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The Neural Mechanism of Knowledge Assembly in the Human Brain Inspires Artificial Intelligence Algorithm

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第2期40卷 280-282页

作者： Xiang Ji wentao Jiang Xiaoru zhang Ming Song Shan Yu Tianzi Jiang University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Brainnetome Center Institute of AutomationThe Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Laboratory of Brain Atlas and Brain-inspired Intelligence Institute of AutomationThe Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology The Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Research Center for Augmented Intelligence Zhejiang LabHangzhou 311100China

When new information enters the brain,a human's prior knowledge of the world can change rapidly through a process referred to as"knowledge assembly".Recently,Nelli et al.investigated the neural correlates of knowledge assembly in the human brain using functional MRI.Further,inspired by the neural mechanism,the authors developed an artificial neural network algorithm to permit rapid knowledge assembly,improving the flexibility of the system[1].Once again,this research demonstrates that studying how the brain works can lead to better computational algorithms.

关键词： neural knowledge artificial

Cyanidin-3-glucoside protects the photooxidative damage of retinal pigment epithelium cells by regulating sphingolipid signaling and inhibiting MAPK pathway

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第2期13卷 621-632页

作者： Tingting Liu wentao Qi Wenting Peng Jianan zhang Yong Wang School of Health Science and Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration Beijing 100037China Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA

Cyanidin-3-glucoside(C3G)is the most common anthocyanin in dark grains and berries and is a food functional factor to improve visual health.However,the mechanisms of C3G on blue light-induced retinal pigment epithelial(RPE)cell photooxidative damage needs further exploration.We investigated the effects of C3G on blue light-irradiated A2E-containing RPE cells and explored whether sphingolipid,mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK),and mitochondria-mediated pathways are involved in this mechanism.Blue light irradiation led to mitochondria and lysosome damage in RPE cells,whereas C3G preserved mitochondrial morphology and function and maintained the lysosomal integrity.C3G suppressed the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK and mitochondria-mediated pathways to inhibit RPE cell apoptosis.Lipidomics data showed that C3G protected RPE cells against blue light-induced lipid peroxidation and apoptosis by maintaining sphingolipids balance.C3G significantly inhibited ceramide(Cer d18:0/15:0,Cer d18:0/16:0 and Cer d18:0/18:0)accumulation and elevated galactosylceramide(GalCer d18:1/15:0 and GalCer d18:1/16:0)levels in the irradiated A2E-containing RPE cells.Furthermore,C3G attenuated cell membrane damage by increasing phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine levels.C3G inhibited apoptosis and preserved the structure of mitochondria and lysosome by regulating sphingolipid signaling and suppression of MAPK activation in RPE cells.Thus,dietary supplementation of C3G prevents retinal photooxidative damage.

关键词： Cyanidin-3-glucoside Ceramide MAPK pathway Mitochondria-dependent apoptosis Lipidomics analysis

甘肃省小麦品种(系)矮秆基因检测及分布规律

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植物遗传资源学报 2024年第2期25卷 206-217页

作者：杨芳萍郭莹田媛媛曹世勤刘金栋张雪婷鲁清林张文涛王世红虎梦霞王雅美甘肃省农业科学院农业经济与信息研究所兰州730070 甘肃省农业科学院小麦研究所兰州730070 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所北京100081 中山大学农学院广东深圳518107

地方种是小麦育种的重要种质资源,为了解矮秆基因在地方种中的分布,本研究检测了甘肃省地方种矮秆基因等位变异类型及其在不同麦区的分布频率。结果表明:(1)地方种Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b的频率极低;41.4%的地方种携带Rht8,且春麦区高于冬麦区... 详细信息

地方种是小麦育种的重要种质资源,为了解矮秆基因在地方种中的分布,本研究检测了甘肃省地方种矮秆基因等位变异类型及其在不同麦区的分布频率。结果表明:(1)地方种Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b的频率极低;41.4%的地方种携带Rht8,且春麦区高于冬麦区;46.7%的地方种含Rht24b,春麦区低于冬麦区。Ppd-D1a的频率仅17.8%,且春麦区低于冬麦区。另外,仅检测到Rht-D1b/Rht8、Rht-D1b/Rht24b和Rht8/Rht24b 3种组合,频率分别为0.2%、0.5%和12.8%。(2)地方种携带的矮秆基因及其组合分布频率低于育成种,且差异较大。不同来源育成品种携带的优势矮秆等位变异和频率不同,清水试验站的品种以Rht-D1b、Rht8和Rht24b为主,黄羊试验站的品种以Rht-B1b、Rht-D1b、Rht8和Rht24b为主,甘谷试验站的品种以Rht8和Rht24b为主。清水和黄羊试验站的品种秆矮、丰产性好,可在河西、沿黄灌区、陇南、陇东的小麦育种中应用;甘谷试验站的品种茎秆高,抗病性突出,可应用于定西、天水、陇南和陇东等旱地小麦的抗病改良。(3)基于分子标记检测结果,筛选出15份地方种和31份育成种,以上材料均携带2个及以上降秆基因(包括矮秆基因或Ppd-D1a),可为甘肃不同麦区小麦矮秆育种提供亲本材料。

