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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第12期20卷 1458-1462页

作者： GONG Zongqiang LI Peijun B. M. wilke Kassem Alef Instirute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Institute of Ecology Berlin University of Technology Berlin 10587 Germany

Vegetable oil has the ability to extract polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)from contaminated sandy soil for a remediation purpose,with some of the oil remaining in the *** most of the PAHs were removed,the risk of residue oil in the soil was not *** objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the vegetable oil residue on higher plant growth and sandy soil properties after soil extraction for a better understanding of the soil *** of sunflower oil and column ex...

关键词： soil vegetable oil plant growth organic carbon pH

Waders(Scolopacidae)surviving despite malaligned leg fractures in the wild:kinematics of bipedal locomotion

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Avian Research 2017年第3期8卷 168-175页

作者： Jessica Reichert Gerald Mayr Thomas wilke Winfried S.Peters Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics Justus Liebig UniversityHeinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32(IFZ)35392 GiessenGermany Ornithology Section Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History MuseumSenckenberganlage 2560325 FrankfurtGermany School of Biological Science Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164USA

Background: Bone fracture frequencies and survival rates are essential parameters in skeleton evolution, but information on the functional consequences of naturally healed fractures is scarce. No leg bone fracture healing in the wild has been reported so far from long-legged Charadriiformes(waders), which depend on bipedal locomotion for ***: We documented a healed but malaligned tarsometatarsus fracture in a wild Willet(Tringa [Catoptrophorus]semipalmata), and a malaligned tibiotarsus fracture in a Curlew(Numenius arquata) skeleton from a museum collection. Functional consequences of the malalignments were evaluated by kinematic analyses of videos(Willet) and in silico 3D modeling(Curlew).Results: The Willet's left tarsometatarsus exhibited an angular malalignment of 70°, resulting in a limping gait that was less pronounced at high than at low walking speed. The bird seemed unable to club the toes of the left foot together, apparently a secondary effect of the deformity. The Curlew's tibiotarsus showed an angular and an axial malalignment, causing the foot to rotate outwards when the intertarsal joint was flexed. Despite the severe effects of their injuries, the birds had survived at least long enough for the fractures to heal ***: Somewhat unexpectedly, leg fractures are not necessarily fatal in long-legged waders, even if deformities occur in the healing process. Bipedal locomotion on vegetated grounds must have been impeded due to the bone malalignments in both analyzed cases. The birds probably alleviated the impact of their handicaps by shifting a larger proportion of their activities to vegetation-free habitats.

关键词： 3D modeling Bone fracture healing Tringa(Catoptrophorus) semipalmata Kinematic gait analysis Long bone malalignment Numenius arquata Scolopacidae

Numerical Analysis of Non-Fourier Heat Transfer in a Solid Cylinder with Dual-Phase-Lag Phenomenon

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2020年第1期122卷 399-414页

作者： M.H.Ghasemi S.Hoseinzadeh P.S.Heyns D.N.wilke Department of Mechanical Engineering West Tehran BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran Centre for Asset Integrity Management Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical EngineeringUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa Young Researchers and Elite Club West Tehran BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran

In this study,transient non-Fourier heat transfer in a solid cylinder is analytically solved based on dual-phase-lag for constant axial heat flux *** equations for the model are expressed in two-dimensional cylindrical coordinates;the equations are nondimensionalized and exact solution for the equations is presented by using the separation of variable *** showed that the dual-phase-lag model requires less time to meet the steady temperature compared with single-phase-lag *** the contrary,thermal wave diffusion speed for the dual-phase-lag model is greater than the single-phase-lag *** the effect of relaxation time in dual-phase-lag model has been taken on consideration.

关键词： Exact solution non-Fourier heat transfer dual-phase-lag cylindrical coordinate

Return to Sports after Lower Extremity Injuries:Assessment of Movement Quality

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Health 2017年第10期9卷 1416-1426页

作者： Christiane wilke Lucie Pfeiffer Ingo Frobose Institute of Health Promotion and Clinical Movement Science German Sport University CologneCologneGermany Birkle-Clinic UberlingenGermany

Numerous high performance athletes experience further damage or recurrent injuries even after successful rehabilitation. This is often caused by an insufficient movement quality, which has been very rarely assessed by test protocols which determine the point of reintegration into high performance sports (Return-to-Play, RTP). In order to assess the movement quality both objective and subjective test protocols exist. Objective methods like 3D-movement analysis are viewed as international gold standard, but are not the most practicable solutions for daily training routine. This study aims at reviewing the available literature on reliability and validity of existing subjective test protocols. Further their use within high-performance sports is evaluated. Up to now subjective methods fail to match sufficient validity. However some practical approaches for assessment of movement quality after injury are known. Based on selected criteria first recommendations for the use of different subjective screening test methods are given. In summary further research focusing on the validity of subjective tests is needed. The subjective testing methods should be used in combination with additional tests (e.g. strength testing) in order to identify other risk factors. Recurrent pre-injury screenings on movement quality should be carried out to enhance injury prevention.

