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High-throughput screening against thioredoxin glutathione reductase identifies novel inhibitors with potential therapeutic value for schistosomiasis

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 300-315页

作者： Ting Li Peter D.Ziniel Pan-qing He Valerie P.Kommer Gregory J.crowther Min He Qing Liu wesley c.van voorhis David L.Williams Ming-Wei Wang The National center for Drug Screening Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201203China Department of Immunology and Microbiology Rush University Medical CenterChicagoIL 60612USA Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA

Background:Schistosomiasis,a parasitic disease also known as bilharzia and snail fever,is caused by different species of flatworms,such as Schistosoma mansoni(***).Thioredoxin glutathione reductase(TGR)from ***(SmTGR)is a well-characterized drug target for schistosomiasis,yet no anti-SmTGR compounds have reached clinical trials,suggesting that therapeutic development against schistosomiasis might benefit from additional scaffolds targeting this ***:A high-throughput screening(HTS)assay in vitro against SmTGR was developed and applied to a diverse compound *** activity was quantified with ThioGlo®,a reagent that fluoresces upon binding to the free sulfhydryl groups of the reaction product GSH(reduced glutathione).Results:We implemented an HTS effort against 59,360 synthetic *** the primary screening,initial hits(928 or 1.56%)showing greater than 90%inhibition on SmTGR activity at a final concentration of 10μM for each compound were *** tests were carried out to confirm the effects of these hits and to explore the concentration-dependent response *** a result,74 of them(0.12%)representing 17 chemical scaffolds were confirmed and showed a great concentration-dependent inhibitory trend against SmTGR,including structures previously shown to be lethal to schistosomal *** these,two scaffolds displayed a limited structure-activity *** tested in cultured larvae,39 compounds had cidal activity in 48 h,and five of them killed larvae completely at 3.125μ*** these,three compounds also killed adult worms ex vivo at concentrations between 5μM and 10μ***:These confirmed hits may serve as starting points for the development of novel therapeutics to combat schistosomiasis.

关键词： High-throughput screening Schistosomiasis Inhibitor Thioredoxin glutathione reductase

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Free-electron crystals for enhanced X-ray radiation

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第7期13卷 1299-1309页

作者： Lee Wei wesley Wong Xihang Shi Aviv Karnieli Jeremy Lim Suraj Kumar Sergio carbajo Ido Kaminer Liang Jie Wong School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore. Solid State Institute and Faculty of Electrical and computer Engineering Technion–Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa 3200003Israel. School of Electrical Engineering Fleischman Faculty of EngineeringTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 69978Israel Department of Applied Physics Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA. Science Mathematics and TechnologySingapore University of Technology and Design8 Somapah RoadSingapore 487372Singapore. Electrical and computer Engineering Department UCLA420 WestwoodLos AngelesCA 90095USA. Physics and Astronomy Department UCLA475 Portola PlazaLos AngelesCA 90095USA. SLAc National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University2575 Sand Hill RoadMenlo ParkCA 94025USA

Bremsstrahlung—the spontaneous emission of broadband radiation from free electrons that are deflected by atomic nuclei—contributes to the majority of X-rays emitted from X-ray tubes and used in applications ranging from medical imaging to semiconductor chip ***,we show that the bremsstrahlung intensity can be enhanced significantly—by more than three orders of magnitude—through shaping the electron wavefunction to periodically overlap with atoms in crystalline ***,we show how to shape the bremsstrahlung X-ray emission pattern into arbitrary angular emission profiles for purposes such as unidirectionality and ***,we find that these enhancements and shaped emission profiles cannot be attributed solely to the spatial overlap between the electron probability distribution and the atomic centers,as predicted by the paraxial and nonrecoil theory for free electron light *** work highlights an unprecedented regime of free electron light emission where electron waveshaping provides multi-dimensional control over practical radiation processes like *** results pave the way towards greater versatility in table-top X-ray sources and improved fundamental understanding of quantum electron-light interactions.

关键词： overlap attributed arbitrary

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Isolative Synthesis and characterization of cellulose and cellulose Nanocrystals from Typha angustifolia

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第9期14卷 2443-2459页

作者： Lynda S. Mesoppirr Evans K. Suter wesley N. Omwoyo Nathan M. Oyaro Simphiwe M. Nelana Department of Mathematics and Physical Science Maasai Mara University Narok Kenya Biotechnology and chemistry Department Vaal University of Technology Vanderbijlpark South Africa

