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Long-term cost and efficacy analysis of latanoprost versus timolol in glaucoma patients in Germany

International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2013年第2期6卷 155-159页

作者： Ulrich Thelen Dietmar Schnober Sonja Schlzel Michael S.Kristoffersen Lindsay A.Nelson Jeanette A.Stewart william c.Stewart Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat AugenarztpraxisMünster Germany Augenarzt Werdohl Germany Department of Surgery Institutes of Molecular Medicine University of Freiburg PRN Pharmaceutical Research Network LLC Cheyenne WY USA

AIM: To evaluate 5-year effectiveness and cos between latanoprost or timolol monotherapy in a pilot ***: A retrospective, multi-center trial performed at 6 sites in Germany of patients who had a diagnosis of primary open-angle or pigmentary glaucoma, in at least one eye, initiated on monotherapy with latanoprost or timolol maleate. Qualified consecutive charts were reviewed in which 5-year efficacy, safety and cost data was ***: Seventy-seven latanoprost and 49 timolo patients were included, at the final visit no difference existed between the two groups in disc parameters including: rim area, rim area/disc area ratio, cup volume or vertical cup/disc ratio (P >0.05). There was no difference in intraocular pressure (IOP) between the initial latanoprost (17.4 ±2.6) and timolol (16.3 ±2.8mmHg) groups. There was less change in medicines over the follow-up period (0.1 vs 0.8) and fewer medications at the final visit (1.2 vs 1.8) with latanoprost compared to timolol. No patient treated with latanoprost discontinued therapy during follow-up, while 12% discontinued timolol mostly due to inadequate IOP control. cost/year was less with initial timolol ($458±236) as compared to latanoprost ($552±202). cONcLUSION: Patients begun on latanoprost o timolol and followed over 5 years may have similar clinical outcomes. However, timolol patients may require more medicines and medicine changes to control IOP for long-term, but at a lower cost.

关键词： glaucoma economic efficacy safety latanoprost timolol Germany

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Transition from wavelets to ripples in a laboratory flume with a diverging channel

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2008年第1期23卷 1-12页

作者： william B. RAUEN Roger A. FALcONER Hydro-environmental Research centre School of Engineering Cardiff University

An experimental investigation on the initiation and development of bed forms on a bed of fine silica sand was conducted under alluvial flow conditions in a laboratory flume with a diverging channel. The main aims of the study were to assess: i) the steepness of bed forms in the transition stage of development; and ii) the threshold height of wavelets (ηt) that triggered the start of ripple development. Detailed bed profile measurements were carried out using an acoustic Doppler probe, traversed longitudinally over the sediment bed at various experimentation times. The bed form dimensions were extracted from such bed profile records and analysed for the wavelet, transition and equilibrium stages. It was found that the steepness of ripples in the transition and equilibrium stages were similar, confirming predictions of previous mathematical model simulations. A lognormal distribution fitted the wavelet length data. The wavelet threshold height was estimated as ηt≈ 7 mm, or y+ ≈ 80 in wall units. Such a height magnitude suggested that ripple development could be triggered by the wavelets reaching the outer flow zone of a turbulent boundary layer. The ηt value obtained corresponded generally to the intersection point between two predictive equations for bed form dimensions. A formulation was developed to predict ηt as a function of the sediment grain size, which was confirmed for the fine sand used in this study.

关键词： Bed form Bed ripple Doppler sonar Scale model Wave height Wavelength

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Evaluation of total protein,peroxidase,and nutrients measured by pXRF for the determination of tissue rejuvenation/reinvigoration of Eucalyptus microcorys

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第5期34卷 1563-1576页

作者： Júlio cézar Tannure Faria caius Ribeiro-Kumara william Macedo Delarmelina Filipe Aiura Namorato Dione Richer Momolli Anderson cleiton José Enéas Ricardo Konzen Dulcinéia de carvalho Gilvano Ebling Brondani Department of Forestry and Wood Sciences Federal University of Espírito SantoJerônimo MonteiroEspírito SantoBrazil Department of Forest Sciences University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Espírito SantoIbatibaEspírito SantoBrazil Department of Soil Science Federal University of LavrasLavrasMinas GeraisBrazil Department of Forest Engineering Federal University of Santa MariaSanta MariaRio Grande Do SulBrazil Department of Forestry Sciences Federal University of LavrasLavrasMinas GeraisBrazil Department Interdisciplinary Federal University of Rio Grande Do SulImbéRio Grande Do SulBrazil

