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Nitrate Leaching in an Irrigated wheat-Maize Rotation Field in the North China Plain

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Pedosphere 2005年第2期15卷 196-203页

作者： ZHANGYu-Ming HUChun-Sheng ZHANGJia-Bao CHENDe-Li LIXiao-Xin instituteofGeneticandDevelopmentalBiology ChineseAcademyofSciencesShijiazhuang050021（China） instituteofSoilscience ChineseAcademyofSciencesNanjing210008（China） DepartmentofResourceManagementandHorticulture InstituteofLandandFoodResourcetheUniversityofMelbourneParkville3052Victoria（Australia）

Soil water deep drainage and nitrate (NO-3) leaching losses below the root zone were investigated in a 1 ha wheat-maize rotation field under traditional agricultural management that local farmers generally follow in the North China Plain, using the soil water balance method and NO3-N concentration in suction samples. Water drainage, and NO3-N distribution and leaching losses exhibited pronounced spatial and temporal variability. Soil water deep drainage and NO3-N leaching loss mostly occurred during the sum…

关键词： deep drainage nitrate leaching soil water

The Application of ISSR Markers to Identify the Fertility Restorer Gene Rf6 in T. timopheevii Cytoplasmic MaleSterile wheat(Triticum aestivum)

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agricultural sciences in China 2002年第10期1卷 1089-1093页

作者： GUAN Rong-xia, GUO Xiao-li, LIU Dong-cheng, CAO Shuang-he and ZHANG Ai-min(College of Crop science , China agricultural University, Beijing 100094 , P.R.China College of Biology,China agricultural University, Beijing 100094 , P. R . China institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese academy of sciences , Beijing 100101 , P. R . China ) College of Crop science China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 P.R.China College of Biology China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 P.R.China institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 P.R.China

Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis was carried out on a F2 population of 147 plants derived from a cross between a wheat male fertility restorer line 2114 and a male sterile line ND44A. Out of 43 primers examined, 18 primers produced distinguishable, polymorphic bands between the two parents. Linkage analysis in the mapping population showed that two markers UBC-808 and UBC-848 were closely linked with the restorer gene Rf6 of the Triticum timopheevii CMS system. The distance between the two markers and the restorer gene was 7.9 cM and 4.9 cM, respectively. Also two parents were screened with 181 pairs of SSR primers, of which, 34.3% showed polymorphisms. But no locus was found linked with the restorer gene. Compared with the SSR technique, the ISSR approach used in the experiment provided more information and proved to be a valuable method to identify alien fragments.

关键词： wheat Restorer gene Rf6 ISSR marker SSR marker

Ecophysiological Characteristics Associated with Increase in Yield of wheat Cultivars

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Ecophysiological Characteristics Associated with Increase in...

Study on Chromosome Doubling for Haploid Produced by wheat×Maize Crossing

中国作物学会2005年学术年会

作者： LIU He-qin institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology utlization,Zhejiang academy of agricultural sciences,Hangzhou 310021 JIANG Gao-ming ZHANG Qide institute of Botany,the Chinese academy of sciences,Beijing,100093 SUN Jiazhu institute of Crop science,Beijing academy of Agroforestry,Beijing,10089

Three winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)cultivars,representatives of those widely cultivated in the farmland near Beijing over the past six decades,were grown in the same environmental conditions,and studied the relationship between ecophysiological features and *** showed that flag leaves of Jingdong 8 with the highest yield(released in 1990s’)had the highest net photosynthetic rate(P),transpiration(E),stoma conductance,highest photorespiration,and lowest dark respiration among the three cultivars from the booting to grain filling *** grain filling stage,it also had the highest P under different CO concentrations and photosynthetic photon flux density(PPFD).However,during latter developing stage,flag leaves of Yanda 1817 still stayed green and had the highest *** study on the relationship between source and sink,revealed that Jingdong 8 had a better balance between source and sink, and had a highest harvest index(HI),grain weight per ear and 1000grain *** concluded that improvement in yield of wheat cultivars was not only associated with the higher photosynthesis,but also with lower dark respiration and a better balance between source and sink.

