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Bowen Ratio Energy Balance measurement of Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) Fluxes of No-Till and Conventional Tillage Agriculture in Lesotho

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2014年第3期4卷 87-97页

作者： Deb O’Dell Thomas J. Sauer Bruce B. Hicks Dayton m. Lambert David R. Smith wendy Bruns August Basson makoala V. marake Forbes Walker michael D. Wilcox Jr. Neal Samuel Eash Department of Agricultural & Resource Economics University of Tennessee Knoxville USA Institute of Agriculture University of Tennessee Knoxville USA KEL Growing Nations Trust Mohaleshoek Lesotho metCorps Norris USA United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agriculture Research Service (ARS) Ames USA Purdue University West Lafayette USA

Global food demand requires that soils be used intensively for agriculture, but how these soils are managed greatly impacts soil fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2). Soil management practices can cause carbon to be either sequestered or emitted, with corresponding uncertain influence on atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The situation is further complicated by the lack of CO2 flux measurements for African subsistence farms. For widespread application in remote areas, a simple experimental methodology is desired. As a first step, the present study investigated the use of Bowen Ratio Energy Balance (BREB) instrumentation to measure the energy balance and CO2 fluxes of two contrasting crop management systems, till and no-till, in the lowlands within the mountains of Lesotho. Two BREB micrometeorological systems were established on 100-m by 100-m sites, both planted with maize (Zea mays) but under either conventional (plow, disk-disk) or no-till soil mangement systems. The results demonstrate that with careful maintenance of the instruments by appropriately trained local personnel, the BREB approach offers substantial benefits in measuring real time changes in agroecosystem CO2 flux. The periods where the two treatments could be compared indicated greater CO2 sequestration over the no-till treatments during both the growing and non-growing seasons.

关键词： CO2 Flux CO2 Emissions Soil Soil Carbon Tillage Till No-Till Bowen Ratio micrometeorology Agriculture Climate Change Lesotho Africa

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Role of flaxseed(Linum usitatissimum L.)in disease prevention and treatment

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2023年第7期13卷 277-286页

作者： C manimurugan m.Sujatha A.L.Rathnakumar m Sandhanalakshmi Anand A.Zanwar ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research RajendranagarHyderabad-500030India Central Leprosy Teaching and Research Institute Chengalpattu-603001India Interactive Research School for Health Affairs Bharati Vidyapeeth(Deemed to be University)Pune-411043India

Seeds of flax or linseed(Linum usitatissimum L.)are important nutraceutical foods with antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,estrogenic,laxative,and antibacterial *** oil and seeds are the richest vegetarian source of omega-3 fatty *** of flaxseeds helps in prevention and control of cardiovascular disease,neurodegenerative disorders,obesity,diabetes mellitus,polycystic ovary syndrome,gout,liver and kidney dysfunction,oxidative stress-related diseases,post-menopausal symptoms,osteoporosis,irritable bowel syndrome,dry eye disease,cystic fibrosis,diarrhea,and cancer,particularly of the mammary and prostate gland *** late,flaxseed is gaining more importance not only because of its industrial values but also due to its nutraceutical and pharmaceutical *** literature review was performed using Pubmed,Scopus,Pubmed Central,Google Scholar,and Web of Science from 1995 *** was also obtained from websites/books/book chapters.

关键词： Flaxseed Linum usitatissimum Omega-3 fatty acid Preventive medicine Nutraceutical foods

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High absorption large-mode area step-index fiber for tandem-pumped high-brightnes shigh-power lasers

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Photonics Research 2020年第10期8卷 1599-1604页

作者： KANG-JIE LIm SAmUEL KA-WEN SEAH JOASH YONG'EN YE wendy WEIYING LIm CHU-PERNG SEAH YUNN-BOON TAN SUTING TAN HUITING LIm RAGHURAmAN SIDHARTHAN ARUmUGAm RAJENDRA PRASADH CHEN-JIAN CHAN SEONGWOO YOO SONG-LIANG CHUA DSO National Laboratories 118225 SingsporeSingapore School of Electrical and Eiectrornic Engineering Nanyang Technological University639798 SingaporeSingapore

A short absorption length ytterbium(Yb)-doped large-mode area(LmA)fiber is presented as a step forward to mitigate the stern problem of nonlinear scatterings in a tandem pumping scheme adopted for high-power fiber *** short absorption length was realized by incorporating high Yb concentration in the fiber ***,by replacing the inherent silica cladding with a Ge-doped cladding,we were able to obtain low core numerical aperture(NA)and negate the detrimental effect of index-raising by high Yb *** overcomes the long-standing limitation in step-index Yb-doped fibers(YDFs)where high cladding absorption inevitably results in high NA,thus hampering single-mode *** report an LmA(~575μm^2)YDF with NA of 0.04 and absorption of 27 dB/m at 976 nm both traits promote power scaling of single-mode tandem pumped fiber *** our knowledge,this is the highest cladding absorption attained in a low-NA step-index fiber to *** all-fiber tandem-pumped amplifier was built using only^14 m of the *** amplifier delivered a near-Gaussian beam(m^i.27)at 836 W output power(pump power limited)with a high slope efficiency of^83%.Thanks to the short length and the tandem pumping,no indication of limiting factors such as stimulated Raman scattering,photodarkening,and transverse mode instability was observed.

关键词： fiber pumped power

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Review of laser and light therapy in the treatment of oculofacial pathology

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World Journal of Ophthalmology 2014年第2期4卷 14-20页

作者： Dimitra m Portaliou Sophie D Liao Rebecca A Shields wendy W Lee Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Orbit and Oncology Bascom Palmer Eye Institute University of Miami Miller School of Medicine

Demand for non-invasive techniques to treat oculofacial pathology has allowed for the growth and development of several new laser and light therapy modalities. These modalities include the use of intense pulsed light(IPL) and photodynamic therapy(PDT), light-emitting diode devices, as well as ablative and non-ablative lasers. Therapeutic applications in the periorbital area may involve the treatment of vascular lesions, telangiectasias, dyspigmentation, photodamage, hypertrichosis, rhytids, and scars. Laser and light-based technology offers patients treatment options that range from conservative to aggressive, allowing for choices between subtle results with little downtime or dramatic results with longer downtime. Advantages of laser treatments, as compared to traditional medical and surgical treatments, include a longer lasting effect than some of the conservative therapies and the ability to serve as a happy medium between non-invasive topical medicine and invasive surgical techniques. For patients seekingnon-invasive alternatives, these modalities confer a major advantage over incisional surgery. Understanding appropriate usage, side effects, and outcomes is before treating functional and cosmetic issues. Here we present a review of current treatment modalities, their use, side effects, and outcomes.

关键词： Intense pulsed light Ablative lasers Non-ablative lasers Fractional lasers Photodynamic thera-py Non-invasive techniques

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Liver anatomy by Francis Glisson

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2022年第4期11卷 502-503页

作者： Thomas m.van Gulik Department of Surgery Amsterdam University Medical CentersUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands

Francis Glisson(1598-1677)was born in Bristol and studied to become a doctor at Caius College,Cambridge,where he eventually was appointed as professor of *** wrote the first monograph on the anatomy of the liver in hi... 详细信息

关键词： