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Evolutionary Dynamics of Transposable Elements in Soybean

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Evolutionary Dynamics of Transposable Elements in Soybean

Striatal oxidative damages and neuroinflammation correlate with progression and survival of Lewy body and Alzheimer diseases

第十二届全国植物基因组学大会

作者： christian S.Hans Howard M.Laten Steven B.cannon Scott A.Jackson Randy c.shoemaker Department of Agronomy Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette 47906USA Department of Biology Loyola University ChicagoChicagoIl 60660USA

The availability of complete or nearly complete genome sequences from several plant species permits detailed discovery and cross-species comparison of transposable elements(TEs) at the whole genome level. We initially investigated 510 long terminal repeat-retrotransposon(LTR-RT) families comprising 32 370 elements in *** 87%of these elements were located in recombination suppressed pericentromeric *** analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between ratio of solo LTRs to intact elements and LTR sizes,indicating that larger LTRs facilitate solo LTR *** analysis

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来源： cnki会议评论

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第4期17卷 867-874页

作者： Huifangjie Li william c.Knight Jinbin Xu Department of Radiology Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA

Neurodegenerative diseases are a class of chronic and complex disorders featuring progressive loss of neurons in distinct brain *** mechanisms responsible for the disease progression in neurodegeneration are not fully *** this observational study,we have examined diverse biochemical parameters in the caudate and putamen of patients with Lewy body diseases(LBDs)and Alzheimer disease(AD),shedding some light on the involvement of oxidative damage and neuroinflammation in advanced *** performed Spearman and Mantel-cox analyses to investigate how oxidative stress and neuroinflammation exert comprehensive effects on disease progression and *** progression in LBDs correlated positively with poly(ADP-Ribose)and triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cell 2 levels in the striatum of LBD cohorts,indicating that potential parthanatos was a dominant feature of worsening disease progression and might contribute to switching microglial inflammatory *** progression in AD corresponds negatively with 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine(8-oxo-d G)and myeloperoxidase concentrations in the striatum,suggesting that possible mitochondria dysfunction may be involved in the progression of AD via a mechanism ofβ-amyloid entering the mitochondria and subsequent free radicals *** with lower striatal 8-oxo-d G and myeloperoxidase levels had a survival advantage in *** age of onset also affected disease *** requests for the postmortem biochemistry,genetics,and autoradiography studies were approved by the Washington University Alzheimer's Disease Research center(ADRc)Biospecimens committee(ethics approval reference number:T1705,approval date:August 6,2019).Recombinant DNA and Hazardous Research Materials were approved by the Washington University Environmental Health&Safety Biological Safety committee(approval code:3739,approval date:February 25,2020).Radioactive Material Authorization was approved

关键词： Alzheimer disease disease progression Lewy body diseases microglia neurodegeneration oxidative damage striatum survival

conversion of soy molasses,soy solubles,and dried soybean carbohydrates into ethanol

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2013年第1期6卷 62-68页

作者： craig c.Long william R.Gibbons Biology and Microbiology Department South Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSD57007 USA

Soy molasses and soy solubles are byproducts of the conventional soy protein concentrate and soy protein isolate manufacturing processes,*** of the carbohydrates in these byproducts into ethanol was *** amounts of commercial cellulase enzymes(Novozyme cellulase,β-glucosidase,and pectinase)were added to soy molasses and soy solubles solutions prepared at various solid loading rates(33%,50%,60%,75%,and 80%)to hydrolyze oligosaccharides,followed by fermentation for 96 h using Saccharomyces cerevisiae NRRL Y-2034 and Scheffersomyces stipitis NRRL ***-extracted soybean meal(SBM)carbohydrates were also fermented for 96 h without *** and *** produced about 12.5-45.0 g/L and 6.0-28.0 g/L ethanol,respectively,on molasses and solubles across these solid loading *** *** produced about 6.5-17 g/L ethanol and *** produced about 6.5-22 g/L ethanol on ethanol-extracted carbohydrates.

