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语言教学的发展

外语教学理论与实践 1992年第1期 11-16页

作者： W.f.mackey 徐巨源徐州医学院

一、古代和中世纪时期罗马帝国尚未建立前,罗马人曾把希腊语作为第二语言进行学习。他们或是请来希腊语家庭教师,或是雇用说希腊语的家奴和仆人。但是,随着帝国的扩张,其它地方的人民开始学习拉丁语。此后,拉丁语成为西方世界的通用语言... 详细信息

一、古代和中世纪时期罗马帝国尚未建立前,罗马人曾把希腊语作为第二语言进行学习。他们或是请来希腊语家庭教师,或是雇用说希腊语的家奴和仆人。但是,随着帝国的扩张,其它地方的人民开始学习拉丁语。此后,拉丁语成为西方世界的通用语言,教会和官方用语,并且在很长一段时期内是唯一的学术语言和唯一的学校教学用语。在某些欧洲国家,拉丁语的这种地位保持至今。所以,在欧洲。

关键词：语言教学教学用语第二语言语法学习语言规则家庭教师中世纪时期语言教师外语教学第一语言

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二次肿瘤细胞减灭术对晚期卵巢癌的疗效

世界核心医学期刊文摘（妇产科学分册） 2005年第5期1卷 5-6页

作者： Rose P. G Nerenstone S Brady M. f. D. mackey 宁亮 Gynecol. Oncol. Grp. Ad min. Office 4 Penn Center 1600 JFK Blvd. Philadelphia PA 19103 United States

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the effect of adding secondary cytoreductive surgery to postoperative chemotherapy on progression-free survival and overall survival among patients who had advanced ovarian cancer and residual tumor exceeding 1 c m in diameter after primary surgery. METHODS: Women were enrolled within six wee ks after primary surgery. If, after three cycles of postoperative paclitaxel plu s cisplatin, a patient had no evidence of progressive disease, she was randomly assigned to undergo secondary cytoreductive surgery followed by three more cycle s of chemotherapy or three more cycles of chemotherapy alone. RESULTS: We enroll ed 550 women. After completing three cycles of postoperative chemotherapy, 216 e ligible patients were randomly assigned to receive secondary surgical cytoreduct ion followed by chemotherapy and 208 to receive chemotherapy alone. Surgerywas d eclined by or medically contraindicated in 15 patients who were assigned to seco ndary surgery (7 percent). As of March 2003, 296 patients had died and 82 had pr ogressive disease. The likelihood of progression-free survival in the group ass igned to secondary surgery plus chemotherapy, as compared with the chemotherapy -alone group, was 1.07 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.87 to 1.31; P=0.54), and the relative risk of death was 0.99 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.79 to 1.24; P=0.92). CONCLUSIONS: for patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma in who m primary cytoreductive surgery was considered to be maximal, the addition of se condary cytoreductive surgery to postoperative chemotherapy with paclitaxel plus cisplatin does not improve progression-free survival or overall survival.

关键词：晚期卵巢癌肿瘤细胞减灭术存活时间顺铂化疗残存肿瘤单纯化疗组肿瘤进展似然比

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流域内泥沙的沉积和运移对产沙量的影响

水土保持科技情报 2001年第6期19卷 18-20,35页

作者： J.K.Evans J.f.Gottgens W.M.Gill S.D.mackey 陈彬美国BowlingGreenState大学地理系沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院

流域内的土壤侵蚀程度与土地利用方式、河川支流的下切和泥沙淤积有关。为了研究美国俄亥俄东北部Chagrin河流域历史上土地利用方式和人类活动对产沙量的影响 ,在废弃的IVEX水库内采集土柱 ,依据历史上的洪水记录和自由的2 1 0 Pb、1 3... 详细信息

流域内的土壤侵蚀程度与土地利用方式、河川支流的下切和泥沙淤积有关。为了研究美国俄亥俄东北部Chagrin河流域历史上土地利用方式和人类活动对产沙量的影响 ,在废弃的IVEX水库内采集土柱 ,依据历史上的洪水记录和自由的2 1 0 Pb、1 37Cs峰值的最大深度选取 14个时间段进行分析 ,184 0～ 185 0年森林采伐区域产沙量最高 ,1890～ 1910年尽管农业占地增加 ,但土壤侵蚀率下降 5 0 %。 1910～ 196 0年 ,相对于耕作活动的减少产沙量增长。在 194 5以后各阶段 ,尽管此区域人口增长了 5倍 ,但是产沙量却没有增加。这表明产沙量主要受洪峰事件的影响。

