL （P 〈 0.05）. Arsenic concentrations in iron plaque and rice straw were significantly negatively correlated （R = -0.60, P 〈 0.05）. Genotypes with higher ROL （TD71 and Yinjingmanzhau） had significantly （P 〈 0.001） lower total As in rice grains （1.35 and 0.96 mg/kg, respectively） compared with genotypes with lower ROL （IAPAR9, 1.68 mg/kg; Nanyangzhan 2.24 mg/kg） in the As treatment, as well as lower inorganic As （P 〈 0.05）. The present study showed that genotypes with higher ROL could oxidize more arsenite in rhizosphere soils, and induce more Fe plaque formation, which subsequently sequestered more As. This reduced As uptake in aboveground plant tissues and also reduced inorganic As accumulation in rice grains. The study has contributed to further understanding the mechanisms whereby ROL influences As uptake and accumulation in rice.

关键词： arsenic iron plaque rhizosphere radial oxygen loss rice

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The dynamic development of bacterial community following long-term weathering of bauxite residue

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第4期32卷 321-330页

作者： Hao Wu Li Chen Feng Zhu william hartley Yifan Zhang Shengguo Xue School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Crop and Environment Sciences Department Harper Adams UniversityNewportShropshire TF108 NBUK

Bauxite residue is the industrial waste generated from alumina production and commonly deposited in impoundments.These sites are bare of vegetation due to the extreme high salinity and alkalinity,as well as lack of nutrients.However,long term weathering processes could improve residue properties to support the plant establishment.Here we investigate the development of bacterial communities and the geochemical drivers in bauxite residue,using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology.Long term weathering reduced the pH in bauxite residue and increased its nutrients content.The bacterial community also significantly developed during long term weathering processes.Taxonomic analysis revealed that natural weathering processes encouraged the populations of Proteobacteria,Chloroflexi,Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes,whereas reducing the populations of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria.Redundancy analysis(RDA)indicated that total organic carbon(TOC)was the dominant factors affecting microbial structure.The results have demonstrated that natural weathering processes improved the soil development on the abandoned bauxite residue disposal areas,which also increased our understanding of the correlation between microbial variation and residue properties during natural weathering processes in Bauxite residue disposal areas.

关键词： Bauxite residue disposal areas Bacterial community Natural weathering processes Driving factors Soil formation

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Changes in distribution and microstructure of bauxite residue aggregates following amendments addition

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第4期31卷 276-286页

作者： Shengguo Xue Yuzhen Ye Feng Zhu Qiongli Wang Jun Jiang william hartley School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University Crop and Environment Sciences Department Harper Adams UniversityNewport

Bauxite residue is a highly alkaline byproduct which is routinely discarded at residue disposal areas. Improving soil formation process to revegetate the special degraded lands is a promising strategy for sustainable management of the refining industry. A laboratory incubation experiment was used to evaluate the effects of gypsum and vermicompost on stable aggregate formation of bauxite residue. Aggregate size distribution was quantified by fractal theory, whilst residue microstructure was determined by scanning electron microscopy and synchrotron-based X-ray micro-computed tomography. Amendments addition increased the content of macro-aggregates(> 250 μm) and enhanced aggregate stability of bauxite residue. Following gypsum and vermicompost addition, fractal dimension decreased from 2.84 to 2.77, which indicated a more homogeneous distribution of aggregate particles. Images from scanning electron microscopy and three-dimensional microstructure demonstrated that amendments stimulate the formation of improved structure in residue aggregates. Pore parameters including porosity, pore throat surface area, path length, and path tortuosity increased under amendment additions. Changes in aggregate size distribution and microstructure of bauxite residue indicated that additions of gypsum and vermicompost were beneficial to physical condition of bauxite residue which may enhance the ease of vegetation.

关键词： Bauxite residue Fractal characteristics Aggregate microstructure Substrate amendment Soil formation

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Variation on leaching behavior of caustic compounds in bauxite residue during dealkalization process

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第6期32卷 141-150页

作者： Yujun Wu Meng Li Feng Zhu william hartley Jiaxin Liao Wenhui An Shengguo Xue Jun Jiang School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University932 Lushan South RoadChangsha410083China Crop and Environment Sciences Department Harper Adams UniversityNewportShropshireTF108NBUnited Kingdom Civil and Environmental Engineering Department The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina

Bauxite residue,a byproduct of alumina manufacture,is a serious environmental pollutant due to its high leaching contents of metals and caustic compounds.Four typical anions of CO3^2-,HCO3^-,Al(OH)4^- and OH-(represented caustic compounds) and metal ions(As,B,Mo and V) were selected to assess their leaching behavior under dealkalization process with different conditions including liquid/solid ratio(L/S ratio),temperature and leaching time.The results revealed that washing process could remove the soluble composition in bauxite residue effectively.The leaching concentrations of typical anions in bauxite residue decreased as follows:c(CO3^2-)> c(HCO3^-)> c[Al(OH)4-]> c(OH-).L/S ratio had a more significant effect on leaching behavior of OH-,whilst the leaching concentration of Al(OH)4-varied larger underleaching temperature and time treatment.Under the optimal leaching,the total alkaline,soluble Na concentrations,exchangeable Ca concentrations were 79.52,68.93,and 136.0 mmol/L,respectively,whilst the soluble and exchangeable content of As,B,Mo and V in bauxite residue changed slightly.However,it should be noted that water leaching has released metal ions such as As,B,Mo and V in bauxite residue to the surrounding environment.The semiquantitative analysis of XRD revealed that water leaching increased the content of gismondine from 2.4% to 6.4%.The SEM images demonstrated the dissolution of caustic compounds on bauxite residue surface.The correlation analysis indicated that CO3^2- and HCO3^- could effectively reflect the alkalinity of bauxite residue,and may be regarded as critical de alkalization indicators to evaluate alkalinity removal in bauxite residue.

关键词： Bauxite residue Dealkalization Caustic compounds Soluble alkalinity Metal ions

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Effect of amendments on the leaching behavior of alkaline anions and metal ions in bauxite residue

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第11期31卷 74-81页

作者： Tao Tian Jinaju Zhou Feng Zhu Yuzhen Ye Ying Guo william hartley Shengguo Xue School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South University Changsha 410083 China Crop and Environment Sciences Department Harper Adams University Newport Shropshire TF10 8NB UK

A column leaching experiment was used to investigate the efficacy of amendments on their ability to remove alkaline anions and metal ions from bauxite residue leachates.Treatments included,simulated acid rain (AR),phosphogypsum + vermicompost (PVC),phosphogypsum + vermicompost + simulated acid rain (PVA),and biosolids + microorganisms (BSM) together with controls (CK).Results indicated that amendment could effectively reduce the leachate pH and EC values,neutralize OH-,CO32-,HCO3-,and water soluble alkali,and suppress arsenic (As) content.Correlation analysis revealed significant linear correlations with pH and concentrations of OH-,CO32-,HCO3-,water-soluble alkali,and metal ions.BSM treatment showed optimum results with neutralizing anions (OH-,CO32-,and HCO3-),water soluble alkali,and removal of metal ions (Al,As,B,Mo,V,and Na),which was attributed to neutralization from the generation of small molecular organic acids and organic matter during microbial metabolism.BSM treatment reduced alkaline anions and metal ions based on neutralization reactions in bauxite residue leachate,which reduced the potential pollution effects from leachates on the soil surrounding bauxite residue disposal areas.

关键词： Bauxite residue leachate Amendments Alkaline anions Metal ions

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分支河流体系河网形态演变规律——以格尔木河流扇为例

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地质论评 2024年第3期70卷 1047-1060页

作者：王浩楠张昌民孙家惠张祥辉徐清海刘洪平 Adrian John hartley 长江大学地球科学学院中国武汉430100 阿伯丁大学地球科学学院英国阿伯丁AB243UE

为了探索分支河流体系河网分布规律,为创建储层建模训练图像提供知识库信息。利用Google Earth、Global Mapper、91卫图助手等现代地理信息软件,系统测量了现代格尔木河流扇表面河道分叉特征,应用Horton定律和分形方法建立了河流扇的河... 详细信息

为了探索分支河流体系河网分布规律,为创建储层建模训练图像提供知识库信息。利用Google Earth、Global Mapper、91卫图助手等现代地理信息软件,系统测量了现代格尔木河流扇表面河道分叉特征,应用Horton定律和分形方法建立了河流扇的河网形态模型。结果表明:①格尔木河流扇从顶点到入湖段共识别出26级河道,882个节点和2162个河道段,泉线上、下的河道表现出不同的河网形态;②泉线上部共发育64个节点,每级河道数目增长是上一级河道的R_(B)=1.8900倍,每级河道平均长度是下一级河道的R_(L)=1.0095倍,即河网形态特征参数R_(B)=1.8900和R_(L)=1.0095;泉线下部共发育818个节点,每级河道数目增长是上一级河道的R_(B)=1.0279倍,每级河道平均长度是下一级河道的R_(L)=0.9899倍,即河网形态特征参数是R_(B)=1.0279和R_(L)=0.9899;③河网形态特征参数受坡度影响变化较大,坡度较大则河网形态特征参数较大,坡度较小则河网形态特征参数较小。河网形态特征参数定量表征促进了分支河流体系沉积学发展,为开展陆相盆地储层建模和砂体预测提供了新的知识库信息.

