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Chemical Composition of Pellonula leonensis Fish Oils from the Congo River Obtained by Soxhlet Extraction

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第8期14卷 2112-2123页

作者： Bob wilfrid Loumouamou Léa Béatrice Mambou Gadet Michel Dzondo Multidisciplinary Food and Nutrition Research Team: Regional Center of Excellence in Food and Nutrition Faculty of Science and Technology Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo Process Engineering Laboratory UNESCO-ENSP Chair Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo Molecular and Sensory Food Engineering Laboratory National Polytechnic School (ENSP) Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo

The chemical composition of Pellonula leonensis fish oils from the Congo River (at Boko city) was carried out. The fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography. The Sn-2 position of fatty acids on glycerol was carried out by the ISO 6800 standard. The separation of the compounds (as free fatty acids, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, sterols and methyl esters, etc.) was carried out by HPLC using gel permeation with refractometric detection. The phospholipid composition was by HPLC with an evaporative light scattering detector. We obtained oil contents of 32.10 (±0.46)%. The major fatty acids were Palmitic acid (27.41%) and oleic acid (24.23%). The SFA were of 44.50%. The MUFA represent 32.54% and PUFA 22.60%. Regarding the Sn-2 position on glycerol, 48.0% were by SFA and 51.3% were by unsaturated fatty acids. Among them 34.2% of fatty acids were 17.5% oleic acid molecules, 3.3% DHA molecules and 2.1% EPA molecules. Free fatty acids have contents of more than 62%, Diglycerides 16.63% and triglycerides 20.46%. Seven different phospholipids were identified, namely: Phosphatidylglycerol (PG), Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), Phosphatidylinositol (PI), Phosphatidylcholine (PC), Sphingomyelin (SM), Lyso Phosphatitdylcholine (LPC) and Lyso Phosphatidylethanolamine (LPE). According to the high levels in position 2 of the glycerol of palmitic acid, the consumption of Pellonula leonensis fish could be moderate.

关键词： Pellonula leonensis Fatty Acids Sn-2 Position Triacylglycerol Phospholopids

Modeling the Kinetics of Moisture Desorption from Safou Pulp [Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) ***] before the Oil Extraction Step

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第8期14卷 2050-2064页

作者： Anicet Frédéric Binaki Feueltgaldah Christian Bopoundza Bob wilfrid Loumouamou Gueko Séraphin Nguié Eliane Thérèse Biassala Thomas Silou Multidisciplinary Food and Nutrition Research Team Regional Center of Excellence in Food and Nutrition Faculty of Science and Technology Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo Process Engineering Laboratory UNESCO-ENSP Chair Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo CR2IE Chemistry and Technology Platform Higher School of Cataract Technology (EPrES) Brazzaville Congo

The aim of this work is to model the drying kinetics of Safou pulp with or without endocarp using a phenomenological approach. Oven-drying kinetics at 70˚C, 90˚C and 105˚C were monitored using the curves given by the reduced mass as a function of time, which are modeled according to the Avrami/page, Fick and Peleg models using OringinPro 2018 software. The results showed that parameters k and n of the Avrami/Page model vary very little with fruit size and drying temperature (0.0018 ± 0.0002 k n k (Avrami model/page) were virtually identical, while b (Fick model) and n (Avrami model/page) were virtually identical for the same sample. For the Peleg model, the parameter a, varies from 0.0018 ± 0.0002 to 0.03328 ± 0.0079, with a ratio of 18.6 for all experimental conditions studied. However, with 0.977 R2 χ2 < 0.00002, we have a good fit of the model to the experimental data. The same applies to parameter b, which ranges from 0.82 ± 0.05 to 1.21 ± 0.02. Thus, drying modeling by these three models can be used to describe and predict the progress of oven-drying of safou pulp.

