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Large electrical strain in lead-free K_(0.5)Na_(0.5)NbO_(3)-based ceramics by heterovalent doping

Journal of Materiomics 2023年第5期9卷 959-970页

作者： Xiangjian Wang Jun Wang wenping geng Guohua Dong Brahim Dkhil Xiaojie Lou Department of Information Engineering Quzhou College of TechnologyQuzhou324000China Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory North University of ChinaTaiyuan030051China Electronic Materials Research Laboratory Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education&International Center for Dielectric ResearchXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China Applied Physics Division of Materials ScienceDepartment of Engineering Sciences and MathematicsLuleåUniversity of TechnologySE-97187LuleåSweden Laboratoire Structures Proprietes et Modelisation des SolidesUniversite Paris SaclayCentraleSupelecCNRS-UMR8580Grande Voie des VignesCh^atenay MalabryCedex92295France

Heterovalent doped(K_(0.48-0.07)xNa_(0.52-0.43)xBi_(0.5)x)(Nb_(0.95-0.95x)Sb_(0.05-0.05x)Zrx)O_(3)ceramics were fabricated using conventional solid-state ***,the phase structures,dielectric,ferroelectric,and electricstrain properties were *** compositions were tuned to be located at polymorphic phase boundary with increasing heterovalent Bi3t and Zr4t doping levels.A large strain of 0.19%was obtained at relatively low electric fields of 30 kV/cm in the composition of x=*** normalized large-signal d33*values were approximately 633 pm/V under a low driving electric field of 30 kV/cm,which were comparable or larger than the values reported for other lead-free *** large strains obtained can be attributed to the formation of nanodomains and high-density domain walls,which were confirmed by the observations of domain morphology using transmission electron microscopy(TEM)*** temperature stability of the strain properties of the x=0.04 sample could be ascribed to the sluggish behaviour for the local structural heterogeneity in heterovalent-ion doped KNN *** simulations revealed that the Zr^(4t)produce the local stress at the BO6 octahedra and Bi3t could yield off-centering of AO12 ployhedron due to the nature of Bi 6s lone pair electrons,which induced lattice expansion and local distortions in the *** local displacements are strongly anisotropic in heterovalent-ion doped *** is believed that random local fields exist in these compositions owing to the eixstence of charge *** heterovalent doping of Bi^(3t)and Zr^(4t)could destory simultaneously the orthorhombic symmetry and the short-range ferroelecctric order,leading to the formation of complex nanodomains and local structral *** doping may,therefore,offer a new avenve to design novel K0.5Na0.5NbO3(KNN)-based materials for their mutifunctional applications.

关键词： Lead-free Strain Heterovalent doping Local structure Nanodomain

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High-density stacked microcoils integrated microminiaturized electromagnetic vibration energy harvester for self-powered acceleration sensing

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2023年第12期66卷 3369-3380页

作者： HOU XiaoJuan ZHANG RuoYang BI XiaoXue ZHAO HuiPeng ZHANG Jie ZHU Jie geng wenping HE Jian CHOU XiuJian Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory North University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering North University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051China School of Computer Science and Engineering North China Institute of Aerospace EngineeringLangfang 065000China

With the rapid development of microelectronics and flexible electronics technology,self-powered sensors have significant application prospects in human-machine interface systems and Internet of ***,piezoelectric-and triboelectricbased sensors have low current output and are easily affected,while electromagnetic-based sensors are difficult to *** work proposes a high-density stacked microcoil integrated microminiaturized electromagnetic vibration energy harvester(EVEH).The double-layer high-density microcoil is fabricated on both sides of the flexible polyimide substrate interconnected via the central *** to reduced single coil line width,line spacing,and stacked structure,the number of turns can be substantially ***,the relative position of the coils and magnet has a considerable influence on the performances;due to the huge change rate in magnetic flux when the coil is placed in the radial direction of the magnet than in the axial direction,the open-circuit voltage in the radial direction is 10 times *** microcoil can maintain good performance at high,low temperatures and under bending *** the distance between the ends of the coil changes from 2 to 20 mm in 2 mm steps,the bending angle of the coil changes from 45°to 270°in 45°steps;furthermore,when the coil is exposed to-40and 60℃conditions,the coil resistance is maintained at approximately 447Ω.The peak open-circuit voltage of three-piece microcoils reaches 0.41 V at 4 Hz under 2g,and the output voltage and current increase with an increasing number of stacked *** excellent properties indicate that EVEH can be used for self-powered acceleration *** sensitivity is measured to be 0.016 V/(m/s^(2))with a correlation coefficient of 0.979 over the acceleration range of 1–18 m/s^(2).Thus,the developed microminiaturized EVEH has enormous potential for self-powered sensing applications in confined spaces and harsh environments.

关键词： electromagnetic vibration energy harvester axial direction radial direction high-density stacked microcoils acceleration sensor

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Porous fiber paper and 3D patterned electrodes composed high-sensitivity flexible piezoresistive sensor for physiological signal monitoring

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2022年第5期65卷 1169-1178页

作者： HOU XiaoJuan ZHONG JiXin HE Jian YANG ChangJun YU JunBin MEI LinYu MU JiLiang geng wenping CHOU XiuJian Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory North University of ChinaTaiyuan030051China School of Mechanical Engineering North University of ChinaTaiyuan030051China

The research on flexible pressure sensors has drawn widespread attention in recent years,especially in the fields of health care and intelligent *** practical applications,the sensitivity of sensors directly affects the precision and integrity of weak pressure ***,a pressure sensor with high sensitivity and a wide measurement range composed of porous fiber paper and 3D patterned electrodes is ***-walled carbon nanotubes with excellent conductivity were evenly sprayed on the fiber paper to form the natural spatial conducting networks,while the copper-deposited polydimethylsiloxane films with micropyramids array were used as electrodes and flexible *** conducting paths between electrodes and fibers can be obtained when high-density micro-pyramids fall into the porous structures of the fiber paper under external pressure,thereby promoting the pressure sensor to show an ultra-high sensitivity of 17.65 kPa^(-1)in the pressure range of 0–2 kPa,16 times that of the device without patterned ***,the sensor retains a high sensitivity of 2.06 kPa^(-1)in an ultra-wide measurement range of 150 ***,the sensor can detect various physiological signals,including pulse and voice,while attached to the human *** work provides a novel strategy to significantly improve the sensitivity and measurement range of flexible pressure sensors,as well as demonstrates attractive applications in physiological signal monitoring.

关键词： flexible pressure sensor high sensitivity wide measurement range fiber paper 3D patterned electrodes physiological signal monitoring

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Human movement monitoring and behavior recognition for intelligent sports using customizable and flexible triboelectric nanogenerator

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2022年第4期65卷 826-836页

作者： YANG Yun HOU XiaoJuan geng wenping MU JiLiang ZHANG Le WANG XiangDong HE Jian XIONG Ji Jun CHOU XiuJian Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory North University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051China Department of Mining Engineering Luliang UniversityLvliang 033000China Physical Education Institute Jimei UniversityXiamen 361021China

Effective collection,recognition,and analysis of sports information is the key to intelligent sports,which can help athletes to improve their skills and formulate scientific training plans and competition *** present,wearable electronic devices used for movement monitoring still have some limitations,such as high cost and energy consumption,incompatibility of suitable flexibility and personalized spatial structure,dissatisfactory data analysis methods,*** this work,a novel three-dimensionalprinted thermoplastic polyurethane is introduced as the elastic shell and friction layer,and it endows the proposed customizable and flexible triboelectric nanogenerator(CF-TENG)with personalized spatial structure and robust correlation to external *** practical application,it exhibits highly sensitive responses to the joint-bending motion of the finger,wrist,or ***,a pressure-sensing insole and smart ski pole based on CF-TENG are manufactured to build a comprehensive sports monitoring system to transmit the athletes’motion information from feet and hands through the plantar pressure distribution and ski pole *** recognize the movement status,the self-developed automatic peak recognition algorithm(P-Find)and machine learning algorithm(subspace K-Nearest Neighbors)were introduced to accurately distinguish the four typical motion behaviors and three primary sub-techniques of cross-country skiing,with accuracy rates of 98.2%and 100%.This work provides a novel strategy to promote the personalized applications of TENGs in intelligent sports.

关键词： triboelectric nanogenerator flexible movement monitoring behavior recognition intelligent sports

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A static-dynamic energy harvester for a self-powered ocean environment monitoring application

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2022年第4期65卷 893-902页

作者： XUE Feng CHEN Liang LI ChunCheng REN Jing YU JunBin HOU XiaoJuan geng wenping MU JiLiang HE Jian CHOU XiuJian Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory North University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051China

Ocean intelligent buoy is important for ocean environment *** the increase of requisite sensors and transportable data,a long power supply has become a problem to be solved *** this work,a hybrid nanogenerator integrating triboelectric,piezoelectric,electromagnetic,photovoltaic,and thermotropic units is proposed to maximize ocean ambient energy harvesting,which includes static energy(solar and thermal energy)and dynamic energy(wave energy).Compared with a device with a single energy conversion mechanism,this structural design breaks the limit of harvesting time and natural conditions during the energy harvesting process,thereby increasing the harvested *** energy harvesting is realized by the thermoelectric(TG)and photovoltaic(PV)units located inside the device and the PV unit attached to the device *** show that the maximum open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current are 5 V and 41 mA in the external PV and 1.33 V and 49 mA in the internal PV under 30000 Lux illumination,*** open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of the TG unit are 5 V and 15 m A,*** core component of the dynamic generation unit is the gimbal used to harvest wave energy by the triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG),piezoelectric generator(PENG),and electromagnetic *** the frequency is 2.4 Hz,the maximum peak-to-peak power of the TENG,PENG,and EMG are 0.25,1.58,and 13.8 mW,***,an intelligent ocean buoy is fabricated by the integration of an energy harvester,a power management circuit,sensors,a microcontroller,and a wireless communication *** by static and dynamic energy,temperature signal,humidity signal,GPS signal,and sound signal are sent to the receiving terminal *** ocean energy harvester proposed in this work is of great significance for ocean energy harvesting and ocean wireless monitoring systems.

关键词： hybrid nanogenerator static energy dynamic energy energy harvester wireless monitoring system

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Wide measurement range and high sensitivity spongy MWCNT/polydimethylsiloxane pressure sensor based on a single-electrode enhanced triboelectric nanogenerator

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2023年第6期66卷 1734-1745页

作者： XIE Xin HOU XiaoJuan QIAN Shuo HOU JianWei ZHANG Jie BI XiaoXue geng wenping MU JiLiang HE Jian CHOU XiuJian Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory North University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051China School of Software North University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051China

Flexible pressure sensors have broad application prospects,such as human motion monitoring and personalized ***,their applicability is limited by complex structures,low output performance,low sensitivity,and narrow measurement *** this study,we report a single-electrode spongy triboelectric sensor(SSTS)mainly composed of spongy composite multi-walled carbon nanotubes/polydimethylsiloxane(MWCNT/PDMS)film and conductive fabric,which can simultaneously generate contact electrification and electrostatic induction coupling in a single-electrode contact-separation *** SSTS combines the triboelectric effect,properties of doping material,and spongy porous structure(soft sugar as a sacrificial template).An SSTS with an MWCNT content of 10 wt%and a porosity of 64%exhibits high sensitivity,a wide measurement range,and excellent *** also displays two sensitivity regions(slopes):1.324 V/kPa from 1.5 to 28 kPa in the low-pressure range and 0.096 V/kPa from 28 to 316.5 kPa in the high-pressure range,with linearities of 0.980 and 0.979,***,the SSTS delivers a high-performance output and high stability,thus enhancing the monitoring of hand pressure changes,human movement,personalized spatial recognition,and other detection *** new strategy for human motion monitoring shows great potential in the healthcare fields,sports rehabilitation,and human-computer interactions.