The application potential of cellulosic materials in natural composites and other fields needs to be explored to develop innovative, sustainable, lightweight, functional biomass materials that are also environmentally friendly. This study investigated Typha angustifolia (Typha sp.) as a potential new raw material for extracting cellulose nanocrystals (cNcs) for application in wastewater treatment composites. Alkaline treatments and bleaching were used to remove cellulose from the stem fibres. The cNcs were then isolated from the recovered cellulose using acid hydrolysis. The study showed a few distinct functional groups (O-H, -c-H, =c-H and c-O, and c-O-c) in the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed the smooth surface of cPc and cNcs, which resulted from removing lignin and hemicellulose from powdered Typha angustifolia. Based on the crystalline index, the powdered Typha angustifolia, cPc, and cNcs were 42.86%, 66.94% and 77.41%. The loss of the amorphous section of the Typha sp. fibre resulted in a decrease in particle size. It may be inferred from the features of a Typha sp. cNc that cNcs may be employed as reinforcement in composites for wastewater treatment.

关键词： Typha angustifolia cellulose Acid Hydrolysis chemically Purified cellulose cellulose Nanocrystals

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In-Situ Evaluation of Evaporation in Layered Soils （Tukulu, Sepane and Swartland）

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2012年第5期2卷 577-590页

作者： Sabelo Sicelo wesley Mavimbela Leon Daniel van Rensburg Department of Soil Crop and Climate Sciences University of the Free State P.O. Box 339 Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa

Knowledge about the influence of soil layers on evaporation is essential for the optimization of infield rainwater harvesting （IRWH） in the semi-arid areas of the Free State province of South Africa. Among the soils earmarked for 1RWH development include the Tukulu, Sepane and Swartland soil types that have contrasting soil layers. These soils have to capture and store rainwater within the soil profile layers away from the evaporation zone. To determine how the three soils release and deliver soil water at the evaporating site, a 21-day evaporation experiment was conducted on pre-drained monoliths. Instantaneous soil water content （SWc） from in-situ and soil water characteristic curve （SWcc） from laboratory was measured. Separate soil samples of 15 mm thickness were also evaporated under the same conditions to establish the extent of drying and hydraulic gradient at the soil surface. The Darcian evaporative flux and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity （K-coefficient） were also determined. At the surface suctions of magnitude greater than 1,500 kPa were observed from all monoliths. Total contributions to evaporation from the Tukulu, Sepane and Swartland were 43, 51 and 70 mm, respectively. The low contributions were explained by the presence of the prismacutanic c-horizon in the Tukulu and Sepane at respective depths of 600 and 700 mm. This layer was associated with the steepest suction gradient that restrained further upward fluxes by subsequent lowering for the K-coefficient with more than two orders of magnitudes within a narrow range of SWc. However, the presence of the pedocutanic B-horizon at depths of 300 mm undermined this restrictive function through the appreciable capillary activity demonstrated by clays at near evaporating surfaces. The shallowness and deficiency in structure of the Swartland was consistent with the high contribution to evaporation that gave this soil a dry soil water regime. It was therefore concluded that the Tukulu offered soil profile

关键词： Soil water soil layers evaporation soil hydraulic characteristics.

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Investigation on Adipose Mechanical Properties under compression Loading for Improving Human Body Modelling

Investigation on Adipose Mechanical Properties under Compres...

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作者： wesley chebii Rutto 湖南大学

学位级别：硕士

迄今为止,旨在减轻弹道和弹片攻击的军事级装甲材料在抵抗爆炸冲击方面效果较差。为了改善装甲的爆炸吸收特性,第一步是彻底了解爆炸对人体本身的影响。皮下脂肪组织与人体其他软组织一样,容易受到爆炸冲击和弹片穿透等影响。但是,目前... 详细信息

