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Combined effects of habitat and interspec ificinteraction define co-occurrence patterns of sympatric Galliformes

Avian Research 2019年第3期10卷 344-356页

作者： Lijun Chen Zufei Shu Wutao Yao Yong Ma wenhong xiao xiaoqun Huang Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences1 Beichen West Road Chaoyang DistrictBeijing 100101China Guangdong Chebaling National Nature Reserve Shaoguan 512528Guangdong ProvinceChina Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of SciencesNo. 9 Dengzhuang South RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100094China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10049China

Background:Disentangling the relative importance of environmental variables and interspecific interaction in modulating co-occurrence patterns of sympatric species is essential for understanding the mechanisms of community assembly and biodiversity. For the two sympatric Galliformes, Silver Pheasants (Lophura nycthemera) and Whitenecklaced Partridges (Arborophila gingica), we know little about the role of habitat use and interspecific interactions in modulating their coexistence. Methods:We adopted a probabilistic approach incorporating habitat preference and interspecific interaction using occupancy model to account for imperfect detection,and used daily activity pattern analysis to investigate the cooccurrence pattern of these two sympatric Galliformes in wet and dry seasons. Results: We found that the detection probability of Silver Pheasant and White-necklaced Partridge were related to habitat variables and interspecific interaction. The presence of Silver Pheasant increases the detection probability of White-necklaced Partridge in both the wet and dry season. However, the presence of White-necklaced Partridges increases the detection probability of Silver Pheasants in the wet season, but decreases the probability in the dry season. Further, Silver Pheasants were detected frequently in the sites of high values of enhanced vegetable index (EVI) in both the wet and dry season, and in sites away from human residential settlement in the wet season. Whitenecklaced partridges were mainly detected in low EVI sites. The site use probabilities of two Galliformes were best explained by habitat variables, Silver Pheasants and White-necklaced Partridges preferred steeper areas during the wet and dry season. Both species mainly occurred in low EVI areas during the wet season and occupied sites away from the resident settlement during the dry season. Moreover, the site use probabilities of two species had opposite relationships with forest canopy coverage. Silver Pheasants preferred areas with high forest canopy coverage w

关键词： Arborophila gingica Co-occurrence Habitat preference Interspecific interaction Lophura nycthemera Occupancy model

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赤水桫椤自然保护区小灵猫及其潜在啮齿类猎物活动节律的季节适应格局

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兽类学报 2024年第3期44卷 309-320页

作者：白小节肖文宏张廷跃刘邦友肖治术刘伟贵州赤水桫椤国家级自然保护区管理局赤水564700 中国科学院动物研究所农业虫鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室北京100101 中国科学院大学北京100049

动物的日活动节律具有内源性且受外界生态因素(光周期、气候和食物等)影响,是动物生态适应性特征之一。阐明活动节律与气候和捕食者−猎物的关系,对于理解动物的生存策略、指导保护等至关重要。目前通过红外相机技术探究野生动物日活动... 详细信息

动物的日活动节律具有内源性且受外界生态因素(光周期、气候和食物等)影响,是动物生态适应性特征之一。阐明活动节律与气候和捕食者−猎物的关系,对于理解动物的生存策略、指导保护等至关重要。目前通过红外相机技术探究野生动物日活动节律日益受到学者们的关注。灵猫科动物是热带和亚热带生境中的重要次级消费者之一,但其野外相关研究甚少。本研究基于2016年12月至2022年7月在贵州赤水桫椤国家级自然保护区及其周边区域设置的60个红外相机位点监测影像资料,筛选小灵猫(Viverricula indica)及其相应监测位点的潜在啮齿类猎物数据。通过核密度函数比较分析了保护区内、外的小灵猫及其潜在啮齿类猎物在雨季、旱季的日活动节律特征。结果显示,小灵猫有明显的晨昏两个活动高峰,时间分别是03:00—06:00和19:00—24:00。季节比对发现,小灵猫雨季凌晨活动高峰(03:00—05:00)早于旱季(04:00—06:00),活动强度较旱季高且集中;黄昏后的活动较旱季有所延长。进一步分析其活动与潜在的啮齿类猎物的重叠度,结果发现小灵猫与赤腹松鼠(Callosciurus erythraeus)的重叠度整体较低(雨季,Δ=0.18;旱季,Δ=0.16);与夜行性鼠类的活动节律重叠度高达90%以上,其中旱季的重叠系数(Δ=0.93)高于雨季(Δ=0.90)。此外,在保护区内的小灵猫凌晨活动高峰结束较保护区外延迟约1 h;黄昏后高峰阶段的活动强度(核密度)峰值明显高于保护区外。少许日间活动也主要出现在保护区内。上述结果表明,小灵猫的昼夜节律既有保守性,也具有一定的季节可塑性。这些特征型表现与季节性猎物分布和环境变化关联,并受人类活动的影响。本研究结果对充分认识小灵猫生活史特征以及实现物种有效保护提供数据支持。

关键词：小灵猫日活动节律红外相机技术捕食者−猎物关系季节性人类活动

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Estimating abundance and density of Amur tigers along the Sino- Russian border

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Integrative Zoology 2016年第4期11卷 322-332页

作者： wenhong xiao Limin FENG Pu MOU Dale GMIQUELLE Mark HEBBLEWHITE Joshua FGOLDBERG Hugh SROBINSON xiaodan ZHAO Bo ZHOU Tianming WANG Jianping GE State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Engineeringand College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina Wildlife Biology Program Department of Ecosystem and Conservation SciencesCollege of Forestry and ConservationUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontanaUSA Wildlife Conservation Society BronxNew YorkUSA Department of Ecology Far Eastern Federal UniversityAyaksRusski IslandVladivostokRussia Evolution Ecology and Organismal Biology ProgramDepartment of BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA Panthera New YorkNYUSA

As an apex predator the Amur tiger(Panthera tigris altaica)could play a pivotal role in maintaining the integrity of forest ecosystems in Northeast Asia.Due to habitat loss and harvest over the past century,tigers rapidly declined in China and are now restricted to the Russian Far East and bordering habitat in nearby China.To facilitate restoration of the tiger in its historical range,reliable estimates of population size are essential to assess effectiveness of conservation interventions.Here we used camera trap data collected in Hunchun National Nature Reserve from April to June 2013 and 2014 to estimate tiger density and abundance using both maximum likelihood and Bayesian spatially explicit capture-recapture(SECR)methods.A minimum of 8 individuals were detected in both sample periods and the documentation of marking behavior and reproduction suggests the presence of a resident population.Using Bayesian SECR modeling within the 11400 km2 state space,density estimates were 0.33 and 0.40 individuals/100 km^(2) in 2013 and 2014,respectively,corresponding to an estimated abundance of 38 and 45 animals for this transboundary Sino-Russian population.In a maximum likelihood framework,we estimated densities of 0.30 and 0.24 individuals/100 km^(2) corresponding to abundances of 34 and 27,in 2013 and 2014,respectively.These density estimates are comparable to other published estimates for resident Amur tiger populations in the Russian Far East.This study reveals promising signs of tiger recovery in Northeast China,and demonstrates the importance of connectivity between the Russian and Chinese populations for recovering tigers in Northeast China.

关键词： Amur tiger camera traps density individual identification spatial capture-recapture

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Integrating host biological and ecological variables to predict probability of haemosporidian infection in raptors

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 255-264页

作者： Kai Gao Xuemei Yang Xi Huang wenhong Deng Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China

Variations in host traits that influence their exposure and susceptibility may impact probability of vector-transmitted diseases.Therefore,identifying the predictors of infection probability is necessary to understand the risk of disease outbreaks during expanding environmental perturbation.Here,we conducted a large survey based on microscopic examination and molecular analysis of haemosporidian parasite infection in raptors rescued at the Beijing Raptor Rescue Centre.Combining these data with biological and ecological variables of the raptors,we determined predictors that affect the probability of haemosporidian infection using generalized linear mixed models and multimodel inference.Our results showed that infection probability exhibited considerable variation across host species in raptors,and body mass,sex,and evolutionary history played relatively weaker roles in driving infection probability.Instead,activity pattern,age,geographic range size,migration distance,and nest type were important predictors of the probability of haemosporidian infection,and the role of each predictor differed in the three main haemosporidian genera(Plasmodium,Haemoproteus,and Leucocytozoon).This macro-ecological analysis will add to our understanding of host traits that influence the probability of avian haemosporidian infection and will help inform risk of emerging diseases.