关键词： Lower Extremity Injury Movement Quality Subjective Assessment

1,4-Hydroquinone is a Hydrogen Reservoir for Fuel Cells and Recyclable via Photocatalytic Water Splitting

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Open Journal of Physical Chemistry 2013年第2期3卷 97-102页

作者： Thorsten wilke Michael Schneider Karl Kleinermanns Institute of Physical Chemistry Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf Germany

Photocatalytic splitting of water was carried out in a two-phase system. Nanocrystalline titanium dioxide was used as photocatalyst and potassium hexacyanoferrate(III)/(II) as electron transporter. Generated hydrogen was chemically stored by use of a 1,4-benzoquinone/1,4-hydroquinone system, which was used as a recyclable fuel in a commercialised direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The electrical output of the cell was about half compared to methanol. The conversion process for water splitting and recombination in a fuel cell was monitored by UV-Vis spectroscopy and compared to a simulated spectrum. Products of side reactions, which lead to a decrease of the overall efficiency, were identified based on UV-Vis investigations. A proof of principle for the use of quinoide systems as a recyclable hydrogen storage system in a photocatalytic water splitting and fuel cell cyclic process was given.

关键词： Fuel Cell DMFC Water Splitting Recyclable Fue TiO2 Chemical Hydrogen Storage Quinones

CdSxSey/TiO2Solar Cell Prepared with Sintered Mixture Deposition

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Open Journal of Physical Chemistry 2012年第1期2卷 47-57页

作者： Daniel Ogermann Thorsten wilke Karl Kleinermanns Institute of Physical Chemistry Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf Germany

Gr?tzel cells were prepared by using CdSe- and CdSxSey-nanoparticles as sensitizer. The quantum dots were incorporated in various sizes and concentrations in a TiO2 nanoparticle layer by a simple mixing procedure. The advantage of this method compared to anchoring of nanoparticles to TiO2 by linker molecules or chemical bath deposition is that we are able to control the ratio between TiO2 and CdSe or CdSxSey more precisely and over a larger range of concentrations. TiO2 solar cells sensitized by this technique achieved photon-to-current conversion efficiencies (IPCE) of ~40% in the range of 300 - 500 nm with a maximum IPCE of ~70% at 400 nm (sulphide/sulphate electrolyte). The best results at wavelengths above 500 nm were achieved with CdSxSey/TiO2 cells at a molar ratio of 6:1 (S:Se) with IPCE of 40% at 500 nm and still 15% at 800 nm. Quantum efficiencies obtained with iodine/iodide electrolyte were lower and lead to an overall efficiency of 0.32%. The CdSxSey sensitized solar cells show enhanced stability compared to CdSe based systems and the use of the iodine/iodide electrolyte increases cell endurance further.

关键词： Solar Cells Nanocomposites Cadmium Selenosulphide Titanium Dioxide

RESEARCH ZERO NET ENERGY BUILDING

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RESEARCH ZERO NET ENERGY BUILDING

Liver disease epidemiology and burden in patients with alterations in plasma protein metabolism:German retrospective insurance claims analysis

2007世界太阳能大会：太阳能与人类居住

作者： Douglas A.wilke 38 Roosevelt Avenue Glen Head New York 11545 USA

＜正＞The solar resource is studied for optimum application as coupled to a specific site with integrated supporting *** study models are clustered in a ten living unit residential complex designed for monitoring of five paired apartments,each pair being of different occupancy, area and solar *** project has been developed in Dezhou,China by Himin Industries. Solar energy harvesting includes active high temperature hydronic evacuated tubular collectors,photovoltaic electric generation,passive direct gain sunspaces and maximum *** are space heating,absorption cooling,dehumidification and domestic hot *** systems include seasonally adjusted radiant heating and cooling and *** architecture provides thermal mass static storage and unitized hot and chilled water storage that provides sufficient thermal inertia within each living unit to provide necessary interior climate control in excess of one day during peak thermal demand conditions. The site ground is coupled with the solar building systems through implementation of a closed loop geo-thermal field. Ground loop application will include seasonal warm thermal storage and direct water cooling assist to the solar driven absorption cooling and dehumidification. Air flow through building spaces is provided by free flow passage of air from north to south in all spaces of all units and vertical natural chimney *** air quality is governed by enthalpy recovery systems dedicated to each living unit that provide for air changes as dictated by use. Control of space climatology is through thermal limits and setbacks controlled by the dwelling unit occupant as monitored by the research *** control employs daylight and movement sensors with task lighting. Photovoltaic electric generation will be monitored and stored in a theoretical gird which supply energy to adjacent Himin facilities. Monitoring for study includes all climate