Ontogenetic aging of tissues and the gradual decrease of adventitious rooting are known challenges for the clonal propagation of woody species,hampering clonal forestry *** study examined possible signatures of tissue rejuvenation/reinvigoration in different propagated materials of Eucalyptus microcorys by analyzing the total protein profile,peroxidase activity,macro-and micronutrient contents,and adventitious rooting of mini *** analyses were performed on *** shoots which were successfully obtained by seminal and grafting propagation,micropropagation with epicormic shoots,and indirect *** four mature trees used in the propagation,tissues from the one with the best propagation results were investigated for signs of tissue rejuvenation and/or *** individuals from each technique were randomly selected and transferred to a semi-hydroponic"channel"*** four weeks in the seedbed,the total protein,peroxidase activity,nutrient content and rooting of the mini cuttings were ***-PAGE enabled the differentiation of leaf samples obtained by grafting from the other propagation techniques,as revealed by two distinct *** obtained by micropropagation with epicormic shoots showed the highest peroxidase activity,while those obtained by seminal propagation and from the selected mature tree showed the lowest peroxidase activity.A portable X-ray fluorescence spectroscope(pXRF)identified adequate nutrient content in most of the nutrients tested in materials obtained by seminal and grafting propagation,and by indirect *** analysis of adventitious rooting showed that the highest rooting percentage was observed in mini cuttings from seminal propagation(75%)followed by indirect organogenesis(35%).Based on principal component analysis,it was concluded that rooting of mini cuttings from both seminal propagation and indirect organogenesis was associated with phosphorous,sulphur,and potassium

关键词： Adventitious rooting Juvenility Reinvigoration Rejuvenation Ontogenetic age

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*** chen's hand replant:An accomplishment of confucian teaching and action

*** Chen's hand replant:An accomplishment of Confucian teach...

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中华医学会第10届全国显微外科学术会议暨世界首例断肢再植成功50周年庆典

作者： william c.Lineaweaver M.D.FAcS JMS Burn and Reconstructive center Brandon MississippiUSA

Any teaching or action is unique in its *** accomplished,teachings and actions can he understood as examples of principles or ***’s hand replantation illustrates specific confucian principles. I have selected citations from The Analects to generalize aspects of ***’ s accomplishments. 2:11.A man who revies the old so as to find the new is qualified to teach others. ***’s medical training included detailed anatomic studies,thorough orthopedic residency,

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Shrinkage characteristics of Lime concretion Black Soil as Affected by Biochar Amendment

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Pedosphere 2018年第5期28卷 713-725页

作者： WEI cuilan GAO Weida william Richard WHALLEY LI Baoguo Key Laboratory of Arable Land conservation (North china) Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions Ministry of Education college of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agriculture University Rothamsted Research West Common

Studies have reported that biochar is a sustainable amendment that improves the chemical and physical properties of *** this study,an incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different application rates of biochar on the cracking pattern and shrinkage characteristics of lime concretion black soil after three wetting and drying *** derived from the corn straw and peanut shell mixture was applied to the soil at rates of 0,50,100,and 150 g kg^(-1)dry weight,representing the treatments T_(0),T_(50),T_(100),and T_(150),*** the wetting and drying cycles,the cracking pattern and shrinkage characteristics of the unamended and amended soil samples were *** of biochar significantly increased soil organic carbon content in the *** soil desiccation,biochar significantly reduced the rate of water *** propagated slowly and stopped due to the relatively higher water content in the soil applied with *** cracking area density(ρ_c),equivalent width,fractal dimension,and cracking connectivity index decreased during the drying process with increasing application rate of ***ρ_(c )value of the T_(50),T_(100),and T_(150) treatments decreased by 33.6%,52.1%,and 56.9%,respectively,after three wetting and drying cycles,whereas the T_(0) treatment exhibited a marginal *** coefficient of linear extensibility,an index used to describe onedimentional shrinkage,of the unamended soil sample(T_(0))was approximately *** of 100 and 150 g kg^(-1)biochar to the soil significantly reduced the shrinkage capacity by 41.45%and 45.54%,*** slope of the shrinkage characteristics curve,which indicates the ralationship between soil void ratio and moisture ratio,decreased with increase in the application rate of ***,compared with the T_(0) treatment,the proportional shrinkage zone of the shrinkage characteristic curve of the T_(50),T_(100),and T_(150) treatm

