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Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer’s disease

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2022年第2期12卷 496-510页

作者： Benjamin R.troutwine Laylan Hamid Colton R.Lysaker taylor A.Strope Heather M.wilkins Department of Neurology University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas CityKS 66160USA University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center Kansas CityKS 66160USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA

Genetic variation in apolipoprotein E(APOE)influences Alzheimer’s disease(AD)risk.APOEε4 alleles are the strongest genetic risk factor for late onset sporadic AD.the AD risk is dose dependent,as those carrying one APOEε4 allele have a 2-3-fold increased risk,while those carrying twoε4 alleles have a 10-15-fold increased risk.Individuals carrying APOEε2 alleles have lower AD risk and those carrying APOEε3 alleles have neutral risk.APOE is a lipoprotein which functions in lipid transport,metabolism,and inflammatory modulation.Isoform specific effects of APOE within the brain include alterations to Aβ,tau,neuroinflammation,and metabolism.Here we review the association of APOE with AD,the APOE isoform specific effects within brain and periphery,and potential therapeutics.

关键词： Apolipoprotein E Alzheimer’s disease Mitochondria Neuroinflammation Amyloid beta tau

Laser-induced fluorescence of macerals in relation to its hydrogen richness

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第10期45卷 946-952页

作者： N.Sherwood R.W.t.wilkins CSIRO Division of Petroleum P.O.Box 136North Ryde 1670Australia

On the basis of results from conventional elemental analyses and a unique technique (FAMM? fluorescence alteration of multiple macerals), using a laser fluorescence microprobe, the fluorescence characteristics of various macerals are systematically related to hydrogen content. the amount of fluorescence from inertinite and vitrinite exponentially increases with H/C values. Although liptinite has high fluorescence and high H/C values, the relationship does not follow the same trend as defined for the other maceral groups. Because petroleum yields of a maceral mainly depend upon hydrogen richness, a correlation also exists between fluorescence, and gas to oil ratios from pyrolysis. Because individual organic entities are measured, the laser fluorescence microprobe has the benefit of accommodating heterogeneous organic matter in source rocks and enables determination of oil and gas yields of specific macerals.

关键词： laser fluorescence microprobe individual maceral fluorescence hydrogen richness oil and gas yields source rock assessment.

WONCA研究论文摘要汇编——初级保健医生进行结肠癌筛查安全性和有效性的Meta分析

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中国全科医学 2016年第16期19卷 1975-1975页

作者：本刊编辑部 wilkins t LeClair B Smolkin M

目的目前,参与国家结肠癌筛查项目的内镜医师数量较少,而初级保健医生可以填补这一空缺,本研究旨在探讨初级保健医生进行结肠癌筛查的安全性和有效性。方法系统检索Medline和EMBase数据库中与初级保健医生结肠癌筛查安全性和有效性有关... 详细信息

目的目前,参与国家结肠癌筛查项目的内镜医师数量较少,而初级保健医生可以填补这一空缺,本研究旨在探讨初级保健医生进行结肠癌筛查的安全性和有效性。方法系统检索Medline和EMBase数据库中与初级保健医生结肠癌筛查安全性和有效性有关的文献,检索时间均为建库至2007年12月;同时手动检索纳入文献的参考文献,以查补缺漏。由两名研究员独立进行资料提取,采用随机效应模型计算各指标结果及95%CI。结果共检索到文献590篇,纳入合格文献12篇。涉及初级保健医生18 292例,其中50.5%为女性,中位年龄为59岁。初级保健医生的腺瘤检出率为28.9%〔95%CI(20.4%,39.3%)〕,腺癌检出率为1.7%〔95%CI(0.9%,3.0%)〕,盲肠癌检出率为89.2%〔95%CI(80.1%,94.4%)〕。患者的主要并发症发生率为0.04%〔95%CI(0.01%,0.07%)〕;无死亡病例。结论初级保健医生进行结肠癌筛查的安全性和有效性较高,符合美国胃肠道内窥镜学会、美国胃肠病学协会及美国胃肠内镜外科医师学会的推荐标准。

