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Patient aggression towards receptionists in general practice: a systematic review

Family Medicine and Community Health 2023年第3期11卷 114-140页

作者： Fiona willer David Chua Lauren Ball Centre for Community Health and Wellbeing The University of QueenslandSaint LuciaQueenslandAustralia School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia

Objective General practice receptionists provide an essential function in the healthcare system but routinely encounter acts of incivility and aggression from patients,including hostility,abuse and *** study was conducted to summarise what is known about patient-initiated aggression towards general practice receptionists,including impacts on reception staff and existing mitigation *** Systematic review with convergent integrated *** criteria Studies published at any time in English that examine patient aggression experiences of reception staff in primary care *** sources Searches of five major databases were performed(CINAHL Complete,Scopus,PubMed,Healthcare Administration Database and Google Scholar)to August *** Twenty studies of various designs were included,ranging from the late 1970s to 2022 and originating from five OECD *** were assessed as high quality using a validated *** articles represented 4107 participants;21.5%were general practice *** studies reported that displays of aggression towards receptionists by patients were a frequent and routine occurrence in general practice,particularly verbal abuse such as shouting,cursing,accusations of malicious behaviour and use of racist,ablest and sexist *** infrequent,physical violence was widely *** appointment scheduling systems,delayed access to doctors and prescription denial appeared common *** adapted their behaviour and demeanour to placate and please patients to avoid escalation of patient frustrations at the cost of their own well-being and clinic *** in patient aggression management increased receptionist confidence and appeared to decrease negative *** support for general practice reception staff who had experienced patient aggression was generally lacking,with a small proportion receiving professional couns

关键词： routine behaviour please

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网络结构与权力分配:要素论的解释

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社会学研究 2011年第2期25卷 134-166,245页

作者：刘军 David willer Pamela Emanuelson 哈尔滨工程大学社会学系美国南卡罗来纳大学社会学系美国北达科他州立大学社会学系

中国的社会网研究很少关注网络结构与权力分配之间的关系,这恰是要素论的贡献。在介绍影响、社会关系、社会行动者等基本"要素"之后,本文分析了要素论的建模原理及多种结构条件,并简析其优势所在。要素论研究发现,权力的分配取决于行动... 详细信息

中国的社会网研究很少关注网络结构与权力分配之间的关系,这恰是要素论的贡献。在介绍影响、社会关系、社会行动者等基本"要素"之后,本文分析了要素论的建模原理及多种结构条件,并简析其优势所在。要素论研究发现,权力的分配取决于行动者的偏好、信念、关系类型及诸多结构条件,因此,核心点未必有权。要素论根据网络结构预测权力的分配,这是其独特之处。该理论的其他优势有:坚持理论导向的实验研究,揭示了权力来源于"排除"机制,运用分析—组合法,可用于研究大型的、复杂的社会历史结构。本文最后讨论了要素论的未来方向,包括考虑到行动者的属性和结构的转换以及关系的要素论研究会加深对中国社会的认识等。

关键词：权力要素论网络结构关系研究网络交换论社会网络分析

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强制结构理论及实验检验

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社会 2013年第4期33卷 176-192页

作者：刘军 David willer Pamela Emanuelson 哈尔滨工程大学社会学系美国南卡罗来纳大学社会学系美国北达科他州立大学社会学与人类学系

学术界对强制关系的研究较少,尽管它无处不在。本文基于要素论探讨强制结构的含义、分类及模型,重点探讨了间接强制结构的效应。间接强制是涉及至少三个行动者的一类"不给钱就制裁,给钱就‘保护’你"的结构关系。实验研究结果表明,在边... 详细信息

学术界对强制关系的研究较少,尽管它无处不在。本文基于要素论探讨强制结构的含义、分类及模型,重点探讨了间接强制结构的效应。间接强制是涉及至少三个行动者的一类"不给钱就制裁,给钱就‘保护’你"的结构关系。实验研究结果表明,在边界条件内,间接强制结构与直接强制结构一样有效力,即有类似的强制幅度和力度,二者都使强制者获得最大的剥夺率。本文最后讨论了影响强制效果的因素,包括强制者的贪欲与策略、强—强联盟及受制者联盟的效应等。

关键词：强制社会网络三方关系网络交换论

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生态农业和有机农业的创新

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中国生态农业学报（中英文） 2021年第3期29卷 423-430页

作者： Urs Niggli Qiyan Wang-Muller Helga willer Jacques Fuchs Research Institute of Organic Agriculture(FiBL) Vienna A-1010Austria Research Institute of Organic Agriculture(FiBL) Frick CH-5070Switzerland Swiss Chinese Herbal Medicine and Functional Food Innovation Center(SwissHerbs) Zürich CH-8008Switzerland

现代农业系统在明显提高产量、保证粮食安全的同时,也对人类健康和地球的可持续性产生了影响。在持续不断的严重环境破坏和自然资源毁坏的背景下,建立可持续的农业生产方式至关重要。生态农业和有机农业是减少生态可持续性和生产力及社... 详细信息

现代农业系统在明显提高产量、保证粮食安全的同时,也对人类健康和地球的可持续性产生了影响。在持续不断的严重环境破坏和自然资源毁坏的背景下,建立可持续的农业生产方式至关重要。生态农业和有机农业是减少生态可持续性和生产力及社会可持续之间权衡关系的重要方法。这两种农业方法都属生态集约化范畴,均具有减少环境污染的巨大潜力;然而,生态农业和有机农业常导致产量降低。虽然产量降低带来的损失可以通过改变人们的饮食习惯来弥补(如减少食物浪费、减少食用精饲料喂养的肉类),但是,由于全球的发展趋势与之相反,因此本文探讨了通过科学研究寻求新的解决方案前景来提高低投入农业系统作物产量的可能性。为权衡生产力与可持续发展的关系,使生态农业和有机农业有助于粮食安全,我们对未来研究提出5点建议:1)农场和田地的景观设计与复合种植模式、2)数字化技术的应用、3)以农田低投入为目标的作物育种、4)农业废弃物的高质量循环利用和5)非化学作物保护。

关键词：生态农业生产力有机农业系统导向性研究

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Newly established autonomous adaptive low-power instrument platform(AAL-PIP) chain on East Antarctic Plateau and operation

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Advances in Polar Science 2019年第4期30卷 362-374页

作者： Zhonghua XU Michael DHARTINGER Robert CLAUER Daniel WEIMER Kshitija DESHPANDE Hyomin KIM Stephen MUSKO Anna willer Thomas EDWARDS Shane COYLE Yuxiang PENG Dong LIN John BOWMAN Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA Center for Space Plasma Physics Space Science InstituteBoulderCO 80301USA Department of Physical Sciences Embry-Riddle Aeronautical UniversityDaytona BeachFL 32114USA Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research New Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ 07102USA Space Physics Research Laboratory College of EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA DTU Space National Space InstituteTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark

An autonomous adaptive low-power instrument platform(AAL-PIP)chain of six stations has been newly established on East Antarctic Plateau along the 40°geomagnetic meridian,to investigate interhemispheric geomagnetically conjugate current systems,waves,and other space weather phenomena in Polar *** six stations,PG0 to PG5,which host low-power magnetometers(Fluxgate and Searchcoil),dual frequency GPS receivers,HF radio experiment,and run autonomously with solar power and two-way satellite communication,are designated at the geomagnetically conjugate(based on the International Geomagnetic Reference Field)locations of the West Greenland geomagnetic chain covering magnetic latitudes from 70°to 80°.We present the development,deployment,and operation of this chain,as well as the data collected by the chain and some preliminary scientific results showing evidence of interhemispheric asymmetries,which are important to better understand Solar Wind–Magnetosphere–Ionosphere(SWMI)coupling in Polar *** investigations focus on magnetic impulse(MI)events,traveling convection vortices(TCVs),and ultra-low frequency(ULF)waves in the coupled southern and northern hemispheres.