关键词： ethanol production soy molasses soy solubles oligosaccharides

An Arabidopsis Lipid Flippase Is Required for Timely Recruitment of Defenses to the Host- Pathogen Interface at the Plant cell Surface

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Molecular Plant 2017年第6期10卷 805-820页

作者： william Underwood Andrew Ryan Shauna c. Somerville Energy Biosciences Institute Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of california Berkeley CA 94720 USA USDA-ARS Red River Valley Agricultural Research center Sunflower and Plant Biology Research Unit Fargo ND 58102-2765 USA Division of Biological Sciences University of California San Diego CA 92161 USA

Deposition of cell wall-reinforcing papillae is an integral component of the plant immune response. TheArabidopsis PENETRATION 3 （PEN3） ATP binding cassette （ABc） transporter plays a role in defense against numerous pathogens and is recruited to sites of pathogen detection where it accumulates within papillae. However, the trafficking pathways and regulatory mechanisms contributing to recruitment of PEN3 and other defenses to the host-pathogen interface are poorly understood. Here, we report a confocal microscopy-based screen to identify mutants with altered localization of PEN3-GFP after inoculation with powdery mildew fungi. We identified a mutant, aberrant localization of PEN3 3 （alp3）, displaying accumulation of the normally plasma membrane （PM）-Iocalized PEN3-GFP in endomembrane compartments. The mutant was found to be disrupted in the P4-ATPase AMINOPHOSPHOLIPID ATPASE 3 （ALA3）, a lipid flippase that plays a critical role in vesicle formation. We provide evidence that PEN3 undergoes continuous endocytic cycling from the PM to the trans-Golgi network （TGN）. In alp3, PEN3 accumulates in the TGN, causing delays in recruitment to the host-pathogen interface. Our results indicate that PEN3 and other defense proteins continuously cycle through the TGN and that timely exit of these proteins from the TGN is critical for effective pre-invasive immune responses against powdery mildews.

关键词： plant-microbe interactions defense responses protein traffic and secretion macromolecular trafficking papilla ABc transporter

Proteomics Technologies and challenges

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2007年第2期5卷 77-85页

作者： william c.S. cho Department of clinical Oncology Queen Elizabeth Hospital

Proteomics is the study of proteins and their interactions in a cell. With the completion of the Human Genome Project, the emphasis is shifting to the protein compliment of the human organism. Because proteome reflects more accurately on the dynamic state of a cell, tissue, or organism, much is expected from proteomics to yield better disease markers for diagnosis and therapy monitoring. The advent of proteomics technologies for global detection and quantitation of proteins creates new opportunities and challenges for those seeking to gain greater understanding of diseases. High-throughput proteomics technologies combining with advanced bioinformatics are extensively used to identify molecular signatures of diseases based on protein pathways and signaling cascades. Mass spectrometry plays a vital role in proteomics and has become an indispensable tool for molecular and cellular biology. While the potential is great, many challenges and issues remain to be solved, such as mining low abundant proteins and integration of proteomics with genomics and metabolomics data. Nevertheless, proteomics is the foundation for constructing and extracting useful knowledge to biomedical research. In this review, a snapshot of contemporary issues in proteomics technologies is discussed.

关键词： proteomics mass spectrometry, protein chip

Sublethal effects of subzero temperatures on the light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana: fitness costs in response to partial freezing

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Insect Science 2019年第2期26卷 311-321页

作者： Amy c. Morey Robert c. Venette william D. Hutchison Department of Entomology University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA USDA. Forest Service Northern Research Station St. Paul Minnesota USA

Population responses to envir on mental extremes often dictate the bounds to species' distributions. However, population dynamics at, or near, those range limits may also be affected by sublethal effects. We exposed late instars and pupae of an invasive leafroller, Epiphyaspostvittana (Walker)(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), to cold temperatures and measured the effects of exposure on subsequent survivorship, development, and reproduction. cold temperature was applied as acute exposure to -10 °c (a low, but not immediately lethal temperature for this species) or the onset of freezing (the peak of the supercooling point exotherm). Survival was defined as the ability to successfully eclose as an adult. We measured immature development times, pupal mass, and adult longevity as proxies of fitness in survivors. Additionally, surviving insects were mated with individuals that had not been exposed to cold to measure fertility. There was no difference between the proportion of larvae or pupae that survived acute exposure to -10 °c and those exposed to the control temperature. Approximately 17% of larvae and 8% of pupae survived brief periods with internal ice formation and continued development to become reproductively viable adults. Importantly, surviving the onset of freezing came with significant fitness costs but not to exposure to -10 °c;most insects that survived partial freezing had lower fertility and shorter adult lifespans than either the -10 °c or control group. These results are discussed within the context of forecasting invasive in sect distributions.

