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On deaf ears, Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in pathogenesis Crohn's and other diseases

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第48期21卷 13411-13417页

作者： william C davis Department Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology College of Veterinary MedicineWashington State University

The historic suggestion that Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis(Map) might be a zoonotic pathogen was based on the apparent similarity of lesions in the intestine of patients with Crohn's disease(CD) with those present in cattle infected with Map, the etiological agent of Johne's disease. Reluctance to fully explore this possibility has been attributed to the difficulty in demonstrating the presence of Map in tissues from patients with CD. Advances in technology have resolved this problem and revealed the presence of Map in a significant proportion of patients with CD and other diseases. The seminal finding from recent investigations, however, is the detection of Map in healthy individuals with no clinical signs of disease. The latter observation indicates all humans are susceptible to infection with Map and lends support to the thesis that Map is zoonotic, with a latent stage of infection similar to tuberculosis, where infection leads to the development of an immune response that controls but does not eliminate the pathogen. This clarifies one of the reasons why it has been so difficult to document that Map is zoonotic and associated with the pathogenesis of CD and other diseases. As discussed in the present review, a better understanding of the immune response to Map is needed to determine how infection is usually kept under immune control during the latent stage of infection and elucidate the triggering events that lead to disease progression in the natural host and pathogenesis of CD and immune related diseases in humans.

关键词： Crohn's disease Johne's disease Mycobacteriumavium subsp. paratuberculosis Animal model Monoclonalantibodies Flow cytometry Cytokines

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Herbal and dietary supplement induced liver injury:Highlights from the recent literature

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World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第9期13卷 1019-1041页

作者： Stephanie M Woo william D davis Soorya Aggarwal Joseph W Clinton Sara Kiparizoska James H Lewis Department of Internal Medicine MedStar Georgetown University HospitalWashingtonDC 20007United States Department of Gastroenterology MedStar Georgetown University HospitalWashingtonDC 20007United States

Herbal-induced liver injury(HILI)is an important and increasingly concerning cause of liver toxicity,and this study presents recent updates to the *** extensive literature review was conducted encompassing September 2019 through March *** with clinically significant findings were analyzed and included in this *** emphasized those studies that provided a causality assessment methodology,such as Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method *** review includes reports of individual herbals,including Garcinia cambogia,green tea extract,kratom as well as classes such as performance enhancing supplements,Traditional Chinese medicine,Ayurvedic medicine and herbal *** described herbals include ashwagandha,boldo,skyfruit,and‘Thermo gun’.Several studies discussing data from national registries,including the United States Drug-Induced Liver Injury(DILI)Network,Spanish DILI Registry,and Latin American DILI Network were *** has also been a continued interest in hepatoprotection,with promising use of herbals to counter hepatotoxicity from anti-tubercular *** also elucidated the current legal conversation surrounding use of herbals by presenting updates from the Federal Drug *** highlights of the literature over the past year indicate interest in HILI that will continue as the supplement industry in the United States grows.

关键词： Herbal-induced liver injury Dietary supplement-induced liver injury Druginduced liver injury Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method Hepatotoxicity Liver toxicity

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Improving Diabetes Care by Data Feedback and Diabetes Templates

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2014年第11期4卷 829-833页

作者： Charles M. Sow Folashade S. Omole Gregory Strayhorn Dominic Mack william A. davis Olabisi Omole Department of Family Medicine Morehouse School of Medicine East Point USA National Center for Primary Care (NCPC) Morehouse School of Medicine Atlanta USA

Importance: Health information technology has been used to improve diabetes care and outcomes. With the implementation of our diabetes registry, we discovered several flaws in the data. Objective: The aim of this paper is to demonstrate whether improving diabetes templates in electronic medical records associated with data feedback, improves process and quality outcomes for patients with diabetes. Methods: We redesigned our chronic diseases templates and clinical flow, built a diabetes registry and used the data for feedback to educate providers, staff and address inconsistencies. A total of 724 active diabetic patients were identified in October 2009 (pre-implementation) and 731 active diabetic patients were identified in June 2011 (post-implementation). Results: The results showed an improvement in the process outcomes of ordering hemoglobin A1C every 6 months and a microalbumin every 12 months (p-value 0.05). Discussion: Data feedback and lessons learned were instrumental to our practice change.

关键词： Electronic Health Records Diabetes Registry Data Feedback

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Review of Empirical Studies on Climate Risk—Effects and Activism

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American Journal of Climate Change 2024年第2期13卷 194-208页

作者： Yehuda davis Henry He Huang Sy Syms School of Business Yeshiva University New York USA

This review focuses on major contemporary empirical studies that examine both the physical and regulatory sides of climate risk. These studies explore how climate risk affects firms’ operating performance and leverage, stock and bond valuation, cost of capital, and managerial behavior. We also discuss how the effect of climate risk on real estate markets depends on individuals’ beliefs about climate change. Furthermore, we summarize papers on climate risk activism and how firms can employ financial devices and technology to mitigate their climate risk. Finally, we make some recommendations for further research areas.