关键词：甘肃地方种矮秆基因分子标记分布频率

A personalized electronic textile for ultrasensitive pressure sensing enabled by biocompatible MXene/ PEDOT:PSS composite

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Carbon Energy 2024年第3期6卷 224-238页

作者： Yahua Li wentao Cao Zhi Liu Yue zhang Ziyan Chen Xianhong Zheng Department of Interventional Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina School of Textile and Garment Anhui Polytechnic UniversityWuhuAnhuiChina Department of Prosthodontics Shanghai Stomatological Hospital and School of StomatologyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyDonghua UniversityShanghaiChina

Flexible,breathable,and highly sensitive pressure sensors have increasingly become a focal point of interest due to their pivotal role in healthcare monitoring,advanced electronic skin applications,and disease diagnosis.However,traditional methods,involving elastomer film-based substrates or encapsulation techniques,often fall short due to mechanical mismatches,discomfort,lack of breathability,and limitations in sensing abilities.Consequently,there is a pressing need,yet it remains a significant challenge to create pressure sensors that are not only highly breathable,flexible,and comfortable but also sensitive,durable,and biocompatible.Herein,we present a biocompatible and breathable fabric-based pressure sensor,using nonwoven fabrics as both the sensing electrode(coated with MXene/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate[PEDOT:PSS])and the interdigitated electrode(printed with MXene pattern)via a scalable spray-coating and screen-coating technique.The resultant device exhibits commendable air permeability,biocompatibility,and pressure sensing performance,including a remarkable sensitivity(754.5 kPa^(−1)),rapid response/recovery time(180/110 ms),and robust cycling stability.Furthermore,the integration of PEDOT:PSS plays a crucial role in protecting the MXene nanosheets from oxidation,significantly enhancing the device's long-term durability.These outstanding features make this sensor highly suitable for applications in fullrange human activities detection and disease diagnosis.Our study underscores the promising future of flexible pressure sensors in the realm of intelligent wearable electronics,setting a new benchmark for the industry.

关键词： biocompatibility MXene pressure sensor screen printing textile

Optical manipulation of the topological phase in ZrTe_(5) revealed by time-and angle-resolved photoemission

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第1期33卷 170-175页

作者：黄超之徐骋洋朱锋锋段绍峰刘见喆顾凌霄王石崇刘浩然钱冬罗卫东张文涛 Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

High-resolution time-and angle-resolved photoemission measurements were conducted on the topological insulator ZrTe_(5).With strong femtosecond photoexcitation,a possible ultrafast phase transition from a weak to a strong topological insulating phase was experimentally realized by recovering the energy gap inversion in a time scale that was shorter than 0.15 ps.This photoinduced transient strong topological phase can last longer than 2 ps at the highest excitation fluence studied,and it cannot be attributed to the photoinduced heating of electrons or modification of the conduction band filling.Additionally,the measured unoccupied electronic states are consistent with the first-principles calculation based on experimental crystal lattice constants,which favor a strong topological insulating phase.These findings provide new insights into the longstanding controversy about the strong and weak topological properties in ZrTe_(5),and they suggest that many-body effects including electron–electron interactions must be taken into account to understand the equilibrium weak topological insulating phase in ZrTe_(5).

关键词： time-and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy electronic structure topological insulator

活性剂增强改性水泥基渗透结晶型防水材料抗渗试验

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粘接 2024年第2期51卷 104-107页

作者：曹济陈晓庭张文涛孙绿林宋永胜中国建筑第七工程局有限公司河南郑州450003

为优化水泥基材料的自防水性能,制备了一种水泥基渗透结晶型防水材料(CCCW),并通过正交试验研究活性化学物质最佳配比。结果表明,硅酸钠、无水碳酸钠、氧化镁以及甘氨酸4种活性化学物质的最佳硅灰取代率分别为8%、8%、8%和4%;在最佳硅... 详细信息