关键词： Drying Modeling Empirical Models Dacryodes edulis Congo Basin

Surgical Treatment of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head Using Minimally Invasive Surgical Drilling and Cancellous Grafting at Brazzaville University Hospital

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第2期14卷 122-132页

作者： Kevin Parfait Bienvenu Bouhelo-Pam Marius Monka Arnauld Sledje wilfrid Bilongo Bouyou Regis Perry Massouama Paul Yèlai Ikounga Roger Bertrand Sah Mbou Armand Moyikoua Department of Orthopaedic surgery and Traumatology University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Faculty of Health Sciences Marien N’GOUABI University Brazzaville Republic of the Congo

Introduction: Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONTF) is a debilitating condition. Several treatments have been proposed with controversial results. The aim of our study was to evaluate treatment by surgical drilling coupled with in situ cancellous grafting. Materials and methods: Our study was a case-control study conducted at Brazzaville University Hospital from 1st January 2018 to 31 December 2023. It compared two groups of patients with ONTF: non-operated (13 patients, 20 hips) and operated (22 patients, 35 hips). We used the visual digital scale (VDS) for pain assessment, the Merle D’Aubigne-Postel (MDP) scoring system for clinical and functional assessment, and the evolution of necrosis. Results: The group of non-operated patients had a mean age of 35.69 ± 3.4 years, no improvement in pain with an EVN above seven at the last recoil and a mean global MDP score falling from 12.7 before offloading to 10.13 at one year. The group of patients operated on had a mean age of 37.86 ± 7.02 years, a significant reduction in pain (p = 0.00004) and a significantly increased MDP score (p = 0.0034). A comparison of the two groups of patients showed significant stabilization of the necrotic lesions in the operated patients (p = 0.00067), with better satisfaction in the same group. Conclusion: Surgical drilling combined with grafting in the treatment of early-stage ONTF has improved progress in our series. The technique is reproducible and less invasive. It has made it possible to delay unfavorable progression and, consequently, hip replacement surgery.

关键词： Hip Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head Conservative Treatment Surgical Drilling Bone Grafting

Arthroscopic Treatment of Gonarthrosis in a Low-Income Setting

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第1期14卷 75-82页

作者： Kevin Parfait Bienvenu Bouhelo-Pam Affleck Romaric Ledier Angalla Norbert Edgard Lamini N’soundhat Marius Monka Arnauld Sledje wilfrid Bilongo Bouyou Paul Yèlai Ikounga Térence Olivier Etsaka-Ohoya Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Faculty of Health Sciences Marien N’GOUABI University Brazzaville Congo Department of Rhumatology University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo

Background: Knee osteoarthritis is a frequent, debilitating, and degenerative condition. It is the most common operative indication for surgical arthroscopy. Hypothesis: Arthroscopy allows painless treatment of knee osteoarthritis and functional recovery. Patients and Methods: Our study was conducted in a private medical center in the city of Brazzaville in Congo, during the period from September 2020 to February 2023. It was prospective and based on patients with mechanical knee pain caused by osteoarthritis. A mobile arthroscopy device was used. The IKDC and KOOS scores allowed the evaluation of the treatment. Results: Our work involved 15 men and 7 women, with an average age of 39.9 years. Knee osteoarthritis was classified as type 2 according to Ahlbäck in 26 cases (70.27%) and type 3 in 11 cases (29.73%). In 7 patients, arthroscopy revealed lesions not visualized on MRI. Joint lavage was performed in all cases, synovial debridement in 17 cases (45.94%), and extraction of cartilaginous foreign bodies in 10 cases (27.03%). 20 patients were very satisfied with the surgery and 2 moderately satisfied. The EVA, subjective IKDC and KOOS scores were acceptable on a long-term follow-up. Discussion: Arthroscopy is a modern surgical technique for the management of intra-articular lesions of the knee. It relieves pain and stabilizes the degenerative process. A mobile arthroscopy device used here was preferred because of the low cost of installation and production.