关键词：流域泥沙沉积运移产沙量

Predicting Mortality and functional Outcomes after Ischemic Stroke: External Validation of a Prognostic Model

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2018年第10期8卷 587-597页

作者： Achala Vagal Heidi Sucharewv Christopher Lindsell Dawn Kleindorfer Kathleen Alwell Charles J. Moomaw Daniel Woo Matthew flaherty Pooja Khatri Opeolu Adeoye Simona ferioli Jason mackey Sharyl Martini felipe De Los Rios La Rosa f. Brett Kissela Departments of Radiology University of Cincinnati Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Cincinnati OH USA Department of Emergency Medicine University of Cincinnati Medical Center Department of Neurology Cincinnati OH USA University of Cincinnati Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA Department of Neurology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA Baylor College of Medicine Baptist Health Neuroscience Center Miami Florida USA

Background: We previously developed predictive models for 3-month mortality and modified Rankin Score (mRS) after ischemic stroke. Aim: The aim was to test model validity for 3-month mortality and mRS after ischemic stroke in two independent data sets. Methods: Our derivation models used data from 451 subjects with ischemic stroke in 1999 enrolled in the Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study (GCKNSS). We utilized two separate cohorts of ischemic strokes through GCKNSS (460 in 2005 and 504 in 2010) to assess external validity by utilizing measures of agreement between predicted and observed values, calibration, and discrimination using Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis. Results: The 3-month mortality model performed well in the validation datasets with an average prediction error (Brier score) of 0.045 for 2005 and 0.053 for 2010 and excellent discrimination with an area under the curve of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.79, 0.93) for 2005 and 0.84 (0.76, 0.92) for 2010. Predicted 3-month mRS also performed well in the validation datasets with R2 of 0.57 for 2005 and 0.50 for 2010 and a root mean square error of 0.85 for 2005 and 1.05 for 2010. Predicted mRS tended to be higher than actual in both validation datasets. Re-estimation of the model parameters for age and severe white matter hyperintensity in both 2005 and 2010, and for diabetes in 2005, improved predictive accuracy. Conclusions: Our previously developed stroke models performed well in two study periods, suggesting validity of the model predictions.

关键词： Ischaemic Stroke Epidemiology Stroke Leukoaraiosis African American Stroke Prevalence

腹腔镜分期在子宫、卵巢、输卵管及原发腹膜恶性肿瘤分期不完全时的应用:妇科肿瘤协作组(GOG)的研究

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（妇产科学分册） 2006年第3期2卷 16-17页

作者： Spirtos N.M. Eisekop S.M. Boike G. D. mackey 高雪莲 Gynecologic Oncology Group 1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd Philadelphia PA 19103 United States

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of laparoscopically staging patients with incompletely staged cancers of the uterus, ovary, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneum, and to evaluate related effects. Study design: Patients without evidence of metastatic disease had laparoscopic bilateral para-aortic and pelvic lymph node dissection. Other procedures were individualized based on extent of the primary surgery; laparotomy was undertaken for identified resectable disease. Results: Ninety-five eligible patients were entered on 2 Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) protocols. Eleven were excluded. fifty-eight patients (69%) underwent complete endoscopic staging with photographic documentation. Nine others (10%) were incompletely staged. Seventeen patients (20%) had laparotomy. In patients undergoing laparoscopy, 6%had bowel complications; 11%were found to have more advanced disease. Hospital stay was significantly shorter with laparoscopy alone (3 vs 6 days, P = .04). Conclusion: Interval laparoscopic staging of gynecologic malignancies can be successfully undertaken in selected patients, but laparotomy for adhesions or metastatic disease and risk of visceral injury may be anticipated.

