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Highlights of mainstream solar cell efficiencies in 2022

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能源前沿:英文版 2023年第1期17卷 9-15页

作者： wenzhong shen Yixin ZHAO Feng LIU Institute of Solar Energy and Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control of the Ministry of EducationSchool of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Environmental Science and Engineering and Frontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Frontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

The world record power conversion efficiency(PCE)of both the single-junction silicon and perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells was broken in 2022,and the massproduction of the passivating contact and perovskite solar cells(PSCs)was also significantly developed in 2022.Continuing to the first viewpoint on the highest independently confirmed PCE of mainstream and emerging solar cells in 2021[1],this paper highlights the certified PCE in 2022 of silicon,perovskite,and organic solar cells and analyzes the progress of each cell technology.

关键词： technology. perovskite mainstream

Highlights of mainstream solar cell efficiencies in 2021

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Frontiers in Energy 2022年第1期16卷 1-8页

Solar photovoltaic(PV)technology is expected to play a key role in global carbon neutrality.The global new installed solar PV capacity over the past 20 years has grown at a compound annual growth rate of approximately 40%,far outpacing other energy sources such as coal,oil,natural gas,and wind[1].The strong momentum of the PV industry comes from its rapidly decreased levelized cost of electricity due to technological improvement and large-scale application.

关键词： Solar momentum neutral

Nitrogen slow-release behavior of oxamide granules in two different types of paddy soils

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Pedosphere 2022年第6期32卷 856-865页

作者： Xun LI Jinlong DONG Jingjing DUAN wenzhong shen Zengqiang DUAN State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008(China) School of the Environment and Safety Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013(China) Agricultural Technology Promotion Center Taicang Agriculture CommitteeSuzhou 215400(China)

Oxamide is a potential slow-release nitrogen(N)fertilizer,especially under waterlogged conditions,due to its low solubility in water and the slow-release of ammonium by soil amidases.To investigate the effects of oxamide granules(2.00-2.38 mm in diameter)as a single basal fertilizer(180 or 144 kg N ha^(-1))on rice growth,soil properties,and N use efficiency in terms of N recovery efficiency(NRE),we conducted field experiments on two different types of paddy soils over two rice-growing seasons.Results showed that the fertilization effects of oxamide granules varied between the two types of paddy soils.In the red clayey paddy soil,the grain yields for both rice-growing seasons were high with a significantly higher NRE in the oxamide treatment than in the urea treatment.However,in the alluvial sandy paddy soil,the grain yields in the oxamide treatment were slightly lower than those in the urea treatment.Furthermore,oxamide produced little improvement in NRE in the alluvial sandy paddy soil.Soil incubation experiments over 98 d were also carried out to evaluate the factors affecting the N release behavior of oxamide granules in the two types of paddy soils.We found that the amidase activity was higher and,therefore,the oxamide hydrolysis rate was faster in the alluvial sandy paddy soil,which had a higher soil pH value and organic matter content,compared to the red clayey paddy soil.The faster N release and the longer growth period resulted in a mismatch between N supply by oxamide and rice demand,which,in turn,led to little improvement in NRE and a decreased grain yield in the alluvial sandy paddy soil,especially in the reduced oxamide treatment.These results could help select the appropriate size of oxamide granules for use as a slow-release N fertilizer depending on the soil properties and growth period of rice.

关键词： amidase activity grain yield nitrogen use efficiency organic matter content pH slow-release fertilizer

Monolithic perovskite/c-Si tandem solar cell:Progress on numerical simulation

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碳中和(英文) 2022年第1期1卷 507-522页

作者： Chao Gao Daxue Du wenzhong shen Institute of Solar Energy and Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control(Ministry of Education)School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240People’s Republic of China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing 210093People’s Republic of China