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World Journal of Hepatology 2023年第10期15卷 1127-1139页

作者： Nils Picker May Hagiwara Severin Baumann Ed G Marins Thomas wilke Kaili Ren Ulf Maywald ChitraKarki Pavel Strnad Real-World Evidence Cytel Inc.Ingress-Health HWM GmbHWismar 23966Germany R&D Global Evidence and OutcomesTakeda Development Center AmericasInc.CambridgeMA 02139United States Global Medical Affairs Takeda Development Center AmericasInc.CambridgeMA 02139United States IPAM Institute IPAM E.V.Wismar 23966Germany Statistics and Quantitative Sciences Data Science InstituteTakeda Development Center AmericasInc.CambridgeMA 02139United States Drug Department AOK PLUSDresden 01058Germany Medical Clinic III GastroenterologyMetabolic Diseases and Intensive CareUniversity Hospital RWTH AachenAachen 52074Germany

BACKGROUND Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is a rare genetic disease and a leading cause of inherited alterations in plasma protein metabolism(APPM).AIM To understand the prevalence,burden and progression of liver disease in patients with APPM including alpha-1 antitrypsin *** We conducted a retrospective analysis of anonymized patient-level claims data from a German health insurance provider(AOK PLUS).The APPM cohort comprised patients with APPM(identified using the German Modification of the International Classification of Diseases-10th Revision[ICD-10-GM]code E88.0 between 01/01/2010-30/09/2020)and incident liver disease(ICD-10-GM codes K74,K70.2-3 and K71.7 between 01/01/2012-30/09/2020).The control cohort comprised patients without APPM but with incident liver *** were incidence/prevalence of liver disease in patients with APPM,demographics/baseline characteristics,diagnostic procedures,progression-free survival(PFS),disease progression and *** Overall,2680 and 26299 patients were included in the APPM(fibrosis,96;cirrhosis,2584)and control(fibrosis,1444;cirrhosis,24855)cohorts,*** 100000 individuals,annual incidence and prevalence of APPM and liver disease was 10-15 and 36-51,*** the APPM cohort,median survival was 4.7 years[95%confidence interval(CI):3.5-7.0]and 2.5 years(95%CI:2.3-2.8)in patients with fibrosis and cirrhosis,respectively.A higher proportion of patients in the APPM cohort experienced disease progression(92.0%)compared with the control cohort(67.2%).Median PFS was shorter in the APPM cohort(0.9 years,95%CI:0.7-1.1)compared with the control cohort(3.7 years,95%CI:3.6-3.8;P<0.001).Patients with cirrhosis in the control cohort had longer event-free survival for ascites,hepatic encephalopathy,hepatic failure and esophageal/gastric varices than patients with cirrhosis in the APPM cohort(P<0.001).Patients with fibrosis in the control cohort had longer event-free survival for ascites,cir

关键词： Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency Epidemiology Germany Liver diseases Retrospective study

Solar Water Splitting by Semiconductor Nanocomposites and Hydrogen Storage with Quinoid Systems

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Open Journal of Physical Chemistry 2012年第4期2卷 195-203页

作者： Thorsten wilke Daniela Schricker Josefin Rolf Karl Kleinermanns Institute of Physical Chemistry Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf Germany

Photocatalytic splitting of water was carried out in a two-phase system. The efficiencies of different types of nanocrystalline semiconductors were investigated and compared with commercialised TiO2 nanopowder. Generated hydrogen was chemically stored by use of a quinoid system, which seems to be useable for fuel cells. Solar light sensitive nanocomposites of CdSe/TiO2 and CdSxSey/TiO2 type were prepared and their good photocatalytic performance was demonstrated. In the visible range of 400 - 600 nm CdSxSey/TiO2 composites show comparable good results as in the UV range, which is very promising for their use as solar light water splitters. The concept of sensitising TiO2 with different kind of semiconductor nanoparticles, which is already known from quantum dot sensitised solar cells (QDSC), was demonstrated here for water splitting as well. Furthermore the kinetics of the storage reaction was investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy and found to proceed via a consecutive reaction with an 1:1 charge transfer complex of quinone and hydroquinone as intermediate. The electron transfer process via a Fe2+/Fe3+ redox couple was investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy as well as by a dye reaction on the TiO2 surface. A light microscopic view of the surface of larger aggregates of TiO2 nanoparticles indicated different areas of photocatalytic activity with photocatalysis preferentially at catalyst edges. The global electron transfer process could be traced by following the dye colour in real time.

关键词： Water Splitting Nanocomposites Cadmium Selenosulphide Titanium dioxide Hydrogen Storage