迄今为止,旨在减轻弹道和弹片攻击的军事级装甲材料在抵抗爆炸冲击方面效果较差。为了改善装甲的爆炸吸收特性,第一步是彻底了解爆炸对人体本身的影响。皮下脂肪组织与人体其他软组织一样,容易受到爆炸冲击和弹片穿透等影响。但是,目前尚缺乏表征脂肪对变化负荷条件的生物力学响应的研究。这为研究脂肪组织负荷的机理提供了充分的依据,这将是改善保护装置设计的关键一步。基于改进PPE的需要,当前的研究工作旨在通过研究在不同应变率下的准静态和动态压缩载荷下的力学性能,来研究脂肪组织的力学。主要目的是通过实验测试和数值模拟来了解组织的应变率响应,并确定最能预测皮下组织AT载荷-变形行为的模型。获得脂肪组织的力学特性,并与现有脂肪组织相结合,为今后生物力学领域的建模提供参考。取猪皮下脂肪组织作为标本。利用MTS万能试验机对试件进行单轴压缩试验,获得应力应变响应数据。试件被切割成10×10×10mm的立方体。分别在0.05%/s、0.5%/s和5%/s三个应变速率范围内进行了试验。选择三阶QLV和一阶Ogden的材料本构模型对皮下脂肪组织的被动行为进行建模。用python代码对实验数据进行数值模拟。超弹性的材料参数;α=8.41μ=16.4,c=-136.980,c=-225.60,c=3636.85。设计了一个有限元模型来模拟脂肪组织。为了得到准确的结果,对它进行了精细的网格划分。0.05%～5%应变率的平均弹性模量和剪切模量为:初始E≈12.71±10.93 k Pa,最终E≈1300±66.60 k Pa。初始刚度模量G≈4.23±2.30 k Pa,最终G≈433.30±22.20 k PaOgden和拟线性粘弹性模型的相关系数R=0.9809,R=0.9986。这些是模型与实验数据在0.5%应变率下的确定系数。实验和仿真结果的比较表明,该模型能够较准确地再现应力应变曲线。因此,所建议的材料参数能够较好地预测皮下脂肪组织的负荷和变形。皮下脂肪组织具有应变速率依赖性,在稳态载荷下表现出非线性的应力-应变响应。它在准静态载荷作用下表现出柔软、顺从的特性,在动态载荷作用下表现出刚性、回弹性的特性。

关键词：皮下脂肪组织应变率有限变形粘弹性单轴压缩

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Determining the Optimum Inflow Rates for Micro-flood Irrigation on the Tukulu Soil

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2014年第8期4卷 633-649页

作者： Sabelo Sicelo wesley Mavimbela Leon Daniel van Rensburg Alain cloot Department of Soil Crop and Climate Sciences University of the Free State Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics University of the Free State Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa

The performance of micro flood irrigation （MFI） under different inflow rates was evaluated on 90 m closed ended furrows in the South African Tukulu soil. A single irrigation was used to characterise the surface and subsurface soil water distribution from the 20, 40, 80 and 160 L/min inflow rates treatments. Neutron access tubes were installed to a depth of 1 m at every 10 m distance interval starting at 5 m from the furrow inlet. Soil water content measurements were taken using the WaterMan neutron water meter. The HYDRUS-2D software was also used to provide insight on irrigated furrows soil water content and subsurface water distribution. The 20 L/min produced a stream flow that could advance up to the 60 m furrow distance. The stream flow from the rest of the inflow rates were able to reach the furrow end with the 180 L/min recording the fastest advance time of 23 min. The 20 L/min and 40 L/min had recession period of less than 7 min while the 80 L/rain and 160 L/min lasted more than an hour. Distribution uniformity （DU） at longer furrow distances was the highest from the 80 L/min and 160 L/min with the 20 L/min and 40 L/min recorded similar performances at shorter distances. The 40 L/rain was one of the smaller inflow rates that recorded the highest DU of 0.96 for the generated average infiltrated depth of the 30 m long furrow and therefore should be adopted for furrow distances of less than 60 m on the Tukulu soil.

关键词： Short furrow irrigation infiltrated depth HYDRUS-2D distribution uniformity.

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characterising Vertical Redistribution on Irrigated Furrows in the Tukulu Soil

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2013年第7期3卷 542-560页

Subsurface soil water redistribution on the South African Tukulu, also referred as the cutanic Luvisols in other countries, was evaluated following single run irrigation （20, 40, 80 and 160 L/min inflow rates） in 90 m furrows. changes in soil water content （SWc） at three horizons were monitored using neutron water meter. Measurements were made every 10 m starting 5 m from the furrow inlet for 455 h. HYDRUS-2D software was used to estimate soil hydraulic parameters through inverse optimization algorithms for redistribution at the inlet, midpoint and furrow end. Optimized model parameters compared with initial estimates recorded satisfactory agreement between measured and predicted soil water content, despite spatial variability. Effective hydraulic conductivity （Keff） for 0-600 mm and 0-850 mm profile flow domains demonstrated linearity with SWc although inconsistencies under field conditions were inevitable. The underlying layer restricted gravity and augmented redistribution with Keff assuming a steeper gradient than normal. conversion of Kcff and soil water content into a ratio assisted in quantifying rate of redistribution at 0-600 mm and 0-850 mm profile depth. Vertical redistribution was found to be limited within the upper 600 mm depth thus providing the opportunity to develop furrow irrigation with confidence that water productivity is optimized.

关键词： Soil water redistribution inflow rates effective unsaturated hydraulic conductivity infiltrated depth HYDRUS-2D.

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Fighting neglected infectious diseases:Medicinal Structure Genomics of Pathogenic Protozoa

Fighting neglected infectious diseases:Medicinal Structure G...