为优化水泥基材料的自防水性能,制备了一种水泥基渗透结晶型防水材料(CCCW),并通过正交试验研究活性化学物质最佳配比。结果表明,硅酸钠、无水碳酸钠、氧化镁以及甘氨酸4种活性化学物质的最佳硅灰取代率分别为8%、8%、8%和4%;在最佳硅灰取代率配比下,试验制备的CCCW一次、二次抗渗压力分别为1.4、1.7 MPa,一次、二次抗渗压力比为350%、425%,28 d抗压强度为39.7 MPa,抗压强度比为104%,吸水率对比空白试件降低43.6%,各性能均符合水泥基渗透结晶型防水材料技术指标要求。

关键词：自防水渗透结晶抗渗压力比抗压强度比吸水率

Time-space multiplexed photonic-electronic digital multiplier

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Photonics Research 2024年第3期12卷 499-504页

作者： WENKAI zhang BO WU wentao GU JUNWEI CHENG HAILONG ZHOU LIAO CHEN WENCHAN DONG JIANJI DONG XINLIANG zhang Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

Optical computing has shown immense application prospects in the post-Moore era.However,as a crucial component of logic computing,the digital multiplier can only be realized on a small scale in optics,restrained by the limited functionalities and inevitable loss of optical nonlinearity.In this paper,we propose a time-space multiplexed architecture to realize large-scale photonic-electronic digital multiplication.

关键词： multiplier electronic restrained

城镇聚乙烯燃气管道内检测机器人技术研究进展

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管道技术与设备 2024年第2期 42-51,62页

作者：张文涛苗舒阳李旭赵东亚程经纬金广义中国石油大学(华东)石大山能新能源学院合肥通用机械研究院有限公司吉林省焓荣科技有限公司

国内城镇聚乙烯燃气管道主要采用埋地安装方式。在长期使用过程中,为及时发现管道老化、内部缺陷问题,需要使用管道机器人进行全面检测。文中按照机器人的运动类型分类介绍了国内外管道机器人的研究进展;介绍了聚乙烯管道的特性以及现... 详细信息

国内城镇聚乙烯燃气管道主要采用埋地安装方式。在长期使用过程中,为及时发现管道老化、内部缺陷问题,需要使用管道机器人进行全面检测。文中按照机器人的运动类型分类介绍了国内外管道机器人的研究进展;介绍了聚乙烯管道的特性以及现有聚乙烯管道检测技术的发展现状;研究了目前城镇聚乙烯管道检测存在的主要问题,最后提出实现机器人与多种检测技术联合使用将对未来城镇聚乙烯燃气管道内检测的发展有重要意义。

关键词：聚乙烯燃气管道缺陷检测管道机器人自适应机构无损检测

Toward a rapid and convenient nanoplastic quantification method in laboratory-scale study based on fluorescence intensity

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 117-126页

作者： Ruiqi Yan Sen Lin Qian Ding Lei zhang Xia Yu wentao Zhao Qian Sui State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process School of Resources and Environmental EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai200092China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai200092China

The thorough investigation of nanoplastics(NPs)in aqueous environments requires efficient and expeditious quantitative analytical methods that are sensitive to environmentally relevant NP concentrations and convenient to employ.Optical analysis-based quantitative methods have been acknowledged as effective and rapid approaches for quantifying NP concentrations in laboratory-scale studies.Herein,we compared three commonly used optical response indicators,namely fluorescence intensity(FI),ultraviolet absorbance,and turbidity,to assess their performance in quantifying NPs.Furthermore,orthogonal experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of various water quality parameters on the preferred indicator-based quantification method.The results revealed that FI exhibits the highest correlation coefficient(>0.99)with NP concentration.Notably,the limit of quantification(LOQ)for various types of NPs is exceptionally low,ranging from 0.0089 to 0.0584 mg/L in ultrapure water,well below environmentally relevant concentrations.Despite variations in water quality parameters such as pH,salinity,suspended solids(SS),and humic acid,a robust relationship between detectable FI and NP concentration was identified.However,an increased matrix,especially SS in water samples,results in an enhanced LOQ for NPs.Nevertheless,the quantitative method remains applicable in real water bodies,especially in drinking water,with NP LOQ as low as 0.0157–0.0711 mg/L.This exceeds the previously reported detectable concentration for 100 nm NPs at 40µg/mL using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.This study confirms the potential of FI as a reliable indicator for the rapid quantification of NPs in aqueous environments,offering substantial advantages in terms of both convenience and cost-effectiveness.

关键词： Nanoplastic quantification Fluorescence intensity Drinking water Limit of quantification(LOQ) Matrix effects