关键词： magnetometers magnetic perturbation magnetic conjugate

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强制关系:理论模型及实验检验

强制关系:理论模型及实验检验

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2011年中国社会学年会——“社会稳定与社会管理机制创新”论坛

作者：刘军 David willer Pamela Emanuelson 哈尔滨工程大学社会学系美国南卡罗来纳大学社会学系美国北达科他州立大学社会学系

因受布劳、科塞等学者的误导和影响,社会学界对交换关系、冲突关系的研究较多,对强制关系,特别是间接强制关系很少探究,尽管它无处不在。本文基于要素论探讨直接强制结构和间接强制结构的含义、分类,构建了直接强制及间接强制关系的模型... 详细信息

因受布劳、科塞等学者的误导和影响,社会学界对交换关系、冲突关系的研究较多,对强制关系,特别是间接强制关系很少探究,尽管它无处不在。本文基于要素论探讨直接强制结构和间接强制结构的含义、分类,构建了直接强制及间接强制关系的模型,并重点探讨后者。间接强制是涉及至少三方的结构关系,本文利用实验法,从强制的幅度和力度角度检验间接强制结构是否像直接强制结构一样有效。结果表明:在实验的范围条件下,间接强制的效用与直接强制的效用都接近最大的剥夺率,这表明间接强制是起作用的。最后讨论了影响间接强制效果的诸多因素,包括强制者的贪欲与受制者的抵抗、强制者联盟及受制者联盟的效应、信息效应等。由于上访者没想到自己追求的强制是"虚假间接强制",因此在蒙受巨大损失后,依然只能无功而返。

关键词：强制实验法要素论社会网络社会结构三方关系

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ENABLING CROP DIVERSIFICATION TO SUPPORT TRANSITIONS TOWARD MORE SUSTAINABLE EUROPEAN AGRIFOOD SYSTEMS

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021年第3期8卷 474-480页

作者： Antoine MESSEAN Loïc VIGUIER Lise PARESYS Jean-Noel AUBERTOT Stefano CANALI Pietro IANNETTA Eric JUSTES Alison KARLEY Beatrix KEILLOR Laura KEMPER Frédéric MUEL Barbara PANCINO Didier STILMANT Christine WATSON Helga willer Raul ZORNOZA French National Institute for Agriculture Food and Environment(INRAE)Eco-InnovF-78850 Thiverval-GrignonFrance French National Institute for Agriculture Food and Environment(INRAE)UMR AGIRToulouseFrance Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment(CREA-AA) 00184 RomeItaly The James Hutton Institute InvergowrieDundeeDD25DAUK French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development(CIRAD) Persyst DepartmentF-34398 MontpellierFrance Research Institute of Organic Agriculture(FiBL) 5070 FrickSwitzerland Terres Inovia F-78850 Thiverval-GrignonFrance University of Tuscia Department of EconomicsEngineeringSociety and Business Organization01100 ViterboItaly Wallon Agricultural Research Centre(CRA-W) Sustainabilitysystems and prospectives DepartmentB-6800 LibramontBelgium Scotland’s Rural College(SRUC) Craibstone EstateAberdeen AB219YAUK Technical University of Cartagena Department of Agricultural EngineeringCartagenaSpain

European cropping systems are often characterized by short rotations or even monocropping,leading to environmental issues such as soil degradation,water eutrophication,and air pollution including greenhouse gas emissions,that contribute to climate change and biodiversity *** use of diversification practices(i.e.,intercropping,multiple cropping including cover cropping and rotation extension),may help enhance agrobiodiversity and deliver ecosystem services while developing new value *** its benefits,crop diversification is hindered by various technical,organizational,and institutional barriers along value chains(input industries,farms,trading and processing industries,retailers,and consumers)and within sociotechnical systems(policy,research,education,regulation and advisory).Six EU-funded research projects have joined forces to boost crop diversification by creating the European Crop Diversification Cluster(CDC).This Cluster aggregates research,innovation,commercial and citizen-focused partnerships to identify and remove barriers across the agrifood system and thus enables the uptake of diversification measures by all European value-chain *** CDC will produce a typology of barriers,develop tools to accompany actors in their transition,harmonize the use of multicriteria assessment indicators,prepare policy recommendations and pave the way for a long-term network on crop diversification.