Perovskite/c-Si tandem solar cell(TSC)has gradually become the hottest research topic in photovoltaic field for global carbon neutrality.Here we review the recent progress of numerical simulation studies of monolithic perovskite/c-Si TSC in terms of the methodology,light harvesting management,and energy yield aspects.It is summarized that the integration of physical fundamentals of the methodology,optimization of modeling and parameter correction can bring simulation results closer to experiments.Based on theoretical analysis of light harvesting management,we have demonstrated that textures can enhance light trapping capability and resonance absorption.The advances of bifacial perovskite/c-Si TSC have been particularly reviewed in simulation calibration(current matching loss approach)and low-cost strategy(ultrathin Si).Finally,through the energy yield analysis of the monofacial and bifacial TSC,we have innovatively proposed that spectral variables,effective albedo and top-cell bandgap should be integrated into cell preparation and module installation.This in-depth numerical simulation review provides a guidance for experimental preparation of low-cost and high-efficiency perovskite/c-Si TSC.

关键词： Perovskite/c-Si Numerical simulation Methodology Optical property Energy yield

Asphaltenes: Separations, structural analysis and applications

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2019年第7期28卷 186-207页

作者： Pingping Zuo Shijie Qu wenzhong shen State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

Asphaltenes, complex aromatic compounds from various carbonaceous sources, could be obtained by solvent dissolution, filtration and adsorption. It was difficult to clarify the molecular structures and chemical properties of asphaltene due to its structural similarity, composition complexity and source dependences. Many techniques, like Mass spectrometry, Chromatography, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Infrared spectroscopy, Roman spectroscopy, Fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and Small-angle scattering techniques and so on, have revealed some valuable descriptions of asphaltenes chemical compositions and fundamental structures. Moreover, advanced Mass spectrometry,Atomic force microscopy and Scanning tunneling microscopy could provide more clear and essential molecular compounds and structures in asphaltenes. In addition, several asphaltenes models have succeeded to illustrate aggregation properties asphaltene. In this work, the progress on asphaltene separation, characterization and application was summarized, and the similarities and differences between coal-derived asphaltenes and petroleum asphaltenes were compared. Furthermore, the reactivity of asphaltenes has been discussed in the aspect of hydroprocessing, pyrolysis and gasification. Asphaltene was excellent carbon precursor for functional carbon material due to its high aromaticity and carbon yield;several porous carbon nanosheets from asphaltenes that would be prospective electrode materials after being graphitized were shown. Pitch-based carbon fiber derived from coal-derived asphaltenes displayed a tensile strength of 1.0 GPa and elastic modulus of 350 MPa, respectively. These powerful advances will provide asphaltenes promising developments.

关键词： Asphaltenes Separations Structures Aggregation Applications

SiO2 passivation layer grown by liquid phase deposition for silicon solar cell application

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Frontiers in Energy 2017年第1期11卷 52-59页

作者： Yanlin CHEN Sihua ZHONG Miao TAN wenzhong shen Institute of Solar Energy and Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education) Department of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing 210093 China

Surface passivation is one of the primary requirements for high efficient silicon solar cells. Though the current existed passivation techniques are effective, expensive equipments are required. In this paper, a comprehensive understanding of the SiO2 passivation layer grown by liquid phase deposition （LPD） was presented, which was cost-effective and very simple. It was found that the post-annealing process could significantly enhance the passivation effect of the LPD SiO2 film. Besides, it was revealed that both chemical passivation and field-effect passivation mechanisms played important roles in outstanding passivation effect of the LPD SiO2 film through analyzing the minority carrier lifetime and the surface recombination velocity of n-type and p-type silicon wafers. Although the deposition parameters had little influence on the passivation effect, they affected the deposition rate. Therefore, appropriate deposition para- meters should be carefully chosen based on the compromise of the deposition rate and fabrication cost. By utilizing the LPD SiO2 film as surface passivation layer, a 19.5%-efficient silicon solar cell on a large-scale wafer （156 mm × 156 mm） was fabricated.

