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Bio-inspiration as a Concept for Sustainable Constructions Illustrated on Graded Concrete

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2019年第4期16卷 742-753页

作者： Rafael Horn Stefan Albrecht Walter Haase Max Langer Daniel Schmeer werner sobek Olga Speck Philip Leistner Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics IBP GaBi Stuttgart 70563Germany Institute for Lightweight Structures and Conceptual Design(ILEK’) University of StuttgartStuttgart 70569Germany Plant Biomechanics Group Botanic GardenUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg 79104Germany Institute for Acoustics and Building Physics University of StuttgartStuttgart 70569Germany

The building industry is one of the main contributors to worldwide resource consumption and anthropogenic climate ***,sustainable solutions in construction are particularly *** by the success principles of living nature,biologists and engineers present here an interdisciplinary work:The sustainability assessment of a bio-inspired material technology called graded concrete,which was developed at *** structural materials can be found in plants on different hierarchical levels,providing a multitude of creative solutions for *** concrete applies this biological concept of structural optimization to the interior structure of concrete components to minimize material and resource *** evaluate the sustainability of this innovation,a newly developed quantitative Bio-inspired Sustainability Assessment(BiSA)method is *** focuses on the relationship of environmental,social and economic functions and the corresponding burdens quantified basing on life cycle *** BiSA of graded concrete slabs shows significant improvements over conventional concrete for the applied use *** an overall reduction of environmental burdens by 13%is expected,economic burdens can be reduced by up to 40%and social burdens by 35.7%.The assessment of the graded concrete technology identifies its potential with regard to sustainable *** presented work provides a blueprint for the interdisciplinary,integrative work on sustainable,bio-inspired *** shows that the synergies of bio-inspiration and BiSA within technical product development can be fruitful.

关键词： sustainability assessment bio-inspired sustainability graded concrete biomimetic promise BiSA

位于德国Munich Munchner的高层联体建筑

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工程质量 2007年第14期25卷 5-10页

作者： werner sobek Thomas Winterstetter Michael Duder Stephen Hagenmayer 李中锡

一个高层联体建筑(如图1)在国际性建筑大赛上夺得了冠军。它的成功源自其建筑师、结构工程师和节能工程师的紧密结合。

关键词：建筑高层 Munich Munchner 混凝土强度等级浮筏基础复合柱组合柱荷载传递德国

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R128号住宅,斯图加特

建筑创作 2006年第5期 88-93页

作者：沃尔诺·索伯克罗伦德哈尔伯瑞士著名建筑杂志《成品建筑+居住》

在这栋试验性的建筑中采用了新型建筑材料、新的结构构件和高科技电子产品.除了常规的建筑设计与技术外,还使用了先进的能源控制系统,这在住宅设计中是一种大胆的尝试.这栋只有“一间房”（无任何隔间的）的建筑四周都设计了大玻璃幕墙... 详细信息

在这栋试验性的建筑中采用了新型建筑材料、新的结构构件和高科技电子产品.除了常规的建筑设计与技术外,还使用了先进的能源控制系统,这在住宅设计中是一种大胆的尝试.这栋只有“一间房”（无任何隔间的）的建筑四周都设计了大玻璃幕墙,极具垂直通透的空间感.居住在这栋透明的建筑物里的人有一种身处室外而不是在室内的感觉.电脑控制、音控和传感技术可以控制整个房间的温度、使冰箱的门自动打开,传感器可控制水龙头和照明开关.另外,尖端技术有效地降低了能源消耗,而不必引进室外能源.

关键词：住宅设计斯图加特建筑材料控制系统能源消耗建筑设计传感技术电子产品结构构件玻璃幕墙

Exact orbital-free kinetic energy functional for general many-electron systems

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Frontiers of physics 2020年第2期15卷 87-92页

作者： Thomas Pope werner Hofer School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle UniversityNewcastle NE17RUUnited Kingdom School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

The exact form of the kinetic energy functional has remained elusive in orbital-free models of density functional theory(DFT).This has been the main stumbling block for the development of a general-purpose framework on this ***,we show that on the basis of a two-density model,which represents many-electron systems by mass density and spin density components,we can derive the exact form of such a *** exact functional is shown to contain previously suggested functionals to some extent,with the notable exception of the Thomas-Fermi kinetic energy functional.

关键词： condensed matter density functional theory(DFT) extended electrons

Solving the dark-matter problem through dynamic interactions

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Frontiers of physics 2015年第6期10卷 1-5页

作者： werner A. Hofer School of Mathematics and Statistics Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7R U UK

Owing to the renewed interest in dark matter after the upgrade of the large hadron collider and its dedication to dark-matter research, it is timely to reassess the whole problem. Considering dark matter is one way to reconcile the discrepancy between the velocity of matter in the outer regions of galaxies and the observed galactic mass. Thus far, no credible candidate for dark matter has been identified. Here, we develop a model accounting for observations by rotations and interactions between rotating objects analogous to magnetic fields and interactions with moving charges. The magnitude of these fields is described by a fundamental constant on the order of 10^-41kg^-1. The same interactions can be observed in the solar system, where they lead to small changes in planetary orbits.