关键词： Climate Risk Climate Risk Activism Climate Risk Mitigation

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Pleistocene glaciation advances the cryptic speciation of Stellera chamaejasme *** a major biodiversity hotspot

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第6期66卷 1192-1205页

作者： Santosh Kumar Rana Hum Kala Rana Jacob BLandis Tianhui Kuang Juntong Chen Hengchang Wang Tao Deng Charles C.davis Hang Sun CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China Arkansas Biosciences Institute Arkansas State UniversityJonesboroArkansas 72401USA School of Integrative Plant Science Section of Plant Biology and the L.H.Bailey HortoriumCornell UniversityIthacaNew York 14853USA BTI Computational Biology Center Boyce Thompson InstituteIthacaNew York 14853USA CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan Botanical GardenWuhan 430074China Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology HerbariaHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusetts 02138USA

The mountains of Southwest China comprise a significant large mountain range and biodiversity hotspot imperiled by global climate *** high species diversity in this mountain system has long been attributed to a complex set of factors,and recent large-scale macroevolutionary investigations have placed a broad timeline on plant diversification that stretches from 10 million years ago(Mya)to the *** our increasing understanding of the temporal mode of speciation,finer-scale populationlevel investigations are lacking to better refine these temporal trends and illuminate the abiotic and biotic influences of cryptic *** is largely due to the dearth of organismal sampling among closely related species and populations,spanning the incredible size and topological heterogeneity of this *** study dives into these evolutionary dynamics of speciation using genomic and ecomorphological data of Stellera chamaejasme *** identified four previously unrecognized cryptic species having indistinct morphological traits and large metapopulation of evolving lineages,suggesting a more recent diversification(~2.67-0.90 Mya),largely influenced by Pleistocene glaciation and biotic *** factors likely influenced allopatric speciation and advocated cyclical warming–cooling episodes along elevational gradients during the *** study refines the evolutionary timeline to be much younger than previously implicated and raises the concern that projected future warming may influence the alpine species diversity,necessitating increased conservation efforts.

关键词： cryptic speciation glacial-interglacial Hengduan Mountains north-south migration Stellera chamaejasme

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两种富含甘氨酸的RNA结合蛋白参与选择性剪接实现对水稻耐热性的昼夜节律调控

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Science Bulletin 2024年第1期69卷 59-71页

作者：杨闯罗安妮芦海平 Seth Jon davis 刘建祥 State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Department of Biology University of YorkYork YO105DDUK

Rice(Oryza sativa L.)production is threatened by global warming associated with extreme high temperatures,and rice heat sensitivity is differed when stress occurs between daytime and ***,the underlying molecular mechanism are largely *** show here that two glycine-rich RNA binding proteins,Os GRP3 and Os GRP162,are required for thermotolerance in rice,especially at *** rhythmic expression of Os GRP3/Os GRP162 peaks at midnight,and at these coincident times,is increased by heat *** is largely dependent on the evening complex component Os *** next found that the double mutant of Os GRP3/Os GRP162 is strikingly more sensitive to heat stress in terms of survival rate and seed setting rate when comparing to the wild-type ***,the defect in thermotolerance is more evident when heat stress occurred in nighttime than that in *** heat stress,the double mutant of Os GRP3/Os GRP162 displays globally reduced expression of heat-stress responsive genes,and increases of m RNA alternative splicing dominated by *** study thus reveals the important role of Os GRP3/Os GRP162 in thermotolerance in rice,and unravels the mechanism on how Os GRP3/Os GRP162 regulate thermotolerance in a diurnal manner.

关键词： Alternative splicing Diurnal regulation Glycine-rich protein Oryza sativa L. Thermotolerance

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Socioeconomic Factors Influencing the Adoption of Cenchrus ciliaris among the Pastoralist Communities in South Baringo, Kenya

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第8期14卷 629-650页

作者： Nyambari davis Mathew Ogendi George Morara Atalitsa Caren Navalia Dryland Research Training & Ecotourism Centre Egerton University Kenya Directorate of Post-Graduate Studies Egerton University Kenya Department of Environmental Science Egerton University Kenya

Land degradation poses significant threats to food and environmental security globally. In arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs), livestock production is an important and significant livelihood. Unfortunately, overstocking and overgrazing have diminished pasture availability, and thus adversely impacting on the sector’s contribution to food security for many ASAL communities. The Global Environment Facility’s Small Grants Program in its quest to combat soil erosion, deforestation, and Prosopis juliflora invasion in the Lake Bogoria Landscape, Baringo County, Kenya has supported the establishment of Cenchrus ciliaris (buffel grass) since 2018. Despite its introduction and establishment, the socioeconomic factors influencing its adoption remain undocumented. This study evaluated these factors in three administrative wards, namely: Ilchamus, Mochongoi, and Marigat of Baringo South Sub-County. Data was collected from 103 households using a semi-structured questionnaire, key informant interviews (KIIs), and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Our results revealed that Cenchrus ciliaris adoption has partially reduced soil erosion and deforestation, improved livelihoods and environmental conservation. Nearly 50% of the respondents have established 2 to 5 acres of buffel grass pasturelands on their farms. The level of education of the respondents for had a significant association with the participants’ knowledge regarding the advantages of pasture production for environmental conservation (χ2 = 16.93;p χ2 = 77.71;p χ2 = 18.3;p χ2 = 3.8;p Cenchrus ciliaris value chain are recommended as practical strategies of enhancing livestock production and environmental conservation in Kenya’s ASALs.