关键词： wheat cultivars yield gas exchange respiration photorespiration source and sink

来源： cnki会议评论

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agricultural sciences in China 2002年第5期1卷 486-490页

作者： CHEN Xin-min, ZHANG Wen-xiang, GUI Shu-Ian and CHEN Xiao(institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivation , Chinese academy of agricultural sciences , Beijing 100081 , P. R . China) institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivation Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 P. R. China

There is no spontaneous chromosome doubling in haploid plants produced by wheat X maize crossing. In order to obtain doubled haploid, two chromosome doubling methods were used. Results showed that: After adding colchicine solution directly into a medium for young embryos that had been cultured 7 days, frequencies of embryo germination in colchicine concentrations of 50mg/L, 100mg/L and 200mg/L were 32.1% , 26.4% and 16.3% , respectively, and frequencies of chromosome doubling were 85.3% , 100% and 50.0% , respectively. But in the control without colchicine, the frequency of embryo germination was 67.4% and no seed was setting. As the time of colchicine treatment increased from 24 to 72 hours, the frequency of embryo germination was reduced, and 24 hours had better results. After soaking seeding crowns and roots with colchicine solution of 500mg/L, 750mg/L and 1 000mg/L for 5 hours, the frequencies of doubling were 89.6%, 76.0% and 73.3%, respectively. By soaking crowns and roots of strong seedings with 500mg/L colchicine solution, the frequency and efficiency of doubling were 98.2% and 93.2% , respectively.

关键词： wheat X maize crosses Haploid Doubled haploid

Quality differences between NILs of wheat variety Long 97-586 possessing HMW-GS 7+8 and 7

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science China(Life sciences) 2010年第2期53卷 286-291页

作者： ZHANG LiLi1,2,ZHANG YanBin1,2,LI JiLin2,ZHAO HaiBin1,SONG QingJie1,YU HaiYang1,ZHANG ChunLi1,XIN WenLi1 & XIAO ZhiMin1 1 Crop Breeding institute,Heilongjiang academy of agricultural sciences,Harbin 150086,China 2 College of Life and Environment science,Harbin Normal University,Harbin 150025,China 1. Crop Breeding institute Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin 150086 China2. College of Life and Environment Science Harbin Normal University Harbin 150025 China

The high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) 7+8 were introduced into the Long 97–586 (1,7,2+12) wheat variety (Triticum aestivum) by 5 consecutive backcrosses with biochemical marker–assisted *** isogenic lines (NILs) of HMW-GS 7 and 7+8 were obtained,and the NILs were planted in the experimental field at the Crop Breeding institute of Heilongjiang academy of agricultural science in 2004–*** field experiments were designed using the two-column contrast arrangement method with six replicates in 2004–2005 and four replicates in *** result of three years experiments showed that the differences between NILs of Long 97–586 with subunit 7 and those with subunits 7+8 in the quality parameters of flour protein content and dry gluten content were negligible (P>0.1).However,the differences in some of the quality parameters were remarkably significant (Pwheat varieties are discussed in this paper.

关键词： wheat quality HMW-GS nearly isogenic lines (NILs)

Mechanisms of Difference in Mn Efficiency Between wheat and Oilseed Rape

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Pedosphere 2000年第3期10卷 213-220页

作者： FANGZHENG ZHANGFUSUO MountainousDistrictinstituteofHebeiagriculturalUniversity Baoding071001China DepartmentofPlantNutrition ChinaAgriculturalUniversityBeijing100094China

By solution culture experiment, three wheat genotypes (Ttiticum aestivum L.) and two oilseed rape genotypes (Brassica napus L.) differing in Mn efficiency under Mn-deficient conditions were used to study mechanisms of the difference in Mn efficiency between wheat and oilseed rape. The results showed that there were significant differences in the abilities of MnIV reduction and acidification in root rhizosphere between the two species. Compared with wheat, oilseed rape had much higher reducing capacity and intensity of rhizosphere acidification under Mn-deficient conditions. Moreover, the higher ratio of functional leaves Mn/old leaves Mn in oilseed rape than in wheat was also an important factor for the different Mn efficiencies between the two species.

