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Genetic diversity and occult hepatitis B infection in Africa: A comprehensive review

World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第5期16卷 843-859页

作者： Michee M Bazie Mahamoudou sanou Florencia Wendkuuni Djigma Tegwinde Rebeca Compaore Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah Benoît Kabamba Bolni Marius Nagalo Jacques Simpore Rasmata Ouédraogo Department of Medicine Transmissible Diseases LaboratoryUniversitéJoseph KI-ZERBOOuagadougou 0000Burkina Faso Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Molecular Biology and Genetics LaboratoryUniversity Joseph KI-ZERBOOuagadougou 0000Burkina Faso Infectious and parasitic disease Laboratory Health Sciences Research InstituteIRSS/CNRSTNational Center for Scientific and Technological ResearchOuagadougou 0000Burkina Faso Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Medical SciencesUniversity of Cape CoastPMBCape Coast 0000Ghana Department of Clinical Biology Virology LaboratoryCliniques Universitaires Saint LucUniversitéCatholique de LouvainBruxelles 0000Belgium Division of Hematology and Oncology Mayo ClinicAZ 0000United States

BACKGROUND Occult hepatitis B infection(OBI)is a globally prevalent infection,with its frequency being influenced by the prevalence of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection in a particular geographic region,including Africa.OBI can be transmitted th-rough blood transfusions and organ transplants and has been linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).The associated HBV genotype influences the infection.AIM To highlight the genetic diversity and prevalence of OBI in Africa.METHODS This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and involved a comprehensive search on PubMed,Google Scholar,Science Direct,and African Journals Online for published studies on the prevalence and genetic diversity of OBI in Africa.RESULTS The synthesis included 83 articles,revealing that the prevalence of OBI varied between countries and population groups,with the highest prevalence being 90.9%in patients with hepatitis C virus infection and 38%in blood donors,indicating an increased risk of HBV transmission through blood transfusions.Cases of OBI reactivation have been reported following chemotherapy.Genotype D is the predominant,followed by genotypes A and E.CONCLUSION This review highlights the prevalence of OBI in Africa,which varies across countries and population groups.The study also demonstrates that genotype D is the most prevalent.

关键词： Occult hepatitis B infection Blood transfusion Genetic diversity

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Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralisation of a Lixisol in South Sudan Zone of Burkina Faso

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第11期14卷 1547-1560页

作者： Abdramane Sanon Alain P. K. Gomgnimbou Kalifa Coulibaly Fidele K. Zongo Tièro-Wè Chris Julius Dabire wilfiried sanou Hassan B. Nacro Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherche Agricole (INERA) Laboratoire Sol-Eau-Plante (SEP) Station de Farako-Ba Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire d’étude et de recherche sur la fertilité du sol (LERF) Institut du Développement Rural (IDR) Université Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Centre universitaire de Tenkodogo Université Thomas Sankara Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Unité de Formation et de Recherches en Sciences de la Vie et de laTerre Université Joseph KI-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

In today’s environment where agriculture needs to produce sustainably, local fertilizer resources must be encouraged to achieve multiple crop performance and environmental goals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined inputs of biowaste and inorganic fertilisers on the mineralization of carbon and nitrogen of a Lixisol under continuous upland rice growing conditions. To this end, agronomic trials were set up in 2018 and 2019, using a Fisher randomized complete block design with 6 treatments and four replications at Farako-ba research station. The treatments were: T1 (Control), T2 (NPK + Urea), T3 (7500 kgha of Chicken droppings);T4 (7500 kg/ha of chicken droppings + 100 kg/ha of urea);T5 (7500 kg/ha of chicken droppings + 500 kg/ha of Burkina Phosphate);T6 (7500 kg/ha of chicken droppings + 500 kg/ha of Burkina Phosphate + 100 kg/ha of urea). Highest respirometry was observed in treatments T3, T4 and T6 and treatment T4 significantly increased the mineralization coefficient by 15% after 21 days of incubation. T4 and T6 resulted in increases in ammonium ion of 74.15% and 100%, respectively, compared to the control. Likewise, treatments T4 and T6 resulted in a significant increase in nitrate ion of 104.83 and 103.25%, respectively. Biowaste combined with inorganic fertilizers may have a capacity to improve the availability of leachate nutrients under upland rice conditions.