关键词： Cenchrus ciliaris Pasture Ecology Conservation

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Heterocyclic Molecules Tethered Branched Polymers with Innate Immune Stimulating Activity

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第5期6卷 1278-1288页

作者： Jiayu Zhao Liping Liu Yibo Wang Zichao Huang Yu Zhang Ruirui Qiao Thomas P.davis Zhaohui Tang Wantong Song Xuesi Chen Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022 School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026 Laboratory of Chemical Biology Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022 Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory Changchun 130022 Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueensland 4072

We report herein an interesting finding that heterocyclic molecules tethered branched polymers exhibit innate immune stimulating *** we conjugated a series of five-,six-,or seven-membered heterocyclic molecules to branched polyethylenimine(bPEI),over 70%of them could induce the secretion of interferon-β(IFN-β)from murine dendritic and human leukemia monocytic(DC2.4 and THP-1)cells through activating the stimulator of interferon genes(STING)*** further proved that this kind of innate stimulating activity was dependent on the macromolecular architecture as heterocyclic molecules tethered linear PEI(lPEI)or dendritic polyamidoamine(PAMAM)induced no or much less IFN-β***,we prepared a series of poly-L-lysine(PLL)-derivatives with different branches to tether with heterocyclic molecules and proved that this kind of bPEI-like structure was important in en hancing the binding affinity with STING proteins and for exhibiting innate stimulating activity.

关键词： bioactive materials polymers heterocycles branched structure immunity

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Markers of Oocyte Quality to Enhance Human IVF Outcomes: A Bibliographic Review

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2024年第1期14卷 102-121页

作者： Muhammad Kayanja Moses Tiri Mark Muyigo davis Rujumba Nyiro Brian Kalule Francis Neogenesis Fertility Centre Kampala Uganda IVI Valencia Valecia Spain College of Health Sciences Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology Makerere University Makerere Uganda Zoetis ALPHA Plus Initiative Zaventum Belgium Faculty of Science and Technology University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

The markers of oocyte quality have remained a major controversy in the field of embryology due to the subjectivity of the different methods of oocyte assessment. Various scholars use oocyte quality and oocyte competence interchangeably. Oocyte quality can be defined as the overall health of an oocyte whereas oocyte competence refers to the ability of an oocyte to be fertilized and develop into a healthy embryo. Diminished oocyte quality is believed to be a result of alterations in oocyte growth and maturation processes that stem from several pelvic and systemic factors before and after oocyte retrieval. In this review, we focus on the morphological and nonmorphological markers of oocyte quality. Strict restrictions that limit the number of oocytes fertilized in various countries have triggered researchers around the world to come up with the most appropriate and noninvasive markers that enhance oocyte selection and optimize IVF outcomes. PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library were used to search for peer-reviewed, original articles about oocyte quality markers. The review was written in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Morphological markers are commonly used, but they are subjective, and no single marker can be used exclusively to predict oocyte competence and subsequent embryonic development potential. Furthermore, transcriptomics of differentially expressed genes in cumulus cells and assessment of metabolomics and other contents of follicular fluid have shown greater precision. However, their specificity to the different quality determinants needs further research.

关键词： Oocyte Quality Oocyte Competence Metabolomics Transcriptomics Oocyte Morphology

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Coordinating environmental protection and agricultural development: a village-based case study for promoting green transformation

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 100-112页

作者： Kemo JIN Nico HEERINK william JDAVIES Jianbo SHEN Yifeitong ZHANG Yong HOU Yaqiao ZHAO Zhengxiong ZHAO Fusuo ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management College of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Department of Social Sciences Wageningen University and Research6700 AA Wageningenthe Netherlands Lancaster Environment Centre University of LancasterLancasterLA14YQUK College of Agricultural and environmental science University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA College of Economics and Management Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming 650201China College of Resources and Environment Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming 650201China

Balancing ecological preservation with sustainable agricultural practices is a global issue. Erhai Lake has felt this challenge keenly. To address it, in 2022, a Science and Technology Backyards(STBs) project was launched in Gusheng Village. The goal of this is to care for the environment while ensuring that farms and farmers can thrive sustainably. The uniqueness of the Erhai STB arises from its interdisciplinary integration, encompassing fields such as ecology, agronomy and social science, resulting in specifically-designed solutions for the Erhai context. While this model aligns with broader STB paradigms, its distinctive edge lies in technological innovation and robust support mechanisms for local agricultural stakeholders. This paper describes the methodology and outcomes of the STB initiative, highlighting its pivotal role in spearheading sustainable transition in Erhai. Preliminary findings underscore the potential of the STB model as an efficacious tool for harmonizing environmental conservation and agricultural practices, that are both financially and environmentally sustainable, rendering it a potential model for comparable regions in China and other counties.

关键词： Agriculture green development Science and Technology Backyards Erhai environmental protection smallholders

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