关键词： coefficient of linear extensibility soil cracking pattern soil moisture ratio soil shrinkage characteristic curve soilstructure soil void ratio wetting and drying cycles

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Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor sertraline inhibits bone healing in a calvarial defect model

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International Journal of Oral Science 2018年第4期10卷 212-222页

作者： R.Nicole Howie Samuel Herberg Emily Durham Zachary Grey Grace Bennfors Mohammed Elsalanty Amanda c.LaRue william D.Hill James J.cray Oral Health Sciences Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA cellular Biology and Anatomy Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA Oral Biology Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA Orthopaedic Surgery Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA Research Service of the Ralph H Johnson VA Medical center CharlestonSCUSA charlie Norwood VA Medical center AugustaGAUSA Department of Regenerative Medicine and cellular Biology CharlestonSCUSA Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemNCUSA Division of Anatomy College of MedicineOhio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

Bone wound healing is a highly dynamic and precisely controlled process through which damaged bone undergoes repair and complete regeneration. External factors can alter this process, leading to delayed or failed bone wound healing. The findings of recent studies suggest that the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs) can reduce bone mass, precipitate osteoporotic fractures and increase the rate of dental implant failure. With 10% of Americans prescribed antidepressants, the potential of SSRIs to impair bone healing may adversely affect millions of patients’ ability to heal after sustaining trauma. Here, we investigate the effect of the SSRI sertraline on bone healing through pre-treatment with(10 mg·kg-1sertraline in drinking water, n = 26) or without(control, n = 30) SSRI followed by the creation of a 5-mm calvarial defect. Animals were randomized into three surgical groups:(a) empty/sham,(b) implanted with a DermaMatrix scaffold soak-loaded with sterile PBS or(c) DermaMatrix soak-loaded with542.5 ng BMP2. SSRI exposure continued until sacrifice in the exposed groups at 4 weeks after surgery. Sertraline exposure resulted in decreased bone healing with significant decreases in trabecular thickness, trabecular number and osteoclast dysfunction while significantly increasing mature collagen fiber formation. These findings indicate that sertraline exposure can impair bone wound healing through disruption of bone repair and regeneration while promoting or defaulting to scar formation within the defect site.

关键词： Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor sertraline inhibits bone healing in a calvarial defect model

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Size and shape information serve as labels in the alarm calls of Gunnison＇s prairie dogs cynomys gunnisoni

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current Zoology 2012年第5期58卷 741-748页

作者： c. N. SLOBODcHIKOFF william R. BRIGGS Patricia A DENNIS Anne-Marie c. HODGE Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama 36849 USA Present Address: Department of Zoology and Physiology University of Wyoming Laramie WY82071 USA

Some animals have the capacity to produce different alarm calls for terrestrial and aerial predators. However, it is not clear what cognitive processes are involved in generating these calls. One possibility is the position of the predator： Anything on the ground receives a terrestrial predator call, and anything in the air receives an aerial predator call. Another possibility is that animals are able to recognize the physical features of predators and incorporate those into their calls. As a way of elucidating which of these mechanisms plays a primary role in generating the structure of different calls, we performed two field experiments with Gunnison＇s prairie dogs. First, we presented the prairie dogs with a circle, a triangle, and a square, each moving across the colony at the same height and speed. Second, we presented the prairie dogs with two squares of differing sizes. DFA statistics showed that 82.6 percent of calls for the circle and 79.2 percent of the calls for the triangle were correctly classified, and 73.3 percent of the calls for the square were classified as either square or circle. Also, 100 percent of the calls for the larger square and 90 percent of the calls for the smaller square were correctly classified. Because both squares and circles are features of terrestrial predators and triangles are features of aerial predators, our results suggest that prairie dogs might have a cognitive mechanism that labels the abstract shape and size of different predators, rather than the position of the predator [current Zoology 58 （5）： 741-748, 2012].