关键词： Bio-Waste Rice Carbone Nitrogen and Mineralisation

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Obstructive Tumor of the Palate in the Old Person: A Case Report

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2024年第5期14卷 199-205页

作者： Silly Toure Mouhamadou Makhtar Ndiaye Abibou Ndiaye Mamadou Coume Mame sanou Diouf Baye Karim Diallo Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology Department Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital of Dakar Dakar Senegal Geriatrics Department Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital of Dakar Dakar Senegal ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department FANN University Hospital of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Pleomorphic adenoma or mixed salivary gland tumor is a heterogeneous benign tumor of the salivary glands. The most common site is the parotid gland. Its extra-parotid locations, particularly in the accessory salivary glands, are rarer. We report a case of a pleomorphic adenoma of the posterior palate which posed management problems. Observation: This is an 85-year-old patient who consulted for a tumor of the posterior palate that had been evolving for 3 years. The examination revealed a globular tumor of the posterior palate extending beyond the midline by approximately 7 cm in long axis, shooting towards the oropharynx and hindering breathing, speech and eating, indicating a life-saving tracheotomy. A CT scan of the facial area revealed a well-circumscribed tumor at the expense of the soft palate, with multiple sites of bone lysis. The biopsy performed was in favor of a pleomorphic adenoma. The patient underwent total surgical excision of a huge tumor on the palate. The aftermath of the operation was marked by a loosening of the sutures with an oronasal fistula requiring the creation of an obturator plate due to the patient’s refusal to have another operation. Conclusion: Large pleomorphic adenoma of the posterior palate is a rare entity that can cause respiratory problems and surgical difficulties. His prognosis is generally good.

关键词： Pleomorphic Adenoma Posterior Palate Respiratory Disorders Prognosis Obturator Plaque

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Ambulatory Radio Iodine Therapy in the Management of Hyperthyroidism in Africa: African Systematic Review and Perspectives in Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Biophysics 2024年第1期14卷 1-10页

作者： Ki Thierry Romuald Mamadou Salif Djigo Gora Thiaw Arsène sanou Mamounata Zoungrana Mamadou Mbodj Nuclear Medicine Department of the Yalgado OUEDRAOGO University Hospital Center in Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine Laboratory of the Cheikh Anta DIOP University of Dakar Dakar Senegal Radiology Departement of the Bobo Dioulasso University Hospital Center in Bobo Dioulasso Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Introduction: In hyperthyroidism, selective irradiation of the thyroid gland with radioactive iodine is a radical treatment and an alternative to surgery. The aim of this review is to assess the medium-term efficacy of outpatient treatment of hyperthyroidism with iodine-131 in Africa. Methods: We identified the studies carried out in Africa on outpatient radiation therapy between 2016 and 2020. For each article included, we noted the country concerned and the year of publication, the numbers studied, the socio-demographic characteristics of the patients, the indications for radio iodine therapy, the dose administered, the results of the hormonal dosage 6 months after radiation. Results: 13 retrospective studies were included to constitute a total population of 925 patients. The average age was 40.77 years, the sex ratio of 1/5.4 with a clear female predominance. The 3 main etiologies of hyperthyroidism justifying outpatient radio iodine therapy were Graves’ disease (55.89%), toxic multinodular goiter (22.70%) and toxic adenoma (21.40%). The average dose of iodine 131 administered per course is 13.7 mCi. No short-and medium-term complications were reported. The radio iodine therapy was effective in 86.08% (n = 796) of the patients with extremes of 72% and 100%. Conclusion: Radio iodine therapy is effective in Africa. It is simple, inexpensive on an outpatient basis and well tolerated. The introduction of outpatient radio iodine therapy could improve the management of patients with hyperthyroidism in Burkina Faso.