关键词：分支河流体系河网形态河网模型 Horton定律格尔木河流扇

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砷对水稻根部渗氧分布和铁膜形成的影响（英文）

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2017年第2期27卷 413-419页

作者：吴川黄柳薛生国潘炜松邹奇 william hartley 莫竞瑜中南大学冶金与环境学院长沙410083 湖南农业大学生物科学技术学院长沙410128 Crop and Environment Sciences Department Harper Adams University

研究砷对三种水稻品种(玉香油占、CNT87059和南洋占)生物量、根部渗氧径向分布、根表铁膜形成以及砷在植物体内积累的影响。在土壤中分别添加50和100 mg/kg砷、并以未经处理的含砷8.5 mg/kg的土壤作为对照,结果表明,随着砷处理浓度的增... 详细信息

研究砷对三种水稻品种(玉香油占、CNT87059和南洋占)生物量、根部渗氧径向分布、根表铁膜形成以及砷在植物体内积累的影响。在土壤中分别添加50和100 mg/kg砷、并以未经处理的含砷8.5 mg/kg的土壤作为对照,结果表明,随着砷处理浓度的增加,水稻根表铁膜的含量增加;水稻根尖渗氧率与根基部渗氧率的比值随着砷处理浓度的增加而降低,水稻根部渗氧模式从"紧密型"向"疏松型"转变;与对照样品相比,50和100 mg/kg砷处理能显著增加水稻根部的砷积累(P<0.05);低渗氧能力水稻品种(南洋占)谷粒砷含量显著高于高渗氧能力水稻品种(CNT87059,P<0.05)的谷粒砷含量。

关键词：砷铁膜水稻渗氧径向分布

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淋溶条件下赤泥盐分离子的迁移与分布（英文）

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2018年第3期28卷 534-541页

作者：孔祥峰江星星薛生国黄玲 william hartley 吴川李晓飞中南大学冶金与环境学院长沙410083 中南大学国家重金属污染防治工程技术研究中心长沙410083 Crop and Environment Sciences Department Harper Adams University

赤泥是氧化铝工业生产过程产生的强碱性固体废物,其盐分含量高,对环境有害且制约着赤泥堆场的植被重建。通过土柱模拟淋溶实验,研究赤泥盐离子的动态迁移及垂直分布情况。结果表明:淋溶不同程度地将赤泥中的Na^+、K^+、Ca^(2+)、CO_3^(... 详细信息

赤泥是氧化铝工业生产过程产生的强碱性固体废物,其盐分含量高,对环境有害且制约着赤泥堆场的植被重建。通过土柱模拟淋溶实验,研究赤泥盐离子的动态迁移及垂直分布情况。结果表明:淋溶不同程度地将赤泥中的Na^+、K^+、Ca^(2+)、CO_3^(2-)、SO_4^(2-)和HCO_3^-等盐分离子浸出到渗滤液中,显著降低了赤泥的盐度。赤泥中Na^+和K^+呈现出较高的迁移能力,从柱体的40~50 cm处向上迁移至20~30 cm处;而Ca^(2+) 的迁移能力较弱,主要分布在柱体的30~40 cm处。淋溶刚结束时,CO_3^(2-)主要分布在柱体的20~30 cm处,随后向下迁移至30~40 cm处,最终受蒸发作用迁移至20~30 cm处。SO_4^(2-) 最初主要分布在柱体的40~50 cm处,最终向上迁移至20~30 cm处。HCO_3^-主要停留在柱体的下部,其迁移特性受蒸发的影响较小。

关键词：赤泥盐分离子迁移土柱模拟淋溶

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赤泥碱性阴离子浸出优化及溶解行为（英文）

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2018年第6期28卷 1248-1255页

作者：李晓飞叶羽真薛生国江钧吴川孔祥峰 william hartley 李义伟中南大学冶金与环境学院长沙410083 中南大学国家重金属污染防治工程技术研究中心长沙410083 Crop and Environment Sciences Department Harper Adams University

赤泥是氧化铝工业生产过程中产生的高碱性固体废弃物。基于单因素-正交实验开展赤泥碱性阴离子浸出特性研究,结合多级浸出实验探讨最佳浸出条件、碱性阴离子分布特征、关键碱性离子类型及其溶解行为。结果表明:在液固比2 mL/g、浸出温... 详细信息

赤泥是氧化铝工业生产过程中产生的高碱性固体废弃物。基于单因素-正交实验开展赤泥碱性阴离子浸出特性研究,结合多级浸出实验探讨最佳浸出条件、碱性阴离子分布特征、关键碱性离子类型及其溶解行为。结果表明:在液固比2 mL/g、浸出温度30°C、浸出时间23 h、2次浸出条件下,可溶性碱性阴离子(CO^(2-)_3,HCO^-_4,Al(OH)^-_4,OH^-)的最佳浸出率达86%;赤泥1次浸出液中,88%的阴离子来源于可溶性碱(NaOH、碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、NaAl(OH)_4),12%的阴离子来源于化学结合碱(方解石、钙霞石、水化石榴石);在最佳浸出条件下,可溶性碱性离子浸出总浓度为69.78 mmol/L,CO^(2-)_3约占75%;碳酸盐溶解反应的表观活化能为10.24k J/mol,这主要受固膜扩散控制。

关键词：赤泥碱性阴离子碳酸盐浸出优化溶解行为

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