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中国化学会第二十五届学术年会

作者： Tracy Arakaki Erica Boni Juergen Bosch Fred Buckner Wim Hol Ethan Merritt Natascha Mueller Alberto J Napuli Jenni Ross Sayaka Shibata wesley van voorhis christophe Verlinde Frank Zucker Department of Biochemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Department of Biochemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Department of Biochemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Department of Biochemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Department of Biochemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Department of Biochemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Department of Biochemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Department of Biochemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Department of Biochemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Department of Biochemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Department of Biochemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Department of Biochemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Department of Biochemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA

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Effect of 5-FU on modulation of disarrangement of immune-associated cytokines in experimental acute pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第16期15卷 2032-2037页

作者： Xiao-Li chen Sang-Zhu ciren Hui Zhang Li-Geng Duan Alexander J wesley Department of General Surgery The Huaxi Hospital Medical Center University of Sichuan Chengdu 610041 China Department of Surgery Transplantation Division University of Cincinnati Medical Center Cincinnati OH 45267-0558 United States

AIM： To investigate the effects of 5-Fluorouracil （5-FU） on modulation of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in acute pancreatitis and the mechanism of it in the treatment of acute pancreatitis. METHODS： Male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to 3 Groups： Group A, sham operated rats as controls （n = 7）; Group B, acute pancreatitis induced by ductal injection with 5% sodium cholate at a volume of 1.0 mL/kg without any other treatment; Group c, after the pancreatitis was induced as in Group B, the rats were injected intravenously with 5-FU 40 mg/kg. The animals in Groups B and c were killed at 2, 6 and 24 h after operation （n = 7）, and blood samples were taken for measurement of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, interleukin-1 （IL-1）, interleukin-6 （IL-6）（by bioassay）, and interleukin-10 （IL-10）, transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）（by ELISA）. The wet weight of pancreatic tissue, serum amylase levels and white blood cells were also measured. RESULTS： Four rats in Group B and one in Group c died after pancreatitis was induced. Both pro-inflammatory cytokines （TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6） at the 2 and 6 h period and the anti-inflammatory cytokines （IL-10, TGF-β） at 24 h increased significantly （P 〈 0.05） in rats of Group B. After treatment with 5-FU, TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 in serum of rats of Group c were inhibited at 2 and 6 h after operation （P 〈 0.05）, and IL-IO, TGF-13 were inhibited at 24 h compared to Group B （P 〈 0.05）. Obvious improvements in the severity of the acute pancreatitis, including the amylase levels, wet weight of pancreatic tissue and neutrophil counts, were also observed after treatment with 5-FU. cONcLUSION： 5-FU is an anti-metabolic and immunosuppressive agent which can minimize the abnormal immune o/tokine response and relieve the pathophysiological disorders associated with experimental acute pancreatitis.

关键词： Pancreatitis cytokines Systemic inflammatory response syndrome 5-Fluorouracil

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Seasonal Variation of carbon and Nitrogen Emissions from Turfgrass

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American Journal of climate change 2016年第4期5卷 448-463页

作者： Said A. Hamido Elizabeth A. Guertal c. wesley Wood Southwest Florida Research and Education center University of Florida Immokalee FL USA crop Soil and Environmental Sciences Department Auburn University Auburn AL USA West Florida Research and Education center University of Florida Milton FL USA

The role of turfgrasses in c and N cycling in the southeastern U.S. has not been well documented. The objectives of this research were to determine the characterization of chemical quality, clipping decomposition rates, and c and N release from warm- and cool-season turfgrasses. The study was conducted for 46 weeks in 2012 in Auburn, AL. Four warm season turfgrasses were used included (bermudagrass [cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × c. transvaalensis Burtt Davy], centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack), St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze), zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.), and one cool season turfgrass (tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)). Litter was placed into nylon bags at an oven dry rate of 3.6 Mg?ha?1. Litter bags were retrieved after 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, and 46 weeks, and analyzed for total c and N. A double exponential decay model was used to describe mass, c, and N loss. Results indicated that tall fescue decomposition occurred rapidly compared to warm season turfgrasses. Litter mass loss measured after 46 weeks was determined to be 61.7%, 73.7%, 72.2%, 86.8%, and 45.4% in bermudagrass, centipedegrass, St. Augustinegrass, tall fescue, and zoysiagrass respectively. Zoysiagrass litter had a higher lignin concentration, while tall fescue had the lowest lignin. Over 46 weeks’ release of c was in the order: zoysiagrass > bermudagrass = centipedegrass = St. Augustinegrass > tall fescue, and release of N was in the order zoysiagrass > centipedegrass > bermudagrass = St. Augustinegrass > tall fescue. Our study concluded that, zosiagrass is a better choice for home lawns.

关键词： Double-Exponential Decay Model Turfgrasses Fiber content

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