关键词： genotypic difference mechanism Mn efficiency oilseed rape whL

Topography and functional information of plasma membrane

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science China(Life sciences) 2008年第2期51卷 95-103页

作者： SUN DeLan1, CHEN JianMin1, SONG YanMei1, ZHU ChuanFeng2, PAN GeBo2 & WAN LiJun2 1 Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology, institute of Botany, Chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100093, China 2 institute of Chemistry, Chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100080, China 1. Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China 2. institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

By using atomic force microscope (AFM), the topography and function of the plasmalemma surface of the isolated protoplasts from winter wheat mesophyll cells were observed, and compared with dead protoplasts induced by dehydrating stress. The observational results revealed that the plasma membrane of living protoplasts was in a state of polarization. Lipid layers of different cells and membrane areas exhibited distinct active states. The surfaces of plasma membranes were unequal, and were characterized of regionalisation. In addition, lattice structures were visualized in some regions of the membrane surface. These typical structures were assumed to be lipid molecular complexes, which were measured to be 15.8±0.09 nm in diameter and 1.9±0.3 nm in height. Both two-dimensional and three-dimensional imaging showed that the plasmalemma surfaces of winter wheat protoplasts were covered with numerous protruding particles. In order to determine the chemical nature of the protruding particles, living protoplasts were treated by proteolytic enzyme. Under the effect of enzyme, large particles became relatively looser, resulting that their width was increased and their height decreased. The results demonstrated that these particles were likely to be of protein nature. These protein particles at plasmalemma surface were different in size and unequal in distribution. The diameter of large protein particles ranged from 200 to 440 nm, with a central micropore, and the apparent height of them was found to vary from 12 to 40 nm. The diameter of mid-sized protein particles was between 40―60 nm, and a range of 1.8―5 nm was given for the apparent height of them. As for small protein particles, obtained values were 12―40 nm for their diameter and 0.7―2.2 nm for height. Some invaginated pits were also observed at the plasma membrane. They were formed by the endocytosis of protoplast. Distribution density of them at plasmalemma was about 16 pits per 15 μm2. According to their size, we clas

关键词： atomic force microscope winter wheat protoplast plasma membrane surface membrane protein invaginated pits

The potential effect of variations in climate and agricultural practice on N_2O emissions (Ⅱ)——Variations in agricultural practice

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Chinese science Bulletin 1999年第S2期44卷 97-99页

作者： XU Wenbin~(1,2), HONG Yetang~1, CHEN Xuhui~3, LI Changsheng~4, LIN Qinghua~1 and WANG Yu~1, 1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, institute of Geochemistry, Chinese academy of sciences, Guiyang 550002, China 2. institute of Environment and Resources Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China 3. Soil and Fertilizer institute, Guizhou academy of agricultural sciences, Guiyang 550013, China 4. institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, USA State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China institute of Environment and Resources Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Soil and Fertilizer institute Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guiyang 550013 China institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and Space University of New Hampshire Durham NH United States

WE expanded Decomposition-Denitrification （DNDC）modeling study to systematically assess the potential effect of farming practice on N2O emission by choosing a corn-rape rotation and a soybean-winterwheat rotation field in Guizhou Province, westsouthern China, asN2O emission from subtropical agricultural soil study plots. These sensitivity studies address questions relevant to issue of how change in fanning practice might be used to mitigate emissions. Manure additions had the most pronounced impact on N2O emissions of farming practice simulatedand the influence of manure addition was nonlinear （fig. 1）. This result is consistent with previous studies for an Iowa corn field. The addition of manure remarkably elevates the level of organic carbon, enhances soil nitrogen mineralization, and increases the efficiency of N2O production. Simulated results alsoshowed that the influence of manure additions on N2O emission from soybean-winter wheat field had

关键词： N2O emission farming practice potential effect agricultural soil.

Tolerant Mechanism and Chromosome Location of Gene Controlling Sprouting Tolerance in Aegilops Tauschii Cosson

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agricultural sciences in China 2002年第3期1卷 265-268页

作者： LAN Xiu-jin, ZHENG You-liang, LIU Deng-cai, WEI Yu-ming, YAN Zehong and ZHOU Yong-hong(Triticeae research institute , Sichuan agricultural University, Dujiangyan 611830) Triticeae research institute Sichuan Agricultural University Dujiangyan 611830

An artificial amphiploid RSP (2n = 42, AABBDD) between tetraploid landrace Ailanmai (Triticum turgidum L., 2n= 28, AABB) and Aegllops tauschii (DD, 2n = 14) expressed high tolerance to preharvest sprouting which derived from Ae. tauschii. Tolerance to preharvest sprouting of RSP was examined by four ways in six varying periods after anthesis. The germination percentages of preharvest intact spikes were only 6.06% in its high peak period of germination. Its tolerance was mainly decided by the seed dormancy. It was showed that the tolerance to sprouting in ' RSP' derived from Ae. tauschii was inherited as a recessive trait which was controlled by one gene, located on chromosome 2D.

关键词： Aegilops tauschii,Breeding wheat Tolerance to sprouting,Gene,Location