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Biomarkers for diet and cancer prevention research:potentials and challenges

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2007年第9期28卷 1262-1273页

作者： Cindy d davis John A MILNER Nutritional Science Research GroupNational Cancer InstituteRockvilleMd 20892USA

As cancer incidence is projected to increase for decades there is a need for effec-tive preventive ***,evidence continues to mount that alteringdietary habits is an effective and cost-efficient approach for reducing cancer riskand for modifying the biological behavior of ***,validated andsensitive biomarkers,including those that reliably evaluate"intake"or exposureto a specific food or bioactive component,that assess one or more specific bio-logical"effects"that are linked to cancer,and that effectively predict individual"susceptibility"as a function of nutrient-nutrient interactions and genetics,arefundamental to evaluating who will benefit most from dietary *** must be readily accessible,easily and reliably assayed,and predictiveof a key process(es) involved in *** response to a food is determined notonly by the effective concentration of the bioactive food component(s) reachingthe target tissue,but also by the amount of the target requiring ***,this threshold response to foods and their components will vary from indi-vidual to *** key to understanding a personalized response is a greaterknowledge of nutrigenomics,proteomics and metabolomics.

关键词： exposure biomarker effect biomarker susceptibility biomarker nutrigenomics

Multiplication factor for open ground storey buildings–a reliability based evaluation

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2016年第2期15卷 283-295页

作者： Haran Pragalath d.C Avadhoot Bhosale Robin davis P Pradip Sarkar department of Civil Engineering NIT Rourkela

Open Ground Storey（OGS） framed buildings where the ground storey is kept open without infill walls, mainly to facilitate parking, is increasing commonly in urban areas. However, vulnerability of this type of buildings has been exposed in past earthquakes. OGS buildings are conventionally designed by a bare frame analysis that ignores the stiffness of the infill walls present in the upper storeys, but doing so underestimates the inter-storey drift（ISd） and thereby the force demand in the ground storey columns. Therefore, a multiplication factor（MF） is introduced in various international codes to estimate the design forces（bending moments and shear forces） in the ground storey columns. This study focuses on the seismic performance of typical OGS buildings designed by means of MFs. The probabilistic seismic demand models, fragility curves, reliability and cost indices for various frame models including bare frames and fully infilled frames are developed. It is found that the MF scheme suggested by the Israel code is better than other international codes in terms of reliability and cost.

关键词： frames probabilistic vulnerability facilitate details Probability codes multiplication drift columns

Targeting of elevated cell surface phosphatidylserine with saposin C-dioleoylphosphatidylserine nanodrug as individual or combination therapy for pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2021年第6期13卷 550-559页

作者： Harold W davis Ahmet Kaynak Subrahmanya d Vallabhapurapu Xiaoyang Qi division of Hematology/Oncology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineBrain Tumor Center at UC Neuroscience InstituteCincinnatiOH 45267United States department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering and Applied ScienceUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH 45221United States

Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest of cancers with a five-year survival of roughly 8%.Current therapies are:surgery,radiation and *** is curative only if the cancer is caught very early,which is rare,and the latter two modalities are only marginally effective and have significant side *** have developed a nanosome comprised of the lysosomal protein,saposin C(SapC)and the acidic phospholipid,dioleoylphosphatidylserine(dOPS).In the acidic tumor microenvironment,this molecule,SapC-dOPS,targets the phosphatidylserine cancer-biomarker which is predominantly elevated on the surface of cancer ***,SapC-dOPS can selectively target pancreatic tumors and ***,SapC-dOPS has exhibited an impressive safety profile with only a few minor side effects in both preclinical experiments and in phase I clinical *** the dismal outcomes for pancreatic cancer there is an urgent need for better treatments and SapC-dOPS is a good candidate for addition to the oncologist’s toolbox.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Saposin C dioleoylphosphatidylserine Phosphatidylserine-targeted therapy Chemotherapy Radiation

differential regulation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle and liver of neonatal pigs by leucine through an mTORC1-dependent pathway

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2012年第1期3卷 32-41页

作者： Agus Suryawan Hanh V Nguyen Rosemarie d Almonaci Teresa A davis department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine United States Department of Agriculture/Agriculture Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center 1100 Bates Street Houston TX 77030 USA

Neonatal growth is characterized by a high protein synthesis rate that is largely due to an enhanced sensitivity to the postprandial rise in insulin and amino acids, especially leucine. The mechanism of leucine＇s action in vivo is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of leucine infusion on protein synthesis in skeletal muscle and liver of neonatal pigs. To evaluate the mode of action of leucine, we used rapamycin, an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） complex-1 （mTORC1）. Overnight-fasted 7-day-old piglets were treated with rapamycin for 1 hour and then infused with leucine （400 μmol·kg^-1·h^-1） for 1 hour. Leucine infusion increased the rate of protein synthesis, and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 （S6K1） and eukaryotic initiation factor （elF） 4E-binding protein-1 （4E-BP1） phosphorylation in gastrocnemius and masseter muscles （P 〈 0.05）, but not in the liver. The leucine-induced stimulation of protein synthesis and S6K1 and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation were completely blocked by rapamycin, suggesting that leucine action is by an mTORC1-dependent mechanism. Neither leucine nor rapamycin had any effect on the activation of the upstream mTQRC1 regulators, AMP-activated protein kinase and protein kinase B, in skeletal muscle or liver. The activation of elF2α and elongation factor 2 was not affected by leucine or rapamycin, indicating that these two pathways are not limiting steps of leucine-induced protein synthesis. These results suggest that leucine stimulates muscle protein synthesis in neonatal pigs by inducing the activation of mTORC1 and its downstream pathway leading to mRNA translation.

