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Male attacks on infants and infant death during male takeovers in wild white-headed langurs(Trachypithecus leucocephalus)

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第4期8卷 365-377页

作者： Lijie YIN Tong JIN Kunio WATANABE Dagong QIN Dezhi WANG wenshi pan Center for Nature and Society School of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina Chongzuo Biodiversity Research Institute Peking UniversityChongzuoGuangxiChina Primate Research Institute Kyoto UniversityJapan The Nature Conservancy China ProgramKunmingYunnanChina

Infanticide was first observed in langurs nearly 50 years ago,and this rare phenomenon has been inferred to have either an evolutionarily adaptive function or to be a pathological and non-functional *** this study,we report 5 male takeover events in one-male groups of white-headed langurs in the Nongguan Karst Hills,Guangxi,China from 1998 to *** recorded 13 attacks on 9 infants by extra-group males or new resident *** the male takeovers,all of the infants younger than 6 months(with an average age of 3.6 months[N=11])in the groups *** infant death rate during the 4.2 months after takeover by a new male was significantly higher than the infant death rate calculated for most of the *** infants that were still nursing(with an average age of 14.1 months[N=7])were often attacked and seriously wounded by the extra-group males or new resident males,but all of them *** interbirth intervals of females whose infants were assumed to be killed by males were significantly reduced relative to those of females in groups with stable male tenure(mean=10 months vs 25 months).Our data suggest that males kill unrelated and unweaned infants during the takeover period to decrease the time until the infants’mothers resume ***,infanticide would support sexual selection theory in white-headed *** data also show that infanticidal behavior was directed toward the infants,especially those who were still *** dispersal may function as a counter-strategy to avoid infanticide.

关键词： infanticide male takeover sexual selection hypothesis Trachypithecus leucocephalus whiteheaded langur

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A newly discovered Gigantopithecus fauna from Sanhe Cave, Chongzuo, Guangxi, South China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第5期54卷 788-797页

作者： JIN ChangZhu QIN DaGong pan wenshi TANG ZhiLu LIU JinYi WANG Yuan DENG ChengLong ZHANG YingQi DONG Wei TONG HaoWen Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Laboratory Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029. China

Among the most important faunas in the Late Cenozoic, the Gigantopithecus faunas have received a good deal of attention. The Gigantopithecus fauna recently discovered in Sanhe Cave consists of more than 80 mammal species, including cf. Hominidae, Pongo sp., Hylobates sp., Sinomastodon yangzien-sis, Stegodon preorientalis, Cervavitus fenqii, Dicoryphochoerus ultimus and Sus xiaozhu. It is the southernmost Gigantopithecus fauna found so far in China. Its geological age is estimated to be Early Pleistocene based on the fauna and stratigraphic correlation. The significant increase in the estimated body sizes of Ailuropoda, Gigantopithecus and Tapirus shows that the Sanhe fauna is middle Early Pleistocene, later than those from Wushan and Liucheng (early Early Pleistocene). Paleomagnetic dating of the fossil-bearing strata in Sanhe Cave gives an age of approximately 1.2 Ma. The fauna is characterized by tropical-subtropical forest types, including Pongo sp., Tupaia sp., Ia sp., Typhlomys intermedius, etc., and it lacks Palaearctic types. It is a typical tropical forest fauna, suggesting an en-vironment with a lush forest and a warm and humid climate. The discovery of the Sanhe Gigantopith-ecus fauna is significant for establishing the chronological stages of the Gigantopithecus faunas in China, and for discussing their origin, evolution and dynamics.

关键词：崇左市洞穴巨猿动物群化石

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The Homo sapiens Cave hominin site of Mulan Mountain,Jiangzhou District,Chongzuo,Guangxi with emphasis on its age

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第21期54卷 3848-3856页

作者： JIN ChangZhu pan wenshi ZHANG YingQi CAI YanJun XU QinQi TANG ZhiLu WANG Wei WANG Yuan LIU JinYi QIN DaGong R. Lawrence Edwards CHENG Hai Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP) Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an 710075 China Natural History Museum of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Nanning 530012 China Department of Geology and Geophysics University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA

One of the most hotly debated and frontal issues in paleoanthropology focuses on the origins of modern humans. Recently, an incomplete hominin mandible with a distinctly weaker mental protuberance than modern human and a great variety of coexisting fossil mammals were unearthed from the Homo sapiens Cave of Mulan Mountain, Chongzuo, Guangxi. The mammalian fauna from the Homo sapiens Cave characterized by the combination of Elephas kiangnanensis, first occurring Elephas maixmus, and Megatapirus augustus, and strikingly different from the Early Pleistocene Gigantopithecus fauna and the Middle Pleistocene Ailuropoda-Stogodon fauna of South China could be regarded as an early representive of the typical Asian elephant fauna. Faunal analysis, biostratigraphic correlation, and, most importantly, U-series dating all consistently support an estimate of ca. 110 ka for the age of the fossil Homo sapiens and coexisting mammalian fauna, that is, the early Late Pleistocene. The fauna is mainly made up of tropical-subtropical elements, but grassland elements have a much greater variety than forest elements, which probably indicates a drier climate at that time. This discovery of early Homo sapiens at the Mulan Mountain will play a significant role in the study of the origin and its environmental background of modern humans.

关键词：早期智人木兰人族广西年龄现代人类起源哺乳动物化石哺乳动物群

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Drug repurposing screen identifies vidofludimus calcium and pyrazofurin as novel chemical entities for the development of hepatitis E interventions

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第1期39卷 123-133页

作者： Hongbo Guo Dan Liu Kuan Liu Yao Hou Chunyang Li Qiudi Li Xiaohui Ding Monique M.A.Verstegen Jikai Zhang Lingli Wang Yibo Ding Renxian Tang Xiucheng pan Kuiyang Zheng Luc J.Wvan der Laan Qiuwei pan wenshi Wang Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and MetabolismJiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and MetabolismXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou221004China Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Erasmus MC-University Medical CenterRotterdamNL-3015 CNthe Netherlands Department of Surgery Erasmus MC Transplant InstituteUniversity Medical CenterRotterdam3015CENL-3015 CNthe Netherlands Department of Infectious Diseases The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou221002China

Hepatitis E virus(HEV)infection can cause severe complications and high mortality,particularly in pregnant women,organ transplant recipients,individuals with pre-existing liver disease and immunosuppressed ***,there are still unmet needs for treating chronic HEV ***,we screened a best-in-class drug repurposing library consisting of 262 drugs/*** screening,we identified vidofludimus calcium and pyrazofurin as novel anti-HEV *** calcium is the next-generation dihydroorotate dehydrogenase(DHODH)inhibitor in the phase 3 pipeline to treat autoimmune diseases or SARS-CoV-2 *** selectively targets uridine monophosphate synthetase(UMPS).Their anti-HEV effects were further investigated in a range of cell culture models and human liver organoids models with wild type HEV strains and ribavirin treatment failure-associated HEV ***,both drugs exhibited a sizeable therapeutic window against *** instance,the IC50 value of vidofludimus calcium is 4.6–7.6-fold lower than the current therapeutic doses in ***,their anti-HEV mode of action depends on the blockage of pyrimidine ***,two drugs robustly inhibited ribavirin treatment failure-associated HEV mutants(Y1320H,G1634R).Their combination with IFN-αresulted in synergistic antiviral *** conclusion,we identified vidofludimus calcium and pyrazofurin as potent candidates for the treatment of HEV *** on their antiviral potency,and also the favorable safety profile identified in clinical studies,our study supports the initiation of clinical studies to repurpose these drugs for treating chronic hepatitis E.

关键词： Hepatitis Evirus(HEV) Drug repurposing Vidofludimus calcium Pyrazofurin Pyrimidine biosynthesis

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碟形弹簧失效分析与改进措施

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机械工程师 2016年第9期 256-257页

作者：潘文仕上海萨克斯动力总成部件系统有限公司柳州分公司广西柳州545006

用于膜片弹簧铆合模具的碟形弹簧在生产过程中发生断裂失效情况,对失效的碟形弹簧进行原因分析,并提出改进措施,提高其使用寿命。

关键词：碟形弹簧疲劳寿命失效分析铆合模具

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北京大学崇左野外基地建立与管理的探索与实践

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实验技术与管理 2016年第11期33卷 240-243页

作者：殷丽洁秦大公潘文石北京大学生命科学学院北京100871

结合北京大学崇左生物多样性研究和野外实习基地建设的探索与实践,介绍了野外基地的建立和后期发展的历史和动力。通过对基地开放平台的管理模式长处和不足的综合分析,表明吸引社会各方力量,共同建设、共同管理、资源共享,不仅可以有效... 详细信息

结合北京大学崇左生物多样性研究和野外实习基地建设的探索与实践,介绍了野外基地的建立和后期发展的历史和动力。通过对基地开放平台的管理模式长处和不足的综合分析,表明吸引社会各方力量,共同建设、共同管理、资源共享,不仅可以有效地利用高校资源,服务于社会,使社会公众感受、参与高等学府的科学研究,而且社会各方的参与进一步完善了基地的公共设施建设、促进了科研活动的开展、培养了学生的科研创新能力与社会责任感。更重要的是,在野生动物得到保护的同时,当地百姓的生活条件也得以改善。

关键词：生物多样性野外基地建立与管理探索与实践

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非人灵长类种群数量调查方法综述

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兽类学报 2022年第6期42卷 716-727页

作者：陈熙尔殷丽洁秦大公姚锦仙李小雨潘文石北京大学生命科学学院自然保护与社会发展研究中心北京100871 北京大学生态研究中心北京100871

监测估算野生动物的种群数量是保护的核心工作。由于气候变化和人类活动的影响,野生动物种群常处于不稳定的状态。非人灵长类是动物界的高等类群,具有复杂的社会行为、丰富的物种多样性,全球有701种(含亚种),生活在多种类型的栖息地中,... 详细信息

监测估算野生动物的种群数量是保护的核心工作。由于气候变化和人类活动的影响,野生动物种群常处于不稳定的状态。非人灵长类是动物界的高等类群,具有复杂的社会行为、丰富的物种多样性,全球有701种(含亚种),生活在多种类型的栖息地中,包括热带雨林、沼泽森林、红树林、次生林、落叶林、季雨林、山地森林,和包含孤存林、长廊森林、热带旱生林、山地草甸、地中海灌木林的稀树草原和干草原,以及荒漠、干旱的山地,甚至是雪地。绝大多数非人灵长类处于濒危的状态,长期有效的监测对于灵长类的保护十分重要。物种多样性和栖息地类型的多样性使得灵长类种群数量的调查方法多种多样。本文归纳总结了目前常用的非人灵长类种群数量调查方法的类型、基本原理、适用场景和局限性,并以研究实例加以分析;介绍了无人机、热成像、计算机学习系统等新技术应用在调查方法中的进展,希望为今后的非人灵长类野外数量调查、种群监测提供参考和启发。

关键词：灵长类直接计数法样线法样点法红外相机调查法遗传调查法无人机调查法

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壮观放线菌素(Actinospectacin)的研究——Ⅳ 壮观放线菌素粉针剂试制及其对猪、鸡枝原体病的防治

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内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版) 1988年第1期 153-162页

作者：张鹤龄廖仰南何冬梅潘文石苏国栋杨春林内蒙古大学生物系北京大学生物系内蒙古畜牧科学研究所

内蒙古大学选育的壮观链霉菌(Streptomycecs spectabilis)UV 315的形态变异株LUV—80—2产生的碱性水溶性抗菌素,经中国医学科学院药物研究所鉴定,其理化性质与美国Upjohn公司制造的Actinospectacin(商品名为Trobicin)相一致。试制的粉... 详细信息

内蒙古大学选育的壮观链霉菌(Streptomycecs spectabilis)UV 315的形态变异株LUV—80—2产生的碱性水溶性抗菌素,经中国医学科学院药物研究所鉴定,其理化性质与美国Upjohn公司制造的Actinospectacin(商品名为Trobicin)相一致。试制的粉针剂,经内蒙古自治区卫生局药品检验所检验,符合美国药典19版规定的壮观放线菌素粉针剂的各项标准。北京大学生物系应用内蒙古大学生物系生产的壮观放线菌素治疗实验性鸡枝原体病,表明具有一定疗效。和对照组比较,治疗组的增重率,饲料报酬率高,枝原体检出率和全血平板凝集反应阳性率低,气囊的损伤程度也较低。内蒙古畜牧科学研究所第一次应用壮观放线菌素粉针剂治疗猪喘气病,疗程8天,日治疗量1克,一次肌注,主攻疗程和巩固疗程的有效率均为100％。疗效显著,优于土霉素。