关键词： Hyperthyroidism Outpatient Radio Iodine Therapy Africa

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Management of Square Carcinoma of the Lower Lip Using Camille-Bernard Flap under Local Anesthesia: When Constraints Dictate Our Attitude

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2024年第4期14卷 191-197页

作者： Silly Toure Mouhamadou Makhtar Ndiaye Abibou Ndiaye Mame sanou Diouf Birame Loum Baye Karim Diallo Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology CHU Aristide Le Dantec of Dakar Dakar Senegal ENT Department Fann University Hospital Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Squamous cell carcinomas of the lip essentially pose a therapeutic management problem. In the West, their treatment is done under general anesthesia and follows the classic rules of oncology. In our context of exercise, we sometimes have a different attitude dictated by various constraints. Observation: 55-year-old patient with no notable history, seen in consultation for a very large ulcerative-budding lesion on the right 2/3 of the lower lip with mucocutaneous involvement without lymph node findings found on examination. Faced with this suspicious lesion and the patient’s financial difficulties, we decided to operate under local anesthesia to remove this tumor. The oncological excision was followed by immediate plasty using a Camille-Bernard flap with a good immediate aesthetic and functional result and postoperative day 7. The patient was unable to take his surgical specimen to anatomy-pathology and was lost to follow-up due to lack of financial resources. On anatomo-pathological analysis of the surgical specimen, the margins were healthy with confirmation of squamous cell carcinoma (anapathological reading made for scientific interest). Discussion: The particular mentality of certain patients and their difficult financial conditions push us to have an unconventional therapeutic attitude in oncology, but which nevertheless makes it possible to resolve certain problems that we often face. Local anesthesia is possible and realistic in cases like ours and the results can be acceptable and life-saving.

关键词： Squamous Cell Carcinoma Lower Lip Camille Bernard Flap Local Anesthesia

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Molecular Identification of Mycobacterium Strains Responsible of Bovine Tuberculosis Cases in Bobo-Dioulasso Slaughterhouse, Burkina Faso

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第2期14卷 105-114页

作者： Mariétou Konate Aminata Fofana^# Yacouba Kouadima Aboubacar Sidiki Ouattara Adama sanou UFR/Sciences et Techniques Universit&eacute Catholique de l’Afrique de l’Ouest Unit&eacute Universitaire &agrave Bobo (UCAO/UUB) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Departement Biomé dical et Sant&eacute Publique (BioMed/SP) Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant&eacute (IRSS) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Departement de Biochimie-Microbiologie UFR Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Universit&eacute Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN) Universit&eacute Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Mycobacté riologie Centre MURAZ Institut National de Sant&eacute Publique Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an endemic zoonosis significantly affects animal health in Burkina Faso. The primary causative agent is Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) complex, mainly M. bovis. Cattle are considered as natural reservoir of M. bovis. However, in Burkina Faso, the circulation of these strains remains poorly understood and documented. This study aimed to identify and characterize Mycobacterium strains from suspected carcasses during routine meat inspection at Bobo-Dioulasso refrigerated slaughterhouse. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to December 2022 on cases of seizures linked to suspected bovine tuberculosis. Microbiological and molecular analyzes were used for mycobacterial strain isolation and characterization. Out of 50 samples, 24% tested positive by microscopy and 12% by culture. Molecular analysis identified 6 strains of Mycobacteria, exclusively Mycobacterium bovis specifically the subspecies bovis (Mycobacterium bovis subsp bovis). In conclusion, M. bovis subsp bovis is the primary agent responsible for bovine tuberculosis in Bobo-Dioulasso. Continuous monitoring of mycobacterial strains is therefore necessary for the effective control of this pathology in the local cattle population.

关键词： Bovine Tuberculosis Mycobacterium bovis Molecular Identification Cattle Population Burkina Faso

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Pleomorphic Nasopharyngeal Liposarcoma: An Aggressive Tumor

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2024年第1期13卷 11-15页

作者： Mame sanou Diouf Sall Ahmadou Cheikhou Ndiaye Ciré Thiam Amadou Abdoulaye Diop Deguenonvo Richard Edouard Alain Diom Evelyne Siga Ndiaye Malick Diallo Bay Karim Diouf Raymond ENT and Cervicofacial Surgery Department Idrissa Pouye General Hospital Grand-Yoff Dakar Senegal ENT Department Diamniadio Children’s Hospital Dakar Senegal ENT clinic Lamine Sine Diop Dakar Senegal ENT Department and Cervico-Facial Surgery H&#244pital de la paix Ziguinchor Senegal ENT and Cervicofacial Surgery Department Albert Royer Children’s Hospital Dakar Senegal

Nasopharyngeal liposarcoma is an extremely rare clinical entity. Less than ten cases have been reported in the literature. It mainly occurs in humans. The non-specificity of the clinical and radiological signs explains the difficulty of the diagnosis confirmed by anatomopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. Its pathogenesis remains obscure and often correlates with genetic abnormalities. Pleomorphic liposarcoma is its rarest subtype, remarkable for its aggressiveness and rapidity of growth. Complete surgical excision remains the treatment of choice. We report a case of liposarcoma whose diagnosis was made during histological examination coupled with immunohistochemistry. .

关键词： Liposarcoma Nasopharynx Pathology Immunohistochemistry

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Sinonasal Polyposis: About 60 Cases at Fann University Hospital Center, Senegal

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2024年第1期13卷 53-61页

作者： Mame sanou Diouf Moustapha Ndiaye Ahmadou Dembele Evelyne Siga Diom Ciré Ndiaye Amadou Thiam Richard E. A. Deguenonvo Abdou Sy Malick Ndiaye Abdourahmane Tall Issa Cheikh Ndiaye Raymond Diouf HOGIP Hospital Center Dakar Senegal Fann University Hospital Center Dakar Senegal Ourossogui Hospital Center Matam Senegal La Paix Hospital Center Ziguinchor Senegal Children Hospital Center of Diamniadio Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Sinonasal polyposis (SNP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the mucosa of the nasal cavities and facial sinuses. It is characterized by an oedematous, multifocal and bilateral degeneration of the nasosinus mucosa, which originates in the lateral masses of the ethmoid, where it causes the formation of smooth, gelatinous, translucent and pyriform polyp lesions. The objective of this study was to review epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical data and evaluate the results of endoscopic surgical treatment. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study on 60 patients followed at the ENT department of the Fann National University Hospital Center, from January 2010 to December 2015. All patients with sinonasal polyposis were included in the study. Results: The average age of our patients was 38 years and the sex ratio (M/F) was 0.8. In the patients’ histories, we found 18% asthma and 10% Widal’s disease. The average consultation time was 8.5 years. All patients had consulted for nasal obstruction;rhinorrhea was bilateral and found in 67.7% of cases, with olfactory disorders accounting for 50%. The CT scan performed in 58% of cases made it possible to specify the extent of the lesions;the involvement of the ethmoidal sinus was constant and extended to the other sinuses except in 2 cases. All patients had received medical treatment with local corticosteroids. Endoscopic surgical treatment was initiated in 43% of cases after failure of corticosteroid-based medical treatment. The evolution under treatment marked by the reappearance of symptoms that increased each month. At one month postoperatively, all clinical symptomatology had improved with the exception of olfactory disorders, which persisted in 3 patients. At 12 months we noted 12 cases of reappearance of nasal obstruction. Conclusion: SNP is a disease of little known etiology. The diagnosis is almost always clinical. Endoscopic surgery remains a recourse to medical treatment. For good local control, patients should be more respectful of good co

关键词： Sinonasal Polyposis Endonasal Endoscopic Surgery CHNU Fann

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C1C2 Wiring and Posttraumatic Atlantoaxial Dislocation: An Effective and Cheap Surgical Procedure in a Developing Country

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Surgical Science 2024年第5期15卷 357-370页