关键词： Activity pattern Emerging infectious diseases Infection probability Interspecific variation Migratory exposure

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Targeting the organelle for radiosensitization in cancer radiotherapy

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2024年第2期19卷 52-71页

作者： xiaoyan Sun Linjie Wu Lina Du wenhong Xu Min Han Institute of Pharmaceutics College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Beijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing 100850China Department of Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and InterventionThe Second Afliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University Jinhua 321299China National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Radiotherapy is a well-established cytotoxic therapy for local solid cancers, utilizing high-energy ionizing radiation to destroy cancer cells. However, this method has several limitations, including low radiation energy deposition, severe damage to surrounding normal cells, and high tumor resistance to radiation. Among various radiotherapy methods, boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has emerged as a principal approach to improve the therapeutic ratio of malignancies and reduce lethality to surrounding normal tissue, but it remains deficient in terms of insufficient boron accumulation as well as short retention time, which limits the curative effect. Recently, a series of radiosensitizers that can selectively accumulate in specific organelles of cancer cells have been developed to precisely target radiotherapy, thereby reducing side effects of normal tissue damage, overcoming radioresistance, and improving radiosensitivity. In this review, we mainly focus on the field of nanomedicine-based cancer radiotherapy and discuss the organelle-targeted radiosensitizers, specifically including nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes. Furthermore, the organelle-targeted boron carriers used in BNCT are particularly presented. Through demonstrating recent developments in organelle-targeted radiosensitization, we hope to provide insight into the design of organelle-targeted radiosensitizers for clinical cancer treatment.

关键词： Cancer radiotherapy Organelle-target Radiosensitization Boron neutron capture therapy Nanomedicines

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Climate change filtered out resource-acquisitive plants in a temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia,China

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 403-413页

作者： Heying Jing Xingshuo Xiong Feng Jiang Xucai Pu wenhong Ma Daijiang Li Zhongling Liu Zhiheng Wang Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau School of Ecology and EnvironmentInner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010021China Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA

Global climate change has led to the decline of species and functional diversity in ecosystems,changing community composition and ecosystem functions.However,we still know little about how species with different resource-use strategies(different types of resource usage and plant growth of plants as indicated by the spectrum of plant economic traits,including acquisitive resource-use strategy and conservative resource-use strategy)would change in response to climate change,and how the changes in the diversity of species with different resource-use strategies may influence community-level productivity.Here,using long-term(1982–2017)observatory data in a temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia,we investigated how climate change had affected the species richness(SR)and functional richness(FRic)for the whole community and for species with different resource-use strategies.Specifically,based on data for four traits representing leaf economics spectrum(leaf carbon concentration,leaf nitrogen concentration,leaf phosphorus concentration,and specific leaf area),we divided 81 plant species appearing in the grassland community into three plant functional types representing resource-acquisitive,medium,and resource-conservative species.We then analyzed the changes in community-level productivity in response to the decline of SR and FRic at the community level and for different resource-use strategies.We found that community-level SR and FRic decreased with drying climate,which was largely driven by the decline of diversity for resource-acquisitive species.However,community-level productivity remained stable because resource-conservative species dominating this grassland were barely affected by climate change.Our study revealed distinctive responses of species with different resource-use strategies to climate change and provided a new approach based on species functional traits for predicting the magnitude and direction of climate change effects on ecosystem functions.

关键词： biodiversity ecological strategy functional diversity functional trait long-term change species diversity

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FSS: algorithm and neural network accelerator for style transfer

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 253-266页

作者： Yi LING Yujie HUANG Yujie CAI Zhaojie LI Mingyu WANG wenhong LI xiaoyang ZENG State Key Laboratory of ASIC & System Fudan University Shanghai Explore X Technology Co. Ltd.

Neural networks(NNs), owing to their impressive performance, have gradually begun to dominate multimedia processing. For resource-constrained and energy-sensitive mobile devices, an efficient NN accelerator is necessary. Style transfer is an important multimedia application. However, existing arbitrary style transfer networks are complex and not well supported by current NN accelerators, limiting their application on mobile devices. Moreover, the quality of style transfer needs improvement. Thus, we design the Fast Style system(FSS), where a novel algorithm and an NN accelerator are proposed for style transfer. In FSS, we first propose a novel arbitrary style transfer algorithm, Fast Style. We propose a light network that contributes to high quality and low computational complexity and a prior mechanism to avoid retraining when the style changes. Then, we redesign an NN accelerator for Fast Style by applying two improvements to the basic NVIDIA deep learning accelerator(NVDLA) architecture. First, a flexible dat FSM and wt FSM are redesigned to enable the original data path to perform other operations(including the GRAM operation)by software programming. Moreover, statistics and judgment logic are designed to utilize the continuity of a video stream and remove the data dependency in the instance normalization, which improves the accelerator performance by 18.6%. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed Fast Style can achieve higher quality with a lower computational cost, making it more suitable for mobile devices. The proposed NN accelerator is implemented on the Xilinx VCU118 FPGA under a 180-MHz clock. Experimental results show that the accelerator can stylize 512×512-pixel video with 20 FPS, and the measured performance reaches up to 306.07 GOPS. The ASIC implementation in TSMC 28 nm achieves about 22 FPS in the case of a 720-p video.

关键词： neural network accelerator style transfer neural network deep learning

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Endogenous retrovirus activation: potential for immunology and clinical applications

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 21-23页

作者： Jundan Yu Peishan Qiu Jingwen Ai Bo Liu Guan-Zhu Han Fan Zhu wenhong Zhang Jie Cui Department of Infectious Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases Huashan Hospital Shanghai Medical College Fudan University CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology &Immunology Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Huashen Institute of Microbes and Infections College of Life Sciences Nanjing Normal University State Key Laboratory of Virology and Department of Medical Microbiology School of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan University The Institute of Infection and Health Research Fudan University Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology(MOE/MOH) Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan University Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), the remnants of ancient retrovirus infections, constitute approximately 8% of the human genome and play important roles in human evolution, development,and diseases. Multiple drugs, such as DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and lysine-specific histone demethylase 1inhibitors, reactivate ERVs, induce viral mimicry and trigger innate immune responses to enhance tumor immunogenicity.

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Injection molding of highly filled microcrystalline cellulose/polycaprolactone composites with the aid of reversible Diels-Alder reaction

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第3期170卷 246-254页

作者： Ze Pu Wang wenhong Ruan MinZhi Rong MingQiu Zhang Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of MOE GD HPPC LabIGCMESchool of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China

To tackle the challenge of producing highly filled polymer composites using the traditional injection molding technique,which is characterized by the fairly high melt viscosity that makes mold filling difficult,the authors propose a solution based on dynamic covalent chemistry.As demonstrated by the proof-of-concept experiments,the 4-arm starshaped polycaprolactone(PCL)oligomers and microcrystalline cel-lulose(MCC)are crosslinked by the reversible Diels-Alder(DA)bonds.The flowability of the compounds greatly decreases due to the dissociation of the intercomponent DA bonds at the retro-reaction tempera-ture,and the networked architecture is reconstructed during cooling as a result of the forward DA reaction.Consequently,the high-loading MCC fillers are well distributed in the matrix and covalently bonded to the nearby PCL,forming a striking contrast to the control in which linear PCL acts as the matrix.The DA bonds crosslinked biodegradable PCL composites exhibit decent mechanical strength(20.7 MPa)even at the MCC fraction of 65 wt%,which is superior to those(5-12.2 MPa)of the highly filled PCL composites(with filler contents of 50-63.8 wt%)reported so far.The proposed approach has sufficient expansibility for the fabrication of the highly filled polymer composites constructed by other types of matrix and fillers.

关键词： Polymer composites Microcrystalline cellulose Polycaprolactone Injection molding Dynamic reversible chemistry

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Advanced manufacturing of dielectric metadevices

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Photonics Insights 2024年第2期3卷 31-70页

作者： wenhong Yang Junxiao Zhou Din Ping Tsai Shumin xiao Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Optoelectronic Materials and Intelligent Photonic SystemsHarbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhenChina Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong KongChina The State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Centre for Biosystems Neuroscienceand NanotechnologyCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina Pengcheng Laboratory ShenzhenChina

Metasurfaces,composed of two-dimensional nanostructures,exhibit remarkable capabilities in shaping wavefronts,encompassing phase,amplitude,and polarization.This unique proficiency heralds a transformative paradigm shift in the domain of next-generation optics and photonics,culminating in the development of flat and ultrathin optical devices.Particularly noteworthy is the all-dielectric-based metasurface,leveraging materials such as titanium dioxide,silicon,gallium arsenide,and silicon nitride,which finds extensive application in the design and implementation of high-performance optical devices,owing to its notable advantages,including a high refractive index,low ohmic loss,and cost-effectiveness.Furthermore,the remarkable growth in nanofabrication technologies allows for the exploration of new methods in metasurface fabrication,especially through wafer-scale nanofabrication technologies,thereby facilitating the realization of commercial applications for metasurfaces.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in state-of-the-art fabrication technologies in dielectric metasurface areas.These technologies,including standard nanolithography[e.g.,electron beam lithography(EBL)and focused ion beam(FIB)lithography],advanced nanolithography(e.g.,grayscale and scanning probe lithography),and large-scale nanolithography[e.g.,nanoimprint and deep ultraviolet(DUV)lithography],are utilized to fabricate highresolution,high-aspect-ratio,flexible,multilayer,slanted,and wafer-scale all-dielectric metasurfaces with intricate nanostructures.Ultimately,we conclude with a perspective on current cutting-edge nanofabrication technologies.

关键词： dielectric meta-devices meta-optics metasurface nanofabrication nanotechnology nanophotonics large/waferscale nanofabrication

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