关键词：妇科肿瘤 GOG 腹膜恶性肿瘤腔镜腹腔镜手术开腹手术妇科恶性肿瘤肠道并发症开腹探查术研

上颔前牙区冠延长术：一项6个月的前瞻性临床研究

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中国口腔医学继续教育杂志 2017年第5期20卷 260-266页

作者： David E. Deas Scott A. mackey Ruben S. Sagun Jr Raymond H. Hancock Scott f. Gruwell Casey M. Campbell 王茂夏王林霞孟玉坤不详四川大学华西口腔医学院修复学系四川省成都市人民南路三段14号610041

本研究旨在评估上颔前牙冠延长术后骨组织的各项指标及稳定情况。研究纳入36名患者．涉及行唇（颊）面冠延长术的上颔前牙及前磨牙277颗。在术前、术中以及术后1、3、6个月分别记录牙齿唇（颊）面正中、近中和远中线角处的各项临床指标... 详细信息

本研究旨在评估上颔前牙冠延长术后骨组织的各项指标及稳定情况。研究纳入36名患者．涉及行唇（颊）面冠延长术的上颔前牙及前磨牙277颗。在术前、术中以及术后1、3、6个月分别记录牙齿唇（颊）面正中、近中和远中线角处的各项临床指标。研究表明．上颌前牙冠延长术中预期龈缘与牙槽嵴顶问的距离常不能满足生物学宽度的要求。此外．术后可能会发生明显的组织反弹，组织反弹在术后6个月内逐渐稳定。组织反弹与缝合时组织瓣与牙槽嵴顶的位置关系有关。以上发现表明：临床医生应合理运用骨切除术建立合适的前牙临床牙冠长度。

关键词：前瞻性临床研究牙冠延长术前牙区延长术后牙槽嵴顶生物学宽度骨组织临床指标

急性脑卒中患者静脉内对比剂使用与急性肾脏疾病的关联:基于人群的研究

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中华高血压杂志 2017年第3期25卷 231-231页

作者：刘莉叶鹏 Demel SL Grossman AW Khoury JC Moomaw CJ Alwell K Kissela BM Woo D flaherty ML ferioli S mackey J De Los Riosla Rosa f Martini S Adeoye O Kleindorfer DO

计算机断层血管造影和常规血管造影为脑卒中患者提供即时的血管解剖学信息。然而，碘化对比剂可能引起急性肾损伤（acutekidneyinjury，AKI）。在一个大型、包括两个族裔的人群中，研究人员检查了脑卒中患者住院期间新发或恶化的肾脏病... 详细信息

计算机断层血管造影和常规血管造影为脑卒中患者提供即时的血管解剖学信息。然而，碘化对比剂可能引起急性肾损伤（acutekidneyinjury，AKI）。在一个大型、包括两个族裔的人群中，研究人员检查了脑卒中患者住院期间新发或恶化的肾脏病的发病率，及其与静脉内给对比剂的相关性。方法：纳入大辛辛那提／北肯塔基州2010年急诊住院的急性缺血性脑卒中或脑出血的所有成年居民。在确定接受或未接受静脉注射对比剂的两组患者中，确定急诊问诊时未察觉到的肾脏疾病的发生率及人院后AKI发生率。

关键词：静脉内对比剂脑卒中患者急性肾损伤肾脏疾病人群计算机断层血管造影急性缺血性脑卒中常规血管造影

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《二语学习理论(第三版)》评介

当代外语研究 2015年第11期 71-73页

作者：张凯彭梅 Mitchell R. f.Myles E.Marsden 中国海洋大学青岛266000 上海外国语大学上海200240

1.引言二语学习研究1（second language learning）兼具促进二语学习理论发展和指导实践教学的双重意义（Ellis 2008;Gass＆mackey 2012）。国内外研究者们从多个研究视角对二语学习的理论机制进行了阐释,但由于二语习得本身的多面性和... 详细信息

1.引言二语学习研究1（second language learning）兼具促进二语学习理论发展和指导实践教学的双重意义（Ellis 2008;Gass＆mackey 2012）。国内外研究者们从多个研究视角对二语学习的理论机制进行了阐释,但由于二语习得本身的多面性和复杂性,二语习得研究仍缺乏理论体系的统整。在这种情况下,

关键词：学习理论理论机制学习过程理论体系统整普遍语法语言学习社会文化理论二语习得理论内在认知