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Framework for COVID-19 Segmentation and Classification Based on Deep Learning of Computed Tomography Lung Images

Journal of Electronic Science and Technology 2022年第3期20卷 246-256页

作者： wessam m.salama moustafa H.Aly the Department of Basic Science Faculty of EngineeringPharos UniversityAlexandria12455Egypt the Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering College of Engineering and TechnologyArab Academy for ScienceTechnology and Maritime TransportAlexandria1029Egypt

Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19) has affected millions of people worldwide and caused more than6.3 million deaths(World Health Organization, June 2022). Increased attempts have been made to develop deep learning methods to diagnose COVID-19 based on computed tomography(CT) lung images. It is a challenge to reproduce and obtain the CT lung data, because it is not publicly available. This paper introduces a new generalized framework to segment and classify CT images and determine whether a patient is tested positive or negative for COVID-19 based on lung CT images. In this work, many different strategies are explored for the classification ***50 and VGG16 models are applied to classify CT lung images into COVID-19 positive or negative. Also,VGG16 and ReNet50 combined with U-Net, which is one of the most used architectures in deep learning for image segmentation, are employed to segment CT lung images before the classifying process to increase system performance. moreover, the image size dependent normalization technique(ISDNT) and Wiener filter are utilized as the preprocessing techniques to enhance images and noise suppression. Additionally, transfer learning and data augmentation techniques are performed to solve the problem of COVID-19 CT lung images deficiency, therefore the over-fitting of deep models can be avoided. The proposed frameworks, which comprised of end-to-end, VGG16,ResNet50, and U-Net with VGG16 or ResNet50, are applied on the dataset that is sourced from COVID-19 lung CT images in Kaggle. The classification results show that using the preprocessed CT lung images as the input for U-Net hybrid with ResNet50 achieves the best performance. The proposed classification model achieves the 98.98%accuracy(ACC), 98.87% area under the ROC curve(AUC), 98.89% sensitivity(Se), 97.99 % precision(Pr), 97.88%F-score, and 1.8974-seconds computational time.

关键词： Augmentation classification computed tomography(CT) Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19) deep learning ResNet50 segmentation U-Net VGG16

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melatonin and/or rowatinex attenuate streptozotocin-induced diabetic renal injury in rats

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2019年第2期33卷 113-121页

作者： Tarek K motawi Samia A Ahmed manal A Hamed Shohda A El-maraghy wessam m Aziz Biochemistry Department Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University Therapeutic Chemistry Department National Research Centre

The study aimed to explore the prophylactic effect of melatonin, rowatinex; a naturally occurring renal drug, and its combination on diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of streptozotocin(50 mg/g body weight). Three days before diabetes induction, rats were daily treated with melatonin, rowatinex and their combination continuously for 8 weeks. Evaluation was done through measuring blood urea nitrogen(BUN), serum uric acid, serum creatinine, urine creatinine, creatinine clearance, nitric oxide(NO), malondialdehyde(mDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione(GSH), total antioxidant capacity(TAC),kidney injury molecule-1(KIm-1), heat shock protein-70(HSP-70), caspase-3, transforming growth factor β1(TGFβ1), DNA degradation by the comet assay and total protein contents. Histopathologic study was also done for the kidney and the pancreas. Drastic changes in all measured parameters of the diabetic rats were observed. Treatment with melatonin and rowatinex showed amelioration to variable degrees. In conclusion, melatonin showed the most potent effect on protecting rats from deleterious action of diabetic nephropathy followed by its combination with rowatinex.

关键词： diabetic nephropathy melatonin rowatinex histopathology

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Avian influenza virus surveillance in migratory birds in Egypt revealed a novel reassortant H6N2 subtype

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Avian Research 2019年第4期10卷 507-516页

作者： Ali m.Zanaty Ahmed m.Erfan wessam H.mady Fatma Amer Ahmed A.Nour Neveen Rabie mohamed Samy Abdullah A.Selim Wafaa m.m.Hassan mahmoud m.Naguib National Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production Animal Health Research InstituteGiza 12618Egypt Zoonosis Science Centre Department of Medical Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUppsala University75123 UppsalaSweden

Background:Avian influenza viruses(AIVs)have been identified from more than 100 different species of wild birds around the globe.Wild migratory birds can act as potential spreaders for AIVs to domestic birds between different countries.Egypt is situated on important migratory flyways for wild birds between different continents.While much is known about circulation of zoonotic potential H5N1 and H9N2 AIVs in domestic poultry in Egypt,little is known about the pivotal role of migratory birds in the maintenance and transmission of the viruses in Egypt.methods:Targeted AIV surveillance has been conducted in 2017 in different wetlands areas in Northern and Eastern Egypt.Results:AIV of subtype H5 was detected in two bird species.In addition,a novel reassortant strain of the H6N2 subtype was identified which reveals the continuous risk of new influenza virus(es)introduction into Egypt.This novel virus possesses a reassortant pattern originating from different AIV gene pools.Conclusions:Intervention control strategies should be performed to minimize the possible contact of domestic birds with wild birds to lower the risk of virus transmission at this interface.In addition,constant monitoring of AIVs in migratory birds is essential in the early detection of influenza virus introduction into Egypt.