作者： Ibrahim Dao Massimiliano Visocchi Salah Sow John Jabang Ousmane Ouattara Astride Somda Abdoulaye sanou Elie Dibloni Nassoum Arsène Tossou Narcisse Ouedraogo Frédéric Bako Massadiami Soulama Malick Diallo Patrick Wendpouiré Hamed Dakouré Department of Neurosurgery University Hospital Souro Sanou Nazi Boni University Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso High Institute of Health Sciences Nazi Boni University Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Military Hospital Colonel Major Tanguet Ouattara Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Institute of Neurosurgery Craniovertebral Junction Surgery Unit School of Medicine Catholic University Rome Italy Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging University Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Neurosurgery (Unit) Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital Banjul Gambia Department of Neurosurgery University Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Neurosurgery Military Hospital Capitaine Halassane Coulibaly Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Orthopedic Surgery University Hospital Souro Sanou Nazi Boni University Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Objectives: Atlantoaxial dislocation remains a rare and serious condition with a high preoperative and postoperative morbidity and mortality. Its successful surgical management is still challenging and gratifying for neurosurgeons. Several technics have been described such as wiring, trans articular screwing, C1C2 screwing with plate and screw introduced by Goel et al., and modified by insertion of polyaxially screw and rod many years later by Harms. Unavailability and expensiveness of upper cervical spine instrumentation device led us to C1C2 Wiring resulting in a good outcome. Finally, a quadriplegic patient with a more comfortable financial condition had ordered devices from abroad and benefit for Goel and Harms screwing technique and improved dramatically from ASIA A to ASIA E. Material and methods: This is a retrospective study of patients managed in our department by a same neurosurgeon from January 2019 to April 2024. Results: We defined 6 men and 1 woman with an average age of 33 years. Unrestrained driver in a rollover motor vehicle accident was most common. Only one patient was neurologically intact on admission. Neurovegetative disorders were noticed in one patient. Dislocation was associated to a fracture of the dens in two patients. Three patients have been successfully operated with remarkable outcome, mostly from ASIA A to E. Conclusion: C1C2 dislocation is a serious condition and C1C2 Wiring represents an effective and cheaper technic. Therefore, this technic should deserve consideration above all in low incomes countries when screwing devices are not available. Seatbelt should be demanded for motor vehicle drivers and passengers.

关键词： Superior Cervical Spine Dislocation Fracture Wiring Screwing Neurovegetative Disorders

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Phytochemical Composition and Insecticidal Property of Native Plants against the Cowpea Weevil Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) for Natural Preservation of Cowpea Seeds

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Advances in Entomology 2024年第1期12卷 56-66页

作者： Elias Mano Rabièta Simde Koï Wenceslas Kam Nadjatou Ouédraogo Désiré Dramane Abdoul Khader sanou Rasmané Abdou Ouédraogo Boubakar Ouattara Pierre Alexandre Eric Djifaby Sombié Souleymane Nacro Laboratory of Natural Substances and Technologies of Natural Products and the Environment (LABTECH-PRONE) Institute of Research in Applied Sciences and Technologies (IRSAT) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Central Horticulture Laboratory of the Regional Center of Excellence in Fruits and Vegetables of Bobo-Dioulasso Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research (INERA) Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Department of Animal Biology and Physiology University Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso National Agricultural Training School of Matourkou (ENAFA) Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Institute of Rural Development (IDR) Nazi Boni University Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso

About 80% of cowpea seeds are lost along with 30% of their weight after six months of unprotected storage due to attacks by Callosobruchus maculatus. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of applying bioinsecticides on the biological parameters of C. maculatus to reduce its damage to cowpea stocks. Four treatments including an untreated control and three doses of powdery extracts of C. nigricans, Z. zanthoxyloides and H. suaveolens, were compared in a Fischer block with four completely randomized repetitions. One hundred undamaged cowpea seeds were mixed with doses of each extract in Petri dishes and then fed as food substrates to ten pairs of C. maculatus for eight days. The extracts of H. suaveolens, C. nigricans and Z. zanthoxyloides all contain active ingredients including polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and alkaloids, etc. The extract of Z. zanthoxyloides was found to be more active on adults (100.00% mortality) followed by C. nigricans (98.75% mortality) and H. suaveolens (97.50% mortality) at 80 mg/g. Fecundity per female decreased significantly in the treated batches of 13.82 eggs for H. suaveolens at 10.12 eggs for C. nigricans at a dose of 80 mg/g. Germination rate of seeds was statistically raised to 100% at 60 and 80 mg/g by C. nigricans powder and lowered to 83.00% at 20 mg/g by Z. zanthoxyloides extracts. The application of Z. zanthoxyloides extract would be a less expensive alternative for the sustainable management of C. maculatus in cowpea stocks.

关键词： Cassia nigricans Hyptis suaveolens Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides Biological Activities Vigna unguiculata Pest Burkina Faso

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