关键词： fertility invasive species partial freeze tolerance supercooling point

Magnetic systems for cancer immunotherapy

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第8期11卷 2172-2196页

作者： Nicole B.Day william c.Wixson c.Wyatt Shields IV Department of chemical&Biological Engineering University of ColoradoBoulderCO 80303USA

Immunotherapy is a rapidly developing area of cancer treatment due to its higher specificity and potential for greater efficacy than traditional *** cell modulation through the administration of drugs,proteins,and cells can enhance antitumoral responses through pathways that may be otherwise inhibited in the presence of immunosuppressive *** systems offer several advantages for improving the performance of immunotherapies,including increased spatiotemporal control over transport,release,and dosing of immunomodulatory drugs within the body,resulting in reduced off-target effects and improved *** to alternative methods for stimulating drug release such as light and pH,magnetic systems enable several distinct methods for programming immune ***,we discuss how magnetic hyperthermia can stimulate immune cells and trigger thermoresponsive drug ***,we summarize how magnetically targeted delivery of drug carriers can increase the accumulation of drugs in target ***,we review how biomaterials can undergo magnetically driven structural changes to enable remote release of encapsulated ***,we describe the use of magnetic particles for targeted interactions with cellular receptors for promoting antitumor ***,we discuss translational considerations of these systems,such as toxicity,clinical compatibility,and future opportunities for improving cancer treatment.

关键词： Drug delivery Immunotherapy Magnetic hyperthermia Magnetic nanoparticles Microrobotics Biomaterials

current dichotomy between traditional molecular biological and omic research in cancer biology and pharmacology

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World Journal of clinical Oncology 2015年第6期6卷 184-188页

作者： william c Reinhold Developmental Therapeutics Branch Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of Health

There is currently a split within the cancer research community between traditional molecular biological hypothesis-driven and the more recent "omic" forms or research. While the molecular biological approach employs the tried and true single alteration-single response formulations of experimentation,the omic employs broad-based assay or sample collection approaches that generate large volumes of data. How to integrate the benefits of these two approaches in an efficient and productive fashion remains an outstanding issue. Ideally,one would merge the understandability,exactness,simplicity,and testability of the molecular biological approach,with the larger amounts of data,simultaneous consideration of multiple alterations,consideration of genes both of known interest along with the novel,cross-sample comparisons among cell lines and patient samples,and consideration of directed questions while simultaneously gaining exposure to the novel provided by the omic approach. While at the current time integration of the two disciplines remains problematic,attempts to do so are ongoing,and will be necessary for the understanding of the large cell line screens including the Developmental Therapeutics Program's NcI-60,the Broad Institute's cancer cell Line Encyclopedia,and the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute's cancer Genome Project,as well as the the cancer Genome Atlas clinical samples project. Going forward there is significant benefit to be had from the integration of the molecular biological and the omic forms or research,with the desired goal being improved translational understanding and application.

关键词： Omic Molecular biology Pharmacology cancer Integration

current surgical treatment strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma in North America

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第41期20卷 15007-15017页

作者： Adeel S Khan Kathryn J Fowler william c chapman Department of General and Vascular Surgery Aurora Bay Care Medical Center Department of Radiology Washington University School of Medicine Department of Surgery Section of Abdominal TransplantWashington University School of Medicine

Hepatocellular carcinoma(Hcc) is an aggressive tumor that often occurs in the setting of chronic liver *** patients do not initially manifest any symptoms of Hcc and present late when cure with surgical resection or transplantation is no longer *** this reason,patients at high risk for developing Hcc are subjected to frequent screening *** surgical management of Hcc is complex and requires an inter-disciplinary *** resection is the treatment of choice for Hcc in patients without cirrhosis and is indicated in some patients with early cirrhosis(child-Pugh A).Liver transplantation has emerged in the past decade as the standard of care for patients with cirrhosis and Hcc meeting Milan criteria and in select patients with Hcc beyond Milan ***-regional therapy with transarterial chemoembolization,transarterial embolization,radiofrequency ablation and other similar local treatments can be used as neo-adjuvant therapy to downstage Hcc to within Milan criteria or as a bridge to transplantation in patients on transplant wait list.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver transplantation Liver resection Transarterial chemoembolization Radiofrequency ablation