关键词： leucine mTORC1 neonatal pigs rapamycin skeletal muscle

Calibration of a hysteretic model for glass fiber reinforced gypsum wall panels

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2014年第2期13卷 347-355页

作者： Maganti Janardhana Robin davis P S.S.Ravichandran A.M.Prasad d.Menon JNTUH College of Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela India Leslie E.Robertson Associates Consulting Engineers (India) Pvt.Ltd Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Glass fi ber reinforced gypsum(GFRG) wall panels are prefabricated panels with hollow cores, originally developed in Australia and subsequently adopted by India and China for use in buildings. This paper discusses identifi cation and calibration of a suitable hysteretic model for GFRG wall panels fi lled with reinforced concrete. As considerable pinching was observed in the experimental results, a suitable hysteretic model with pinched hysteretic rule is used to conduct a series of quasi-static as inelastic hysteretic response analyses of GFRG panels with two different widths. The calibration of the pinching model parameters was carried out to approximately match the simulated and experimental responses up to 80% of the peak load in the post peak region. Interestingly, the same values of various parameters(energy dissipation and pinching related parameters) were obtained for all fi ve test specimens.

关键词： glass fi ber reinforced gypsum walls hysteretic model pinching model

discrete composition control of two-dimensional morphologic all-inorganic metal halide perovskite nanocrystals

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第8期30卷 257-275,I0006页

作者： Andrew Hunter davis Weiwei Zheng department of Chemistry Syracuse University13244 SyracuseUnited States

Metal halide perovskite nanocrystals(NCs)exhibit impressive optical and electronic properties,making them an important class of functional materials with promising applications in solar cells,light emitting diodes(LEds),photodetectors,and *** addition to the widely studied 0-dimensional(0 d)metal halide perovskite NCs,such as nanocubes,low dimensional perovskites,such as 2 d all-inorganic perovskite(AIP)NCs,subsist with directionally relevant quantum *** anisotropic NCs have the propensity to exhibit interesting optoelectronic properties that are exceedingly difficult to introduce into 0 d systems,yet as of late are largely *** this review,we discuss the recent synthetic progress of 2 d all-inorganic metal halide perovskite NCs with ABX3 ***,we highlight the discrete composition control of the cations(A and B sites)and anions(X site)by dopant incorporation and alloying in 2 d metal halide perovskite *** will also discuss more complex perovskite crystal structures,such as Ruddlesden-Popper double perovskites,and compare these materials to 0 d perovskite ***,our work culminates in the future interests and perspectives of this field with a focus on the wide applicability of 2 d systems and the large variance in structure capable with discrete compositional tuning.

关键词： All-inorganic perovskites Two-dimensional nanocrystals Composition doping Alloying Ion exchange

Preoperative Feeding in Single Ventricle Neonates is Predictive of Shorter Time to Goal Feed

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Congenital Heart disease 2022年第5期17卷 505-518页

作者： Alyssia Venna Kathleen Reid Sarah davis Jiaxiang Gai Yves d’Udekem Sarah Clauss department of Cardiovascular Surgery Children’s National Heart InstituteThe George Washington University School of MedicineWashington DCUSA department of Cardiology Children’s National Heart InstituteThe George Washington University School of MedicineWashington DCUSA department of Biostatistics Children’s National Heart InstituteThe George Washington University School of MedicineWashington DCUSA

Background:Patients with single ventricle anatomy are at increased risk of growth failure and *** cardiac centers,there is little standardization of feeding practices in this complex *** hypothesized that initiation of our center’s preoperative feeding protocol would result in decreased gastrostomy tube(G-tube)use,decreased length of stay and would not result in increased Necrotizing Enterocolitis(NEC)***:A single institution review of 52 patients who had undergone stage I single ventricle palliative repair was *** diagnoses were hypoplastic left heart syndrome(39%),atrioventricular canal(15%),and other(46%).Postoperative parameters such as time to goal feed and need for gastrostomy tube(G-tube)were compared among preoperatively fed and non-preoperatively fed *** to goal feed was calculated as time from first postoperative enteral feed to goal volume of 100 mL/***:Of the 26 patients who met inclusion criteria for preoperative feeding,22 patients(85%)were fed prior to *** proportional hazard ratio revealed that age at surgery(p=0.047)and being preoperatively fed(p=0.001)were associated with reaching goal feed *** analysis revealed that being preoperatively fed made a patient twice as likely to reach goal feed sooner(p=0.047).Univariable logistic regression revealed that days on total parenteral nutrition(p=0.018),length of hospitalization(p=0.008),and time to 1st postoperative feed(p=0.020)were significantly associated with higher odds of needing a G-tube *** logistic regression did not show any predictors of postoperative G-tube ***,there was a trend towards lower G-tube usage in the preoperatively fed ***:Implementing a standardized preoperative feeding protocol in single ventricle neonates can result in significantly shorter time to goal feed in preoperatively fed *** is beneficial for institutions to begin implementi