关键词： galactic rotation curves dark matter solar system perihelion of Mercury nodes of Venus

Uncertainty relations for general phase spaces

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Frontiers of physics 2016年第3期11卷 51-60页

作者： Reinhard F. werner Institut fiir Theoretische Physik Leibniz Universitiit Hannover Germany

We describe a setup for obtain!ing uncertainty relations for arbitrary pairs of observables related by a Fourier transform. The physical examples discussed here are the standard position and momentum, number and angle, finite qudit systems, and strings of qubits for quantum information applications. The uncertainty relations allow for an arbitrary choice of metric for the outcome distance, and the choice of an exponent distinguishing, e.g., absolute and root mean square deviations. The emphasis of this article is on developing a unified treatment, in which one observable takes on values in an arbitrary locally compact Abelian group and the other in the dual group. In all cases, the phase space symmetry implies the eciuality of measurement and preparation uncertainty bounds. There is also a straightforward method for determining the optimal bounds.

关键词： uncertainty relations phase space measurement uncertainty

A two-density approach to the general many-body problem and a proof of principle for small atoms and molecules

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Frontiers of physics 2019年第2期14卷 89-96页

作者： Thomas Pope werner Hofer School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle UniversityNewcastle NE1 7RUUnited Kingdom Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

An extended electron model fully recovers many of the experimental results of quantum mechanics while it avoids many of the pitfalls and remains generally free of paradoxes. The formulation of the manybody electronic problem here resembles the Kohn Sham formulation of standard density functional theory. However, rather than referring electronic properties to a large set of single electron orbitals, the extended electron model uses only mass density and field components, leading to a substantial increase in computational efficiency. To date, the Hohenberg-Kohn theorems have not been proved for a model of this type, nor has a universal energy functional been presented. In this paper, we address these problems and show that the Hohenberg Kohn theorems do also hold for a density model of this type. We then present a proof^of^concept practical implementation of this method and show that it reproduces the accuracy of more widely used methods on a test-set of small atomic systems, thus paving the way for the development of fast, efficient and accurate codes on this basis.

关键词： many-body condensed matter Hartree-Fock density functional theory extended electrons

Single-mode and tunable VCSELs in the near-to mid-infrared Invited Paper

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Chinese Optics Letters 2008年第10期6卷 743-747页

作者： Markus-Christian Amann werner Hofmann Walter Schottky Institut Technische Universitt MnchenD-85748 GarchingGermany

Single-mode, long-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers （VCSELs） in the near- to mid-infrared covering the wavelength range from 1.3 to 2.3 μm are presented. This wide spectral emission range opens applications in gas sensing and optical interconnects. All these lasers are monolithically grown in the InGaAlAs-InP material system utilizing a buried tunnel junction （BTJ） as current aperture. Fabricated with a novel high-speed design with reduced parasitics, bandwidths in excess of 10 GHz at 1.3 and 1.55 μm have been achieved. Therefore, the coarse wavelength division multiplexing （CWDM） wavelength range of 1.3 to 1.6 μm at 10 Gb/s can be accomplished with one technology. Error-free data-transmission at 10 Gb/s over a fiber link of 20 km is demonstrated. One-dimensional arrays have been fabricated with emission wavelengths addressable by current tuning. Micro-electro-mechanical system （MEMS） tunable devices provide an extended tuning range in excess of 50 nm with high spectral purity. All these devices feature continuous-wave （CW） operation with typical single-mode output powers exceeding 1 mW. The operation voltage is around 1 - 1.5 V and power consumption is as low as 10 - 20 mW. Furthermore, we have also developed VCSELs based on GaSb, targeting functionality of tunable diode laser spectroscopy （TDLS） applying a 1.84-μm VCSEL. at the wavelength range from 2.3 to 3.0 μm. The systems is shown by presenting a laser hygrometer

关键词： mode VCSEL Single-mode and tunable VCSELs in the near-to mid-infrared Invited Paper

Heisenberg, uncertainty, and the scanning tunneling microscope

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Frontiers of physics 2012年第2期7卷 218-222页

作者： werner A. Hofer (1) 1. Department of Physics University of Liverpool L69 3BX Liverpool UK

We show by a statistical analysis of high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy （STM） exper- iments, that the interpretation of the density of electron charge as a statistical quantity leads to a conflict with the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Given the precision in these experiments we find that the uncertainty principle would be violated by close to two orders of magnitude, if this interpretation were correct. We are thus forced to conclude that the density of electron charge is a physically real, i.e., in principle precisely measurable quantity.

关键词： scanning tunneling microscope electron charge density functional theory uncertaintyrelations