关键词：壮观放线菌素鸡枝原体病猪喘气病

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Numerical prediction experiment on Typhoon Maggie (9903)

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2001年第2期20卷 171-182页

作者： Fong Soi Kun, Wu Chisheng, Hao I pan, Lam Kin Hang Ku Chi Meng, Wang Anyu, Lin wenshi (1. Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau, Macao, China 2. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, China) Macao Meteorological/Geophysical Bur Department of Atmospheric Sciences Zhongshan University Macao Macau

The movement of Typhoon Maggie (9903) in June 1999 is one of the rare cases ever seen in the history. At 00U on June 6 Maggie was located at about 70 km to the southwest of Taiwan. When it arrived at the coastal region of Shanwei City (22.8N, 116.5E), it turned suddenly to move southwestward along the southern China coastal line. De June 7 Maggie finally turned to move northward, making landfall to the north of Shangchuan Island. The experimental numerical prediction system on typhoon movement that was designed based on MM5 is proved quite successful for the 48h prediction of Maggie's movement and rainfall. The mean prediction error of typhoon track is 81 km for 0-24 h and 74 km for 24-48 h. The location of typhoon center in the initial field of the model is approximately 100 km away from the actual observations. In order to modify the location of typhoon center, a bogus typhoon was intro- duced into the model and the prediction of typhoon track was improved in 0-24 h time interval. But the prediction error was enlarged in 24-36 h. We also performed a sensitivity experiment of changing the land of southern China into the ocean. It is found that the orientation of South China coastal line and the topography have no obvious effect on the movement of Typhoon Maggie.

关键词： Typhoon movement numerical prediction South China coastal line

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多壁碳纳米管分阶段暴露对热带爪蛙胚胎发育的毒性

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环境科学学报 2020年第7期40卷 2671-2678页

作者：赵建彬许燕滨郑莉杜青平罗文诗潘欣颖广东工业大学环境科学与工程学院广州510006 广东工业大学分析测试中心广州510006

近年来,碳纳米管(CNTs)的产量和使用量不断增大,提高了其释放到环境中的可能性.尽管碳纳米管的水生生态毒性有所报道,但对两栖动物胚胎的发育毒性研究仍比较少.本研究采用分阶段暴露的方式,以热带爪蛙胚胎的死亡率、孵化率、畸形率、畸... 详细信息

近年来,碳纳米管(CNTs)的产量和使用量不断增大,提高了其释放到环境中的可能性.尽管碳纳米管的水生生态毒性有所报道,但对两栖动物胚胎的发育毒性研究仍比较少.本研究采用分阶段暴露的方式,以热带爪蛙胚胎的死亡率、孵化率、畸形率、畸形类型、心率、体长等作为毒性评价指标,研究不同浓度多壁碳纳米管(25、50 mg·L^-1)对爪蛙胚胎发育的胚胎毒性与敏感窗口.结果显示,多壁碳纳米管可导致爪蛙胚胎死亡率升高,孵化率降低,但对其心率、体长没有显著性影响(p>0.05).产生的畸形类型包括心腔水肿、脊索弯曲、泄殖腔畸形、眼睛畸形等,其中,心腔水肿占的比例最大为28.7%.另外,根据死亡率、孵化率、畸形率等指标综合评价爪蛙胚胎对多壁碳纳米管的敏感程度,由强到弱的顺序依次是:原肠胚期、囊胚期、神经胚期、尾芽期.研究表明,浓度为25 mg·L^-1和50 mg·L^-1的多壁碳纳米管对热带爪蛙胚胎发育具有一定的毒性作用,其作用机理与胚胎卵膜粘附碳纳米管有间接关系,研究结果可为合理评价碳纳米管对水生生物胚胎的影响提供一定的理论参考.

关键词：碳纳米管热带爪蛙胚胎分阶段暴露胚胎毒性敏感窗口

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