关键词： Si solar cell passivation SiO2 liquid phasedeposition carrier lifetime

A method of convolutional neural network based on frequency segmentation for monitoring the state of wind turbine blades

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2023年第6期13卷 465-480页

作者： Weijun Zhu Yunan Wu Zhenye Sun wenzhong shen Guangxing Guo Jianwei Lin College of Electrical Energy and Power EngineeringYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225127China

Wind turbine blades are prone to failure due to high tip speed,rain,dust and so on.A surface condition detecting approach based on wind turbine blade aerodynamic noise is proposed.On the experimental measurement data,variational mode decomposition filtering and Mel spectrogram drawing are conducted first.The Mel spectrogram is divided into two halves based on frequency characteristics and then sent into the convolutional neural network.Gaussian white noise is superimposed on the original signal and the output results are assessed based on score coefficients,considering the complexity of the real environment.The surfaces of Wind turbine blades are classified into four types:standard,attachments,polishing,and serrated trailing edge.The proposed method is evaluated and the detection accuracy in complicated background conditions is found to be 99.59%.In addition to support the differentiation of trained models,utilizing proper score coefficients also permit the screening of unknown types.

关键词： Wind turbine aerodynamic noise Surface condition detection Mel spectrogram Image segmentation Convolution neural network(CNN)

Identification of nitrogen-polyaromatic compounds in asphaltene from co-processing of coal and petroleum residue using chromatography with mass spectrometry

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2017年第3期4卷 281-299页

作者： Pingping Zuo wenzhong shen State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of CoalChemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Talyuan 030001People's Republic of China

Asphaltene, from co-processing of coal and petroleum residues is one of the most precious and complex molecular mixtures existing, with tremendous economic relevance. Asphaltene was separated by Soxhlet extraction with methylbenzene and then divided into three parts by distillation. Gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF MS) to separate and characterize organic nitrogen species in the distillates of asphaltene at molecular level. Molecular mass of compounds was mainly distributed from 150 to 600 μ. Number of rings plus double bonds (rdb) and synchronous fluorescence spectra indicated that most of the organonitrogen compounds (NPAC) contained heterocyclic aromatic rings, including pyridines, anilines, quinolins, pyrroles, carbazoles and indoles plus various alkyl groups. Constant-wavelength synchronous fluorescence spectrometry (CWSFS) indicated NPAC with 2–3 rings were the main structures of organonitrogen compounds and the corresponding structural information was proposed. Some organic nitrogen isomers were separated and identified by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) GC-Q-TOF MS and electrospray ionization (ESI) HPLC-Q-TOF MS. The methodology applied here contained chromatographic injection of the diluted sample using conventional columns sets and Data Analysis 4.2 software. Identifying molecular structures provides a foundation to understand all aspects of coal-derived asphaltene, enabling a first-principles approach to optimize resource utilization.

关键词：高效液相色谱法有机氮化合物多环芳烃化合物飞行时间质谱石油渣油沥青质共处理同步荧光光谱

A Facile Self-assembly Synthesis of Hexagonal ZnO Nanosheet Films and Their Photoelectrochemical Properties

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Nano-Micro Letters 2016年第2期8卷 137-142页

作者： Bin Zhang Faze Wang Changqing Zhu Qiang Li Jingnan Song Maojun Zheng Li Ma wenzhong shen Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education) Department of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University School of Chemistry & Chemical Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Here, large-scale and uniform hexagonal zinc oxide(ZnO) nanosheet films were deposited onto indium tin oxide(ITO)-coated transparent conducting glass substrates via a facile galvanic displacement deposition process. Compared with other commonly used solution methods, this process avoids high temperature and electric power as well as supporting agents to make it simple and cost-effective. The as-fabricated ZnO nanosheet films have uniform hexagonal wurtzite structure. The photoelectrochemical(PEC) cell based on ZnO nanosheet film/ITO photoelectrode was also fabricated and its performance was improved by optimizing the solution concentration. A higher photocurrent density of*500 l A cm^(-2)under AM 1.5 G simulated illumination of 100 m W cm^(-2)with zero bias potential(vs. Ag/AgCl electrode) was obtained, which may ascribe to the increased surface-to-volume ratio of disordered Zn O nanosheet arrays. Our developed method may be used to deposit other oxide semiconductors, and the Zn O nanosheet film/ITO PEC cell can be used to design low-cost optoelectronic and photoelectrochemical devices.

关键词： Zinc oxide Nanosheet film Self-assemble Galvanic displacement method Photoelectrochemical property