关键词： Avian in fluenza virus H6N2 Egypt Reassortment Wild birds

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Ischemia modified Albumin and C-Reactive Protein in Children with β-Thalassemia major

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第3期10卷 452-462页

作者： wessam m. moftah Ensaf K. mohammed Amal A. morsy Asmaa A. Ibrahim EL-minia Insurance Hospital Cairo Egypt Pediatrics Department Cairo Egypt Clinical Pathology Departments Faculty of Medicine for Girls Al-Azhar University Cairo Egypt

Background: Beta-thalassemia is a hereditary haemoglobinopathy caused by defective hemoglobin (Hb) β-globin synthesis, leading to excess α-globin chains that cause hemolysis and impair erythropoiesis. Ischemia modified albumin (IMA) is not a signal protein and not generated in pro-inflammatory state alone but rather an end product of oxidative stress. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate ischemia modified albumin (IMA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in children with β-thalassemia major and its relation to different iron chelators. Patients and Methods: The study was carried on 40 children diagnosed as beta-thalassemia major recruited from the outpatient clinic and the pediatric department, at Al-Zahraa University Hospital, Faculty of medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University and EL Minia Insurance Hospital. They were 20 male and 20 female, aged from 4 - 11 years. Another 40 apparently healthy children age and sex matched as control group. CRP and IMA were determined for all participants. Results:mily:Verdana;"> There were significant increases in serum CRP, ImA and ferritin levels in patients group compared to control group. There were significant decreases of ImA and CRP levels of thalassemic patients on chelation deferiprone (DFP) compared to deferasirox (DFX) P-value (m ferritin and both CRP and ImA levels in thalassemic children

关键词： β-Thalassemia major Ischemia modified Albumin CRP Oxidative Stress

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Accelerated Hypofractionated Radiotherapy and Concurrent Etoposide/Cisplatin in Patients with Limited-Disease SCLC (LD-SCLC)

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2020年第11期11卷 683-694页

作者： wessam Elghamry Ali Azmy Iman Fouad Zeinab Elsayed Sherif Abdelwahab Department of Clinical Oncology Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt

Background: The optimal TRT dose/fraction for LD-SCLC remains debatable, and due to increasing number of population in Egypt and number of patients as well, so reducing the duration of radiation therapy is favored. This study was conducted using etoposide and cisplatin (EP) concurrently with accelerated hypofractionated TRT to evaluate the response and toxicity of this protocol in the treatment of patients with limited-disease small cell lung cancer (LD-SCLC). Patients and Methods: Thirty patients with previously untreated LD-SCLC were enrolled into this study between June 2012 and February 2015. All patients received etoposide 100 mg/m2 days 1 to 3 and cisplatin 25 mg/m2 days 1 to 3 with start of accelerated hypofractionated thoracic radiation therapy on first day of the second cycle of chemotherapy of 55 Gy, 2.5 Gy/fraction over 30 days. Chemotherapy was given 4

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Preoperative Conformal Radiotherapy Concurrently with Paclitaxel/Carboplatin in Gastric Cancer

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2018年第6期9卷 503-515页

作者： Shimaa Ahmed mayada Fawzy Khalid Rezk wessam Elshrif mohamed Alaa mohamed m. H. Abd Ellah Radiation Oncology South Egypt Cancer Institute Assuit University Assiut Egypt medical Oncology South Egypt Cancer Institute Assuit University Assiut Egypt Surgical Oncology South Egypt Cancer Institute Assuit University Assiut Egypt Clinical Oncology Cairo University Cairo Egypt Clinical Oncology Assuit University Assiut Egypt Diagnostic Radiology South Egypt Cancer Institute Assuit University Assiut Egypt

Background and objectives: Surgery is the primary therapy for localized gastric cancer, but even with the best results only 40% 5-year survival can be achieved with the use of postoperative adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Preoperative therapy might help increase the R0 resection rate, which is an independent predictor of 5-year OS. Our study hypothesized that the concurrent combination of carboplatin-paclitaxel with radiation therapy would result in a pathological CR rate, which will be in turn associated with OAS and DFS benefits. Patients and methods: prospective phase II study included 32 patients with locally advanced gastric adenocarcinoma including gastroesophageal junction who received a combination of neoadjuvant conformal radiotherapy concurrently with carboplatin-paclitaxel followed by surgery. Results: Pathological CR and R0 resection rates were 18.8% and 75% respectively. With a median follow up of 24 months, 2 years disease-free survival was 28.1% and overall survival was 51.3%. The regimen was tolerated with neither grade 4 toxicities nor deaths. Conclusion: Neoadjuvant radiotherapy concomitant with carboplatin-paclitaxel chemotherapy is a well-tolerated approach for patients with locally advanced gastric adenocarcinoma resulting in significant pathological CR and R0 resection margins as reflected by the good DFS and OS.