关键词： triboelectric nanogenerator spongy pressure sensor single-electrode high sensitivity wide measurement range

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Synergistic piezoelectricity enhanced BaTiO_(3)/polyacrylonitrile elastomer-based highly sensitive pressure sensor for intelligent sensing and posture recognition applications

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Nano Research 2023年第4期16卷 5490-5502页

作者： Junbin Yu Shuai Xian Zhenpeng Zhang Xiaojuan Hou Jian He Jiliang Mu wenping geng Xiaojun Qiao Le Zhang Xiujian Chou Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory North University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051China

Designing stretchable and skin-conformal self-powered sensors for intelligent sensing and posture recognition is ***,based on a multi-force mixing and vulcanization process,as well as synergistically piezoelectricity of BaTiO_(3)and polyacrylonitrile,an all-in-one,stretchable,and self-powered elastomer-based piezo-pressure sensor(ASPS)with high sensitivity is *** ASPS presents excellent sensitivity(0.93 V/104 Pa of voltage and 4.92 nA/104 Pa of current at a pressure of 10-200 kPa)and high durability(over 10,000 cycles).Moreover,the ASPS exhibits a wide measurement range,good linearity,rapid response time,and stable frequency *** components were fabricated using silicone,affording satisfactory skinconformality for sensing *** cooperation with a homemade circuit and artificial intelligence algorithm,an information processing strategy was proposed to realize intelligent sensing and *** home-made circuit achieves the acquisition and wireless transmission of ASPS signals(transmission distance up to 50 m),and the algorithm realizes the classification and identification of ASPS signals(accuracy up to 99.5%).This study proposes not only a novel fabrication method for developing self-powered sensors,but also a new information processing strategy for intelligent sensing and recognition,which offers significant application potential in human-machine interaction,physiological analysis,and medical research.

关键词： flexible pressure sensor synergistic piezoelectricity all-in-one structure high sensitivity intelligent sensing and recognition

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Flexible multilayer MEMS coils and their application in energy harvesters

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 1282-1293页

作者： ZHANG Jie HOU XiaoJuan QIAN Shuo BI XiaoXue HU DongXu LIU JianJun geng wenping MU JiLiang HE Jian CHOU XiuJian Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory North University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051China School of Software North University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051China

Electromagnetic vibration energy harvesters are promising for the power supply of wireless sensor nodes,small electronic devices,and wearable *** electromagnetic harvesters usually increase output by increasing the size of coils and magnets,limiting the improvement of energy conversion efficiency and power *** this study,multilayer microelectromechanical system(MEMS)coils were prepared using flexible electronics,and their high integration performance in arbitrary space was utilized to greatly improve the utilization of the space magnetic field by the electromagnetic *** core magnet of the generator was magnetically balanced to achieve levitation,which improved the sensitivity and reduced fatigue damage compared with traditional spring *** wound coils on the top and bottom of the magnet and the flexible coils on the sides worked together to improve the energy efficiency and output of the *** output performance of the device with different number distributions was simulated using mathematical models to obtain the optimal structural *** results show that by introducing flexible multilayer MEMS coils on the side surface of the energy harvester,the open-circuit voltage of the energy generators increased from 7 to 10 V by more than 43%.Flexible multilayer MEMS coils can enhance energy conversion rates and possess compact dimensions,making them suitable for integration onto complex *** the vibration energy harvesting system testing,the maximum peak power of the harvester was 7.1 m W at an acceleration of1 g and a resonant frequency of 11 Hz with a resistor of 3.5 kΩinternal ***,a 470μF capacitor can be charged to 3.5 V within 10 s to drive a hygrothermograph to work for more than 80 s and can supply a light bulb *** strategy shows the great potential of vibration-energy-driven electromagnetic generators for powering small electronics in limited spaces.