关键词：结肠癌筛查初级保健医生 Meta分析 WONCA 内镜医师胃肠病学癌检出率随机效应模型系统检索医师学会

Mitochondrial links between brain aging and Alzheimer’s disease

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translational Neurodegeneration 2021年第3期10卷 421-431页

作者： Heather M.wilkins Russell H.Swerdlow University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center Kansas CityKSUSA Departments of Neurology University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Medical CenterUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityUSA Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology Medical CenterUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA

Advancing age is a major risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease(AD).this raises the question of whether AD biology mechanistically diverges from aging biology or alternatively represents exaggerated aging.Correlative and modeling studies can inform this question,but without a frm grasp of what drives aging and AD it is difcult to defnitively resolve this quandary.this review speculates over the relevance of a particular hallmark of aging,mitochondrial function,to AD,and further provides background information that is pertinent to and provides perspective on this speculation.

关键词： Aging Alzheimer’s disease Mitochondria Mitochondrial DNA

A method for assessing nanomaterial dispersion quality based on principal component analysis of particle size distribution data

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Particuology 2015年第5期13卷 30-38页

作者： R.tantra C.Oksel K.N.Robinson A.Sikora X.Z.Wang t.A.wilkins National Physical Laboratory Institute of Particle Science and Engineering School of Chemical and Process EngineeringUniversity of Leeds

Seemingly contradictory findings between studies are a major issue in nanoecotoxicological research and have been explained as a result of the lack of comparability between assay methods, with dispersion of nanomaterials being identified as a key factor. Here we show the use of a multivariate method, principal component analysis （PCA）, as a tool in protocol development and categorization of dispersion quality. Results show the significance of particle concentration within a protocol, and its effect on repeatability. Our results suggest that future studies should involve the use of PCA as a powerful data exploration tool to facilitate method development, comparability and integration of data across different laboratories.

关键词： Nanomaterial characterization Principal component analysis Nanotoxicology Dispersion Particle size distribution

Lignin bioconversion into valuable products:fractionation,depolymerization,aromatic compound conversion,and bioproduct formation

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Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing 2021年第2期1卷 166-185页

作者： Mengxing Li Mark wilkins Department of Biological Systems Engineering The University of Nebraska-Lincoln211 Chase Hall3605 Fair StLincoln 68583USA Department of Statistics The University of Nebraska-LincolnLincoln 68583USA Department of Food Science and technology University of Nebraska-LincolnLincoln 68588USA Industrial Agricultural Products Center University of Nebraska-LincolnLincoln 68583USA

Lignin fractionation and depolymerization generates heterogeneous streams of aromatic compounds and conversion of aromatic compounds into valuable products,but it is not efficient.Many microbes in nature have evolved metabolic path-ways to convert complex lignin polymers into aromatic compounds and transform these aromatic compounds into central intermediates for bioproduct synthesis.the objective of this paper is to review the recent process development of lignin bioconversion into aromatic compounds and bioproducts.Lignin structural and molecular changes during fractionation and depolymerization are presented.Subsequent lignin conversion into aromatic compounds by upper pathways and further converted into central metabolites and bioproducts via lower pathways are emphasized.In particular,enzymes and mediator systems to enhance lignin conversion and key intermediates in lignin catabolic pathways are discussed.Strategies to enhance bioproduct formation through lignin valorization are summarized.

关键词： Lignin Aromatic compounds Metabolic pathways Bioproducts Strategies

Reverse-time Migration from Rugged topography to Image Ground-Penetrating Radar Data in Complex Environments

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Engineering 2018年第5期4卷 661-666页

作者： John H. Bradford Janna Privette David wilkins Richard Ford Department of Geosciences Boise State University Boise ID 83725-1535 USA Department of Geosciences Weber State University Ogden UT 84408-2507 USA

探地雷达偏移成像中,基于高程静校正的基准面偏移方法对起伏地表下的复杂地层成像效果较差。为了优化成像效果,本文提出了一种基于麦克斯韦方程组二阶解耦形式的逆时偏移成像(reversetime migration,RtM)算法,该算法特点在于只需计算电... 详细信息

探地雷达偏移成像中,基于高程静校正的基准面偏移方法对起伏地表下的复杂地层成像效果较差。为了优化成像效果,本文提出了一种基于麦克斯韦方程组二阶解耦形式的逆时偏移成像(reversetime migration,RtM)算法,该算法特点在于只需计算电场,且可直接从采集面而非基准面进行波场延拓,进而实现地形逆时偏移。数值模拟比较了高程静校正偏移方法和RtM方法在地表起伏及速度横向变化情况下的成像效果,结果证明RtM方法成像效果更好。为了进一步验证算法效果,利用美国犹他州珊瑚粉沙丘崎岖地形下的实测数据对两种方法进行了对比分析。研究表明,逆时偏移成像方法能够极大地提高复杂环境下探地雷达深度成像精度。

关键词：雷达探测深度风成沉积地质学

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硬X射线位相衬度成象

物理学报 2000年第12期49卷 2357-2368页

作者：高大超 A.POGANY A.W.StEVENSON t.GUREYEV S.W.wilkins 麦振洪 Commonwealth Science and Industry Research Organization Manufacturing Science & technology PB33 Clayton South MDCVictoria3169Australia 中国科学院物理研究所和凝聚态物理中心北京100080

常规X射线成象技术是建立在吸收衬度和几何光学基础上 .介绍了“in line”位相衬度成象技术和成象理论 .以生物样品为例 ,说明常规X射线吸收衬底成象与位相衬度成象的差别 ,并对X射线源尺寸对成象衬度的影响进行了研究 .此外 ,对吸收衬... 详细信息

常规X射线成象技术是建立在吸收衬度和几何光学基础上 .介绍了“in line”位相衬度成象技术和成象理论 .以生物样品为例 ,说明常规X射线吸收衬底成象与位相衬度成象的差别 ,并对X射线源尺寸对成象衬度的影响进行了研究 .此外 ,对吸收衬底象和位相衬度象的关键参量进行了计算模拟和讨论 .

关键词：位相衬度成象硬X射线

Hepatic abscess associated with Salmonella serotype B in a chronic alcoholic patient

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2013年第4期12卷 440-442页

作者： Sidhartha S tulachan Charles E wilkins Anthony F Cutrona David Gemmel thomas P Marnejon Department of Internal Medicine St Elizabeth Health Center1044 Belmont AvenueYoungstown OH 44501 USA Department of Infectious Disease St Elizabeth Health Center1044 Belmont AvenueYoungstown OH 44501 USA Department of Research St Elizabeth Health Center1044 Belmont AvenueYoungstown OH 44501 USA

BACKGROUND: Hepatic abscess secondary to Salmonella is extremely rare in the United States and other Western countries. MEtHODS: A 43-year-old Caucasian man, with a history of chronic alcohol abuse, was admitted to the hospital for intermittent abdominal pain, fever and diarrhea. Clinical radiological and laboratory results were analyzed. Medical literature in PubMed pertaining to similar cases was reviewed. RESULtS: Stool culture was positive for Salmonella serotype B and a Ct scan of the abdomen with contrast was consistent with a solitary hepatic abscess. Appropriate intravenous antibiotics followed by oral maintenance therapy for six weeks resulted in a complete clinical recovery and radiographic resolution. CONCLUSIONS: the cause of Salmonella hepatic abscess in our patient was most likely associated with decreased mucosal resistance to the bacteria, seeding of infection via transient portal bacteremia and loss of host immunity. Our case highlights the fact that appropriate antibiotic alone is sufficient in the management of a solitary hepatic abscess less than 3-5 cm.

关键词： hepatic abscess Salmonella alcoholic hypochlorhydria antibiotics