关键词： Arthroscopy Surgery Imaging Knee

Spinal Analgesia with Intrathecal Morphine versus Conventional Analgesia after Laparoscopic Colectomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2024年第7期14卷 159-174页

作者： Lionel Diyamona Manon Colin Marc Léone Laurent Zieleskiewicz Joseph Nsiala wilfrid Mbombo Rachel Mbala Bruno Pastene Chris Nsituavibidila Dan Kankonde Gracia Likinda Jean Claude Mubenga Khazy Anga Noelly Mukuna Christel Isengingo Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care University Clinics of Kinshasa University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Marseilles Nord Hospital Marseille France General Hospital of Kinshasa ex Mama Yemo Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Monkole Hospital Centre Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo

Objective: Postoperative pain (POP) following abdominal surgery can vary from a few hours to several days. This acute, unrelieved pain can become chronic, requiring patients to take analgesics on an almost daily basis for comfort. Analgesia using general opioids has many side effects and intrathecal morphine is a good alternative. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of intrathecal morphine (ITM) versus conventional analgesia in the management of postoperative pain in colectomy performed by laparoscopic surgery. Methods: Cohort study conducted at the Hôpital Nord in Marseille, from 01 January to 31 July 2021 in patients aged at least 18 years undergoing anaesthesia for scheduled colectomy by laparoscopic surgery. The primary endpoint was postoperative pain intensity and the secondary endpoints were morphine consumption, treatment side effects and length of hospital stay. Statistical analysis was performed using XLSTAT software. Results: We included 193 patients: 131 in the control group (conventional analgesia) and 62 in the ITM group. We observed: a significant decrease in pain (assessed by numerical scale) in favour of the ITM group in the post-anaesthetic care room, i.e. 3 (±4) vs 1 (±2), p 0 and H2: 2 (±2) vs. 1 (±2);p Conclusion: These results suggest that intrathecal morphine (ITM) in laparoscopic colectomy provides effective postoperative analgesia with low morphine consumption, and a reduction in morphine side-effects compared with conventional analgesia.

关键词： Intrathecal Morphine Colectomy Laparoscopy Conventional Analgesia

Morbidity and Mortality during Anaesthesia in Patients with versus without Diabetes: Single-Centre Cohort Study

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2024年第3期14卷 93-107页

作者： Noelly Mukuna wilfrid Mbombo Joseph Nsiala Aliocha Nkodila Alphonse Mosolo Freddy Mbuyi Jonathan Kukila Paul Kambala Rémy Kashala Chris Nsitwavibidila Patrick Kobo Dan Kankonde Gracias Likinda Jean Claude Mubenga Khazi Anga Lionel Diyamona Berthe Barhayiga Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Kinshasa University Clinics University of Kinshasa Kinshasa DRC Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Monkole Hospital Kinshasa DRC Protestant University of Congo Kinshasa DRC Laboratory Department Monkole Hospital Kinshasa DRC Department of Clinical Biology Kinshasa University Clinics University of Kinshasa Kinshasa DRC Surgical Department Monkole Hospital Kinshasa DRC Department of Internal Medicine Monkole Hospital Kinshasa DRC

Background and objective: Classically, diabetic subjects are at high risk of anaesthesia compared with general population. However, some recent publications have shown contrasting and sometimes contrary results. The aim of our study was to evaluate morbidity and mortality during and after anaesthesia in patients with versus without diabetes operated on at Monkole Hospital over the last ten years. Methods: Retrospective cohort study including all patients who underwent all-comers surgery excluding cardiac surgery between 2011 and 2021. Each diabetic patient was matched to 2 non-diabetic controls on age and sex. The evaluation criterion was the frequency of occurrence of at least one perioperative complication and/or death up to day 30. A multivariate analysis using a Cox model was used to determine the factors associated with the occurrence of this morbidity and mortality. The model was adjusted for comorbidities, preoperative hyperglycaemia, ASA score, type of anaesthesia and severity of surgery. Results: A total of 351 diabetic patients (mean age 53.3 ± 14.18 years) and 701 non-diabetic patients (mean age 53.52 ± 14.7 years) were included and analysed. Preoperatively, hyperglycaemia (blood glucose > 180 mg/dl) was observed in 24.3% of diabetic patients compared with 1.6% of non-diabetic patients. The incidence of overall perioperative complications was 25.6% in diabetic patients compared with 28.6% in non-diabetic patients (p = 0.27). The risk factors associated with this morbidity were general anaesthesia with oro-tracheal intubation vs loco-regional anaesthesia (OR = 3.06 [95%CI: 1.91 - 4.94];p Conclusion: This study shows that there is not significant increase in perioperative morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic ones of similar severity. These results suggest that diabetes itself (excluding associated comorbidities) has only a minor impact on perioperative morbidity and mortality.

关键词： Anaesthesia Diabetes Morbidity Mortality Perioperative

Morbidity and Mortality of Acute Renal Failure in COVID-19 Patients in Intensive Care According to Waves/Variant: Case of the Grand Hôpital de l’Est Francilien Site de Meaux

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2024年第1期14卷 16-29页

作者： Khazy Anga Ariel Makembi Éric Amisi Éric Delpierre Vivien Hong Tuan Ha wilfrid Mbombo Jean Claude Mubenga Dan Kankonde Chris Nsituavibidila Lionel Diyamona Noelly Mukuna Gracia Likinda Tharcisse Mabiala Martin Mukenga Médard Bula-Bula Berthe Barhayiga Département d’Anesthésie Réanimation Université de Kinshasa Kinshasa République démocratique du Congo Service de Réanimation Grand H&ocircpital de l’Est Francilien Meaux France Département de Médecine Interne Université de Kinshasa Kinshasa République démocratique du Congo Service d’Anesthésie Réanimation Centre Hospitalier Monkole Kinshasa République démocratique du Congo Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care H&ocircpital Général de Référence de Kinshasa Kinshasa République démocratique du Congo Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Université Protestante du Congo Kinshasa République démocratique du Congo

Introduction: The incidence of acute renal failure (ARF) varies between 20% and 40% of cases for COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit, with very high mortality, but heterogeneous according to the different epidemic waves, probably due to the genetic variant phenomenon of the virus. The aim of this study is to determine the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 patients admitted with ARF to the intensive care unit of the Grand H?pital Est Francilien (GHEF) according to the waves and variants. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study of COVID-19 patients with ARF admitted to the intensive care unit of the GHEF site in Meaux covering the period from March 1st 2020 to December, 31st 2021. Per-hospitalisation and outcome data were collected and analysed with SPSS version 25.0 software using the Chi-square or Fischer’s exact test or Student’s t-test and logistic regression for p Results: A total of 86 patients were included. The mean age was higher (70 ± 8.5) in patients in the fourth wave than in the other waves (p = 0.015), with male predominance in all waves without significant difference. Co-morbidities: hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, dyslipidaemia and arrhythmia complete with fibrillation were present in all waves. The majority of patients were classified as KDIGO 1 for the different waves (1st: 61.9%, 2nd: 86.5%, 3rd: 80%, and 4th: 75%), with the same trend according to variant (alpha: 80%, beta: 75%, delta: 81.3%, omicron: 75%). Mortality by the wave was: 1st: 28.5%, 2nd: 37.5%, 3rd: 23% and 4th: 11%) and by variant: alpha: 24.2%, beta: 44.8%, delta: 20.7%, omicron: 10.3%). Overall mortality was 33.7%. Case fatality was higher in the fourth wave. Hypertension, shock, failure to recover renal function, acute lung oedema, ventilator-associated lung disease and hyperkalaemia were factors associated with mortality (p Conclusion: Acute renal failure is common in COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit, and m

关键词： Mortality COVID-19 Morbidity Renal Failure Intensive Care Unit

Assessment of VIIRS 375 m active fire using tropical peatland combustion algorithm applied to Landsat-8 over Indonesia’s peatlands

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2020年第12期13卷 1695-1716页

作者： Parwati Sofan David Bruce wilfrid Schroeder Eriita Jones Jackie Marsden Scarce Resources and Circular Economy(ScaRCE) University of South AustraliaScienceTechnologyEngineering and Mathematics(STEM)Adelaide/Mawson LakesAustralia Remote Sensing Application Center of Indonesian Institute of Aeronautics and Space(LAPAN) JakartaIndonesia National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA) College ParkMDUSA dImagery LandgateMidlandAustralia

VIIRS 375 m active fire data(VNP14IMG),the highest spatial resolution available cost-free fire product,were assessed for representing fire in typical degraded tropical peatlands in *** results of applying the Tropical Peatland Combustion Algorithm to Landsat-8(ToPeCAl-L8)daytime imagery were utilised as the fire *** permit the comparison of non-simultaneous VNP14IMG and ToPeCAl-L8,peatland fire propagation speeds resulting from previous study using TET-1 data in Central Kalimantan’s peatlands were *** peatland fires were still within 750 m from their source over 15 h under uniform conditions,except for very large *** detection rates of nighttime VNP14IMG compared with ToPeCAl-L8 showed about 80%agreement for small fire areas(<14 ha).For fires larger than 14 ha,a dissolved 375 m buffer(cluster buffer)of VNP14IMG active fires with an integration of nighttime and daytime acquisitions,produced a probability of detection up to 90%.These results generated a recommendation for implementing cluster buffer analysis and integration of nighttime and daytime analysis of VNP14IMG data for better accuracy in fire detection for ground fire *** also demonstrate the utility of the ToPeCAl-L8 algorithm with VIIRS 375 m active fire data.

关键词： Active fire assessment VIIRS 375 m active fire(VNP14IMG) ToPeCAlLandsat-8 peatland fires

Mass Screening Using Antigenic and Molecular Diagnostic Tests of COVID-19 in Bangui at the Beginning of the Second Wave in July 2021

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2024年第1期12卷 1-12页

作者： Clotaire Donatien Rafaï Marie-Roseline Darnycka Belizaire Pierre Somse wilfrid Sylvain Nambei Ernest Lango-Yaya Oscar Senzongo Luc Salva Hereidebona Ulrich Jeffrey Kotemossoua Rabbi Mermoz Senekian Simon Pounguinza Christian-Diamant Mossoro-Kpinde Alain Le Faou Jean De Dieu Longo François-Xavier Mbopi-Keou Gérard Grésenguet Boniface Koffi National Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Public Health Bangui Central African Republic Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic World Health Organization Bangui Central African Republic Ministry of Health and Population Bangui Central African Republic Faculty of Medicine Maieutic and Health Sciences University of Lorraine Pole Brabois Santé Nancy France Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroun

Objective: COVID-19 surveillance was established as early as March 2020 in the Central African Republic (CAR), after the WHO statement relating to the identification of several cases outside China. However, given the non-performing molecular biology technical platform in many developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa, the second wave promised to be surprising and formidable. In this context, a mass survey was launched in Bangui to determine the prevalence of COVID-19. Patients and Methods: From March 18 to April 2, 2021, a mass screening campaign took place in tourist places, companies and the main hospital infrastructures. Nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from participants with and without symptoms of Influenza-like illness (ILI) and stored in VTM tubes. The Ag (COVID-19) and RT-PCR tests were carried out in Bangui at the LNBCSP. The sequencing of RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 positives was carried out at the INRB. Results: We included 1480 participants of whom 33 (2.23%) were SARS-COV-2 positive, of whom 24 were male and 9 female. This sex difference was statistically significant (p = 0.012) as the sex ratio M/F was 1.09. Sampling sites located in the 1st arrondissement were the most prolific (p = 0.006) and were sequenced. In addition to the analysis of the 33 samples from the predefined sites under study, 17 control sequences from the provinces generated during the same period are added. We detected 2 Variants Of Concern (VOC) including the predominant B.1.620 (43.86%) followed by B.1.1.7 or Alpha (5.10%). Conclusion: The study showed the importance of surveillance and the availability of means of diagnosis of COVID-19. The identified risk factors were sex and sampling site. This study has shown the importance of setting up sentinel sites for COVID-19 surveillance in all regions of the country and the appropriate use of the anti-COVID-19 vaccine.

关键词： COVID-19 Variants Central African Republic