关键词： electromagnetic harvester mechanical energy harvesting multilayer MEMS coils magnetic levitation overall space magnetic field flexible planar coils

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Research on thermal cyclization polyacrylonitrile enhanced piezoelectric performances of a flexible electronic skin sensor

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Science China Technological Sciences 2024年第12期67卷 3855-3866页

作者： JIA XuYing MU JiLiang WU Qiong YANG DongKuan LUO ZhongKe LIN JunFei geng wenping HOU XiaoJuan HE Jian CHOU XiuJian Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory North University of China Institute of Advanced Energy Materials and System North University of China

Electronic skin(e-skin) is a research focus in the fields of robotics design, artificial prosthetics, and wearable electronics. When used for long-term unattended monitoring, several key problems, such as energy supply, sensing performance, and structural design, have attracted increasing attention. This study reports a self-powered flexible e-skin sensor(FES) based on the thermal cyclization of polyacrylonitrile, which enhances the piezoelectric effect. It mainly consists of nanoscale polyacrylonitrile(PAN),Ecoflex, and flexible PCB electrodes. PAN is mixed as a piezoelectric functional material in the Ecoflex substrate, forming a flexible sensing module. To enhance charge accumulation, PAN is initially electrospun into nanofibers and subsequently modified through a thermal treatment process. This procedure results in the formation of a conjugated trapezoid structure within PAN and significantly increases its molecular dipole moment. Due to the contribution of numerous nanocapacitors, the piezoelectric properties of the sensing module are significantly improved. To ensure durability, flexible PCBs were designed as the top and bottom electrodes of the sensing module via industrial board lamination and forming processes, also serving as packaging. Additionally, a human-computer interaction(HMI) system for e-skin measurement was developed, enabling realtime signal processing between the e-skin and the computer. On the basis of the good combination of piezoelectric nanoparticles,an Ecoflex substrate, and flexible PCBs, FES can reach 0.67 V/kPa and 0.99 voltage sensitivity and voltage linearity, respectively, under self-powered conditions under external pressure, and the detection range can reach 40–650 kPa. On the basis of the good performance of FES devices, such as their self-powered ability, long-term serviceability, high sensitivity, wide monitoring range, and various optimized designs for later circuits, the e-skin designed in this paper has important applications

关键词： e-skin PAN wearable sensors electrospinning piezoelectric HMI

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Stretchable and skin-conformal piezo-triboelectric pressure sensor for human joint bending motion monitoring

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Journal of Materiomics 2022年第2期8卷 247-256页

作者： Junbin Yu Liang Chen Xiaojuan Hou Jiliang Mu Jian He wenping geng Xiaojun Qiao Xiujian Chou Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory North University of ChinaTaiyuan030051China

Stretchable,skin-conformal,and self-powered wearable pressure sensors have garnered significant attention for use in human joint bending motion ***,a piezo-triboelectric pressure sensor(P-TPS)based on triboelectric nanogenerator and piezoelectric nanogenerator is *** P-TPS can generate an enhanced electrical output by coupling the dual-mode triboelectrification and piezoelectric *** P-TPS shows high sensitivity(voltage=0.3 V/kPa;current=4.3 nA/kPa;pres-sure range=0-200 kPa),high linearity,and good ***,it demonstrates a wide mea-surement range(0-800 kPa),table frequency response,and fast response ***,all components of the P-TPS are fabricated using flexible and stretchable materials,affording satisfactory stretchability and excellent skin *** to their ability to self-power,they can be attached to the outside of joints to monitor human joint bending movements in real ***,this study provides a novel method of using a stretchable and skin-conformal piezo-triboelectric nanogenerator with high electrical performance as a self-powered pressure sensor,which offers significant potential in personalized recognition,medical research,and human machine interface.

关键词： Ultra-stretchable Skin-conformal Self-powered Piezoelectric-enhanced triboelectric nanogenerator Wearable pressure sensor

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