关键词： Single ventricle feeding guidelines enteral nutrition hypoplastic left heart syndrome necrotizing enterocolitis preoperative

Regulation of protein degradation pathways by amino acids and insulin in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第3期5卷 299-309页

作者： Agus Suryawan Teresa A davis United States department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center Department of PediatricsBaylor College of Medicine

Background： The rapid gain in lean mass in neonates requires greater rates of protein synthesis than degradation. We previously delineated the molecular mechanisms by which insulin and amino acids, especially leucine, modulate skeletal muscle protein synthesis and how this changes with development. In the current study, we identified mechanisms involved in protein degradation regulation. In experiment 1,6- and 26-d-old pigs were studied during 1） euinsulinemic-euglycemic-euaminoacidemic, 2） euinsulinemic-euglycemiohyperaminoacidemic, and 3） hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic-euaminoacidemic clamps for 2 h. In experiment 2, 5-d-old pigs were studied during 1） euinsulinemic-euglycemic-euaminoacidemic-euleucinemic, 2） euinsulinemic-euglycemic-hypoaminoacidemic- hyperleucinemic, and 3） euinsulinemic-euglycemic-euaminoacidemic-hyperleucinemic clamps for 24 h. We determined in muscle indices of ubiquitin-proteasome, i.e., atrogin-1 （MAFbx） and muscle RING-finger protein-1 （MuRF1） and autophagy-lysosome systems, i.e., unc51-1ike kinase 1 （UKL1）, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 （LC3）, and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 （Lamp-2）. For comparison, we measured ribosomal protein 56 （rpS6） and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E （elF4E） activation, components of translation initiation. Results： Abundance of atrogin-1, but not MuRF1, was greater in 26- than 6-d-old pigs and was not affected by insulin, amino acids, or leucine. Abundance of ULK1 and LC3 was higher in younger pigs and not affected by treatment. The LC3-11/LC3-1 ratio was reduced and ULK1 phosphorylation increased by insulin, amino acids, and leucine. These responses were more profound in younger pigs. Abundance of Lamp-2 was not affected by treatment or development. Abundance of elF4E, but not rpS6, was higher in 6- than 26-d-old-pigs but unaffected by treatment. Phosphorylation of elF4E was not affected by treatment, however, insulin, amino acids, and leucine stimulated rpS6 phosphorylation, and the resp

关键词： Amino acids Autophagy Insulin Leucine Muscle Neonate Protein degradation Protein synthesis,Swine Ubiquitin

Lead-phase and red-stripe color morphs of red-backed salamanders Plethodon cinereus differ in hematological stress indices:A consequence of differential predation pressure?

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Current Zoology 2010年第2期56卷 238-243页

作者： Andrew K.davis Joseph R.MILANOVICH d.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources The University of Georgia

Throughout the animal kingdom there are species that have two or more phenotypic forms or ‘morphs＇, and many of these are amphibians. In North America, the red-backed salamander Plethodon cinereus can have either a red dorsal stripe or no dorsal stripe （lead-phase form）, and evidence to date indicates the lead-phase form incurs a greater number of attacks from predators. In a recent collection of 51 P cinereus, blood smears of both color morphs （35 red-stripe, 16 lead-phase） were examined to obtain numbers of circulating leukocytes （via light microscopy）, which can be used to indirectly estimate levels of stress hormones in vertebrates via a ‘hematological stress index＇, which is the ratio between the number of two leukocyte types （neutrophils and lymphocytes）. Our results showed that lead-phase salamanders tended to have greater numbers of circulating neutrophils and lower numbers of circulating lymphocytes than red-stripe morphs, leading to higher average neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios in lead-phase individuals. Since the salamanders were held （refrigerated） for 7 days before sampling, we cannot be certain if this effect is a stress reaction to the captivity or the normal level for this morph. However comparison with two sets of related salamanders that were captured and sampled immediately indicates the red-stripe salamanders were either not stressed from the captivity at all, or their white blood cell distributions had returned to normal after 7 days of captivity. Taken together, our results indicate that lead-phase forms of P. cinereus have higher stress levels than the red-stripe forms, which may be a consequence of their higher exposure to, and/or attacks from, predators. They may also indicate that the lead-phase form is less-suited to captivity than the red-stripe form of this species.

关键词： Red-backed salamander Plethodon cinereus Color polyrnorphism Hematological stress index Corticosterone