关键词： Gunnison's prairie dogs Prairie dogs Alarm calls Referential communication

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From thermal conductive to thermal insulating:Effect of carbon vacancy content on lattice thermal conductivity of Zrc_(x)

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第23期82卷 105-113页

作者： Yue Zhou william G.Fahrenholtz Joseph Graham Gregory E.Hilmas Department of Materials Science and Engineering Missouri University of Science and TechnologyRollaMO 65409USA

Lattice thermal conductivities of zirconium carbide(Zrc_(x),x=1,0.75 and 0.5)ceramics with different carbon vacancy concentrations were calculated using a combination of first-principles calculations and the Debye-callaway *** Gruneisen parameters,Debye temperatures,and phonon group velocities were deduced from phonon dispersions of Zrc_(x) determined using first-principles *** addition,the effects of average atomic mass,grain size,average atomic volume and Zr isotopes on the lattice thermal conductivities of Zrc_(x) were analyzed using phonon scattering *** lattice thermal conductivity decreased as temperature increased for Zrc,Zrc_(0.75) and Zrc_(0.5)(Zr2 c),and decreased as carbon vacancy concentration ***,Zrc_(x) can be tailored from a thermal conducting material for Zrc with high lattice thermal conductivity to a thermal insulating material for Zrc_(0.5) with low lattice thermal ***,it opens a window to tune the thermal properties of Zrc_(x) by controlling the carbon vacancy content.

关键词： Zirconium carbide Lattice thermal conductivity Theoretical study First-principle calculations

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Rapid assembly of multilayer microfluidic structures via 3D-printed transfer molding and bonding

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2016年第1期2卷 29-37页

作者： casey c.Glick Mitchell T.Srimongkol Aaron J.Schwartz william S.Zhuang Joseph c.Lin Roseanne H.Warren Dennis R.Tekell Panitan A.Satamalee Liwei Lin Department of Physics University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA

A critical feature of state-of-the-art microfluidic technologies is the ability to fabricate multilayer structures without relying on the expensive equipment and facilities required by soft lithography-defined ***,three-dimensional(3D)printed polymer molds are used to construct multilayer poly(dimethylsiloxane)(PDMS)devices by employing unique molding,bonding,alignment,and rapid assembly ***,a novel single-layer,two-sided molding method is developed to realize two channel levels,non-planar membranes/valves,vertical interconnects(vias)between channel levels,and integrated inlet/outlet ports for fast linkages to external fluidic *** a demonstration,a single-layer membrane microvalve is constructed and tested by applying various gate pressures under parametric variation of source pressure,illustrating a high degree of flow rate *** addition,multilayer structures are fabricated through an intralayer bonding procedure that uses custom 3D-printed stamps to selectively apply uncured liquid PDMS adhesive only to bonding interfaces without clogging fluidic *** integrated alignment marks to accurately position both stamps and individual layers,this technique is demonstrated by rapidly assembling a six-layer microfluidic *** combining the versatility of 3D printing while retaining the favorable mechanical and biological properties of PDMS,this work can potentially open up a new class of manufacturing techniques for multilayer microfluidic systems.

关键词： 3D printing microfluidics PDMS

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Hypospadias： an update

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2007年第1期9卷 16-22页

作者： Alexander K. c. Leung william L. M. Robson Department of Pediatrics The University of Calgary Calgary Alberta T2M 0H5 Canada The Alberta children＇s Hospital Calgary Alberta T2M 0H5 Canada The childrens＇ clinic Calgary Alberta T2M 0H5 Canada

Hypospadias is the most common congenital anomaly of the penis. The problem usually develops sporadically and without an obvious underlying cause. The ectopically positioned urethral meatus lies proximal to the normal site and on the ventral aspect of the penis, and in severe cases opens onto the scrotum or perineum. The foreskin on the ventral surface is deficient, while that on the dorsal surface is abundant, giving the appearance of a dorsal hood. chordee is more common in severe cases. cryptorchidism and inguinal hernia are the most common associated anomalies. The frequency of associated anomalies increases with the severity of hypospadias. For isolated anterior or middle hypospadias, laboratory studies are not usually necessary. Screening for urinary tract anomalies should be considered in patients with posterior hypospadias and in those with an anomaly of at least one additional organ system. The ideal age for surgical repair in a healthy child is between 6 and 12 months of age. Most cases can be repaired in a single operation and on an outpatient basis. Even patients with a less than perfect surgical result are usually able to enjoy a satisfactory sexual life.

关键词： hypospadias sporadic cryptorchidism inguinal hernia renal anomaly repair

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