关键词： Gastric Adenocarcinoma Neoadjuvant Paclitaxel-Carboplatin Chemoradiotherapy Pathologicalcr-R0

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Partial Characterization of Thrombin Inhibitor(s) Derived from Salivary Glands of the Tick, <i>Hyalomma dromedarii</i>, and Related Anti-Cancer Potential

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Advances in Entomology 2021年第1期9卷 1-19页

作者： wessam S. Ibrahim Fatma S. A. mohamed Walaa A. moselhy Emtithal m. Abdel Samie Aly Fahmy mohamed Zoology and Entomology Department Faculty of Science (Girls) Al-Azhar University Cairo Egypt Entomology Department Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative medicine (ECRRm) Cairo Egypt VACSERA Giza Egypt

A long-term blood feeder, like the Hyalomma dromedarii tick, requires extended control over all hemostatic defense mechanisms generated by the host during feeding, including blood coagulation. To overcome this, ticks have evolved numerous molecules that target proteases in the blood coagulation cascade. New insights into the role of clotting factors in the development and progression of cancer have identified anticoagulant treatment as a potential therapeutic approach. In this context, the present work assessed the anticoagulation activities of crude and fractionated salivary gland extract (SGE) prepared from semi-fed H. dromedarii females. Additionally, the antitumor effects of the potent anti-thrombin fractions were determined against colon cancer (Caco-2) and normal skin (HFB4) cells. Crude SGE significantly prolonged clotting time in prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and thrombin time (TT) assays and inhibited thrombin in FII-activity assay. Using anion-exchange chromatography, the fractions that strongly inhibited thrombin (3.A4 and 3.A5) were eluted. Both fractions prolonged the aPTT and TT clotting times and reduced the activity of FII significantly. The protein profiles of both fractions indicated the presence of a single polypeptide band of about 99 kDa. Regarding anti-cancer potential of the tested fractions, Caco-2 cells showed reduced viability with obvious morphological changes, induced apoptosis and a reduced level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). G2/M cell cycle arrest was observed only in 3.A5-treated cells. No cytotoxic effects were observed in HFB4 cells. These results demonstrated the potential of tick-derived anticoagulants, specifically thrombin inhibitors, as effective tools in colorectal cancer treatment. Further purification of the effector molecule(s) is required to fully characterize their str

关键词： Hyalomma dromedarii Salivary Glands Thrombin Inhibitor Apoptosis VEGF

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Intravenous Fluorouracil versus Oral Capecitabine: Postoperative Chemoradiation for Gastric Cancer

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2015年第11期6卷 954-962页

作者： H. Abbas Shimaa Ahmed Ahmed A. S. Salem mohamed Abou Elmagd Salem mahmoud Hussin wessam A. El Sherief Department of Radiation Oncology South Egypt Cancer Institute Assiut University Assiut Egypt Department of Surgical Oncology South Egypt Cancer Institute Assiut University Assiut Egypt Department of Clinical Oncology at Cairo University Kasr EL Aini School of Medicine Cairo Egypt

Purpose: Aim of this prospective, phase III trial was to compare the efficacy and toxicity of intravenous fluorouracil and oral capecitabine when given concurrently with radiation in adjuvant sitting for adenocarcinoma of the stomach after gastrectomy with D2 resection. Patients and method: The study included 60 patients having histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the stomach or gastroesophageal junction;stage T2-4 N0-3 m0 after gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive adjuvant radiotherapy concurrently with intravenous fluorouracil [arm A] or oral capecitabine [arm B]. Results: Ten patients cannot complete their whole treatment course because of either progressive [4 patients;2 arm A and 2 arm B] or G 3 toxicity [1 patient] or refuse to complete their treatment [5 patients;3 arm A and 2 arm B]. Patients received fluorouracil have significant increase grade 3 or 4 hematological [neutropenia] and gastrointestinal (diarrhoea, anorexia, and vomiting). During a median follow-up period of 24 months, the 2-year disease free and overall survivals in this study were 60% and 63.3%, for groups A and B respectively, while overall survival were 63.3% and 70% for groups A and B respectively without significant differences. Conclusion: Oral capecitabine concurrently with radiation therapy has comparable efficacy and favourable toxicity profile when compared to infusion fluorouracil as postoperative adjuvant therapy for gastric adenocarcinoma.

关键词： Fluorouracil Capecitabine Chemoradiation Postoporative Gastric Cancer

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