关键词： crop rotation lock-in intercropping multiple cropping networking

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Bone mineral density in cone beam computed tomography:Only a few shades of gray

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World Journal of Radiology 2014年第8期6卷 607-612页

作者： Marcio José da Silva Campos Thainara Salgueiro de Souza Sergio Luiz Mota Júnior Marcelo Reis Fraga Robert willer Farinazzo Vitral Department of Orthodontics Juiz de Fora Federal University 36036-900 Minas Gerais Brasil

Cone beam computed tomography(CBCT) has often been used to determine the quality of craniofacial bone structures through the determination of mineral density, which is based on gray scales of the images obtained. However, there is no consensus regarding the accuracy of the determination of the gray scales in these exams. This study aims to provide a literature review concerning the reliability of CBCT to determine bone mineral density. The gray values obtained with CBCT show a linear relationship with the attenuation coefficients of the materials, Hounsfield Units values obtained with medical computed tomography, and density values from dual energy X-ray absorciometry. However, errors are expected when CBCT images are used to define the quality of the scanned structures be-cause these images show inconsistencies and arbitrari-ness in the gray values, particularly when related to abrupt change in the density of the object, X-ray beam hardening effect, scattered radiation, projection data discontinuity-related effect, differences between CBCTdevices, changes in the volume of the field of view(FOV), and changes in the relationships of size and position between the FOV and the object evaluated. A few methods of mathematical correction of the gray scales in CBCT have been proposed; however, they do not generate consistent values that are independent of the devices and their configurations or of the scanned objects. Thus, CBCT should not be considered the ex-amination of choice for the determination of bone and soft tissue mineral density at the current stage, par-ticularly when values obtained are to be compared to predetermined standard values. Comparisons between symmetrically positioned structures inside the FOV and in relation to the exomass of the object, as it occurs with the right and left sides of the skull, seem to be viable because the effects on the gray scale in the re-gions of interest are the same.

关键词： Tomography Cone-Beam computed tomography Bone mineral density Reproducibility of results

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关于相衬成像和暗场乳腺钼靶摄影来提高乳腺癌多发病灶的可视化特性的体外研究

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国际医学放射学杂志 2016年第1期 100-101页

作者： S.Grandl K.Scherer A.S.Gaul L.Birnbacher K.willer M.Chabior 项蕾 Institute of Clinical Radiology Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich

摘要目的常规X线衰减与女性乳腺的软组织成分间对比比较低。为了克服这个限制,通过暗场乳腺钼靶检查新鲜的乳腺标本里的确切肿瘤结构来研究诊断优势。方法使用紧凑的、实验型Talbot-Lau干涉仪,采用光栅吸收、绝对相位和暗场乳腺钼靶对... 详细信息

摘要目的常规X线衰减与女性乳腺的软组织成分间对比比较低。为了克服这个限制,通过暗场乳腺钼靶检查新鲜的乳腺标本里的确切肿瘤结构来研究诊断优势。方法使用紧凑的、实验型Talbot-Lau干涉仪,采用光栅吸收、绝对相位和暗场乳腺钼靶对至少含2个或以上乳腺占位的3个新鲜乳腺切除标本进行检查。观察所有乳腺样本的术前影像检查(数字乳腺钼靶、超声、MRI)、术后组织病理学分析和体外的数字乳腺钼靶,来验证研究结果。结果对于多病灶肿瘤生长的诊断,暗场乳腺钼靶优于标准乳腺成像模式,在小的钙化肿瘤结节中能提供更好的分辨力;可以区分肿瘤边界,如

关键词：乳腺钼靶标本暗场

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X线暗场胸部成像:健康人的定性和定量结果

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国际医学放射学杂志 2022年第1期 106-106页

作者： F.T.Gassert T.Urban M.Frank K.willer W.Noichl P.Buchberger 孙羽

摘要 X线暗场应用的是X射线的波动特性，由于肺泡中有许多空气组织界面，因此肺部呈相对较高的信号。目的描述健康人体X线暗场图像的定性和定量特征。材料与方法

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