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Tunable quantum anomalous Hall effects in ferromagnetic van der Waals heterostructures

National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 100-107页

作者： Feng Xue Yusheng Hou Zhe Wang Zhiming Xu Ke He Ruqian Wu Yong Xu wenhui duan Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics Department of Physics Tsinghua University Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices Center for Neutron Science and Technology School of Physics Sun Yat-sen University State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences and Department of PhysicsFudan University Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California-Irvine Tencent Quantum Laboratory Tencent Technology(Shenzhen)Co.Ltd RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science(CEMS) Institute for Advanced Study Tsinghua University

The quantum anomalous Hall effect（QAHE） has unique advantages in topotronic applications, but it is still challenging to realize the QAHE with tunable magnetic and topological properties for building functional devices. Through systematic first-principles calculations, we predict that the in-plane magnetization induced QAHE with Chern numbers C = ±1 and the out-of-plane magnetization induced QAHE with high Chern numbers C = ±3 can be realized in a single material candidate, which is composed of van der Waals（vdW）coupled Bi and MnBi2Te4monolayers. The switching between different phases of QAHE can be controlled in multiple ways, such as applying strain or（weak） magnetic field or twisting the vdW materials. The prediction of an experimentally available material system hosting robust, highly tunable QAHE will stimulate great research interest in the field. Our work opens a new avenue for the realization of tunable QAHE and provides a practical material platform for the development of topological electronics.

关键词： quantum anomalous Hall effect topological quantum phase transition van der Waals heterostructures tunable Chern number high Chern number

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Influences of chemical reactions on polysulfide reduction reaction process on promotor surface in Li-S batteries

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2712-2718页

作者： Yufeng Luo Zhenhan Fang Zixin Hong Shaorong duan Haitao Liu Hengcai Wu Qunqing Li Yuegang Zhang Shoushan Fan wenhui duan Jiaping Wang Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Laboratory of Computational Physics Institute of Applied Physics and Computational MathematicsBeijing 100088China Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Polar promotors have been proven effective in catalyzing the polysulfide(PS)reduction reaction(PSRR)process in lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries.However,the promotor surface tends to be poisoned due to the accumulation of insoluble discharging products of lithium disulfide(Li_(2)S_(2))and lithium sulfide(Li_(2)S)during Li-S battery operation.Herein,we investigate the detailed PSRR mechanism on the surface of manganese sulfides(MnS)as a representative promoter by performing in-situ Raman mapping measurements.The catalytic ability of MnS enables thorough electrochemical reduction of PSs to Li_(2)S_(2) and Li_(2)S on the MnS surface.The generated Li_(2)S_(2) and Li_(2)S then adsorb the dissolved PSs via chemical reactions among sulfur species during the subsequent PSRR process.This phenomenon mitigates promotor poisoning and continuously improves the reversible capacity.Consequently,the assembled Li-S cell demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance after introducing a conductive interlayer containing a thin piece of carbon nanotube film and MnS promotors.

关键词： promotors polysulfides chemical reactions catalytic ability in-situ Raman measurements

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Insights into Nano-and Micro-Structured Scaffolds for Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第7期16卷 187-230页

作者： Jiajia Qiu Yu duan Shaoyuan Li Huaping Zhao wenhui Ma Weidong Shi Yong Lei Fachgebiet Angewandte Nanophysik Institut Für Physik and IMN MacroNanoTechnische Universit.t Ilmenau98693 IlmenauGermany Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy EngineeringKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650093People’s Republic of China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013People’s Republic of China School of Science and Technology Pu’er UniversityPu’er 665000People’s Republic of China

Adopting a nano-and micro-structuring approach to fully unleashing the genuine potential of electrode active material benefits in-depth understandings and research progress toward higher energy density electrochemical energy stor-age devices at all technology readiness levels.Due to various challenging issues,especially limited stability,nano-and micro-structured(NMS)electrodes undergo fast electrochemical performance degradation.The emerging NMS scaffold design is a pivotal aspect of many electrodes as it endows them with both robustness and electrochemical performance enhancement,even though it only occupies comple-mentary and facilitating components for the main mechanism.However,extensive efforts are urgently needed toward optimizing the stereoscopic geometrical design of NMS scaffolds to minimize the volume ratio and maximize their functionality to fulfill the ever-increasing dependency and desire for energy power source supplies.This review will aim at highlighting these NMS scaffold design strategies,summariz-ing their corresponding strengths and challenges,and thereby outlining the potential solutions to resolve these challenges,design principles,and key perspectives for future research in this field.Therefore,this review will be one of the earliest reviews from this viewpoint.

关键词： Nano-and micro-structured Interconnected porous Scaffolds Electrode design Electrochemical energy storage

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Erratum to:Influences of chemical reactions on polysulfide reduction reaction process on promotor surface in Li-S batteries

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 4643-4643页

Erratum to Nano Research,2024,17(4):2712-2718 https://***/10.1007/s12274-023-6129-5 The affiliation of the author,wenhui duan,is“2 Department of Physics,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China”,instead of“1 Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;2 Department of Physics,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China”.And the affiliation of the author,wenhui duan,in the online version and the ESM file of this paper has been corrected.

关键词： sulfide corrected tor

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Enhancement of Ising superconductivity in monolayer NbSe2 via surface fluorination

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Science China Technological Sciences 2024年第7期67卷 2099-2106页

作者： WU JiZheng SHI WuJun WANG Chong duan wenhui XU Yong SI Chen School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang University Center for Transformative Science ShanghaiTech University Shanghai High Repetition Rate XFEL and Extreme Light Facility (SHINE) ShanghaiTech University State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics Tsinghua University Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information

Recently discovered Ising superconductors have garnered considerable interest due to their anomalously large in-plane upper critical fields(Bc2). However, the requisite strong spin-orbital coupling in the Ising pairing mechanism generally renders these superconductors heavy-element dominant with notably low superconducting transition temperatures(Tc). Here, based on the Migdal-Eliashberg theory and the mean-field Bogoliubov-de Gennes Hamiltonian, we demonstrate a significant enhancement of Ising superconductivity in monolayer NbSe2through surface fluorination, as evidenced by concomitant improvements in Tcand Bc2. This enhancement arises from three predominant factors. Firstly, fluorine atoms symmetrically and stably adhere to both sides of the monolayer NbSe2, thereby maintaining the out-of-plane mirror symmetry and locking carrier spins out-of-plane.Secondly, fluorination suppresses the charge density wave in monolayer NbSe2and induces a van Hove singularity in the vicinity of the Fermi level, leading to a marked increase in the number of carriers and, consequently, strengthening the electron-phonon coupling(EPC). Lastly, the appearance of fluorine-related, low-frequency phonon modes further augments the EPC. Our findings suggest a promising avenue to elevate Tcin two-dimensional Ising superconductors without compromising their Ising pairing.

关键词： Ising superconductivity surface functionalization upper critical field NbSe 2 first-principles calculations

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Enhancing Green Ammonia Electrosynthesis Through Tuning Sn Vacancies in Sn‑Based MXene/ MAX Hybrids

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第5期16卷 154-168页

作者： Xinyu Dai Zhen‑Yi Du Ying Sun Ping Chen Xiaoguang duan Junjun Zhang Hui Li Yang Fu Baohua Jia Lei Zhang wenhui Fang Jieshan Qiu Tianyi Ma Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials of Liaoning Province College of ChemistryInstitute of Clean Energy ChemistryLiaoning UniversityShenyang 110036People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024People’s Republic of China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui UniversityHefei 230601People’s Republic of China School of Chemical Engineering The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia State Key Laboratory of High‑Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNingxia UniversityYinchuan 750021NingxiaPeople’s Republic of China School of Science RMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC 3000Australia Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640People’s Republic of China College of Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029People’s Republic of China

Renewable energy driven N_(2) electroreduction with air as nitrogen source holds great promise for realizing scalable green ammonia production.However,relevant out-lab research is still in its infancy.Herein,a novel Sn-based MXene/MAX hybrid with abundant Sn vacancies,Sn@Ti_(2)CTX/Ti_(2)SnC–V,was synthesized by controlled etching Sn@Ti_(2)SnC MAX phase and demonstrated as an efficient electrocatalyst for electrocatalytic N2 reduction.Due to the synergistic effect of MXene/MAX heterostructure,the existence of Sn vacancies and the highly dispersed Sn active sites,the obtained Sn@Ti2CTX/Ti_(2)SnC–V exhibits an optimal NH_(3) yield of 28.4μg h^(−1) mg_(cat)^(−1) with an excellent FE of 15.57% at−0.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.1 M Na_(2)SO_(4),as well as an ultra-long durability.Noticeably,this catalyst represents a satisfactory NH3 yield rate of 10.53μg h^(−1) mg^(−1) in the home-made simulation device,where commercial electrochemical photovoltaic cell was employed as power source,air and ultrapure water as feed stock.The as-proposed strategy represents great potential toward ammonia production in terms of financial cost according to the systematic technical economic analysis.This work is of significance for large-scale green ammonia production.

关键词： Green ammonia synthesis N2 electroreduction Renewable energy Sn MXene/MAX hybrid

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The best thermoelectrics revisited in the quantum limit

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 372-377页

作者： Sifan Ding Xiaobin Chen Yong Xu wenhui duan State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics Department of PhysicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Science Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information Beijing 100084China RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science(CEMS) WakoSaitama 351-0198Japan Institute for Advanced Study Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The classical problem of best thermoelectrics,which was believed originally solved by Mahan and Sofo[Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 93,7436(1996)],is revisited and discussed in the quantum limit.We express the thermoelectric figure of merit(zT)as a functional of electronic transmission probability T by the Landauer–Büttiker formalism,which is able to deal with thermoelectric transport ranging from ballistic to diffusive regimes.We also propose to apply the calculus of variations to search for the optimal T giving the maximal zT.Our study reveals that the optimal transmission probability T is a boxcar function instead of a delta function proposed by Mahan and Sofo,leading to zT exceeding the well-known Mahan–Sofo limit.Furthermore,we suggest realizing the optimal T in topological material systems.Our work defines the theoretical upper limit for quantum thermoelectrics,which is of fundamental significance to the future development of thermoelectrics.

关键词： quantum limit optimal

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CircPMS1 promotes proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells,pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells,and pericytes under hypoxia

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2024年第3期7卷 310-323页

作者： Xiaoyi Hu Shang Wang Hui Zhao Yaqin Wei Ruowang duan Rong Jiang wenhui Wu Qinhua Zhao Sugang Gong Lan Wang Jinming Liu Ping Yuan Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation Shanghai Pulmonary HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina Institute of Bismuth Science University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghaiChina Department of Geriatrics Shanghai Institute of GeriatricsHuadong HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Anesthesiology Shanghai Pulmonary HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina

Background:Circular RNAs(circRNAs)have been recognized as significant regulators of pulmonary hypertension(PH);however,the differential expression and function of circRNAs in different vascular cells under hypoxia remain unknown.Here,we identified co-differentially expressed circRNAs and determined their putative roles in the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells(PASMCs),pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells(PMECs),and pericytes(PCs)under hypoxia.Methods:Whole transcriptome sequencing was performed to analyze the differential expression of circRNAs in three different vascular cell types.Bioinformatic analysis was used to predict their putative biological function.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,Cell Counting Kit-8,and EdU Cell Proliferation assays were carried out to determine the role of circular postmeiotic segregation 1(circPMS1)as well as its potential sponge mechanism in PASMCs,PMECs,and PCs.Results:PASMCs,PMECs,and PCs exhibited 16,99,and 31 differentially expressed circRNAs under hypoxia,respectively.CircPMS1 was upregulated in PASMCs,PMECs,and PCs under hypoxia and enhanced the proliferation of vascular cells.CircPMS1may upregulate DEP domain containing 1(DEPDC1)and RNA polymerase II subunit D expression by targeting microRNA-432-5p(miR-432-5p)in PASMCs,upregulate MAX interactor 1(MXI1)expression by targeting miR-433-3p in PMECs,and upregulate zinc finger AN1-type containing 5(ZFAND5)expression by targeting miR-3613-5p in PCs.Conclusions:Our results suggest that circPMS1 promotes cell proliferation through the miR-432-5p/DEPDC1 or miR-432-5p/POL2D axis in PASMCs,through the miR-433-3p/MXI1 axis in PMECs,and through the miR-3613-5p/ZFAND5 axis in PCs,which provides putative targets for the early diagnosis and treatment of PH.

关键词： circular postmeiotic segregation 1 circular RNAs hypoxia pulmonary hypertension vascular cells

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Enhancement of Ising superconductivity in monolayer NbSevia surface fluorination

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Science China Technological Sciences 2024年

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Realizing quinary charge states of solitary defects in two-dimensional intermetallic semiconductor

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National Science Review 2022年第2期9卷 63-69页

作者： Jian Gou Bingyu Xia Xuguang Wang Peng Cheng Andrew Thye Shen Wee wenhui duan Yong Xu Kehui Wu Lan Chen Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Physics National University of Singapore State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics Department of Physics Tsinghua University Institute for Advanced Study Tsinghua University Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory

Creating and manipulating multiple charge states of solitary defects in semiconductors is of essential importance for solitary defect electronics,but is fundamentally limited by Coulomb’s law.Achieving this objective is challenging,due to the conflicting requirements of the localization necessary for the sizable band gap and delocalization necessary for a low charging energy.Here,using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy experiments and first-principles calculations,we realized exotic quinary charge states of solitary defects in two-dimensional intermetallic semiconductor Sn2Bi.We also observed an ultralow defect charging energy that increases sublinearly with charge number rather than displaying the usual quadratic behavior.Our work suggests a promising route for constructing multiple defect-charge states by designing intermetallic semiconductors,and opens new opportunities for developing quantum devices with charge-based quantum states.

关键词： 2D materials intermetallic semiconductor tip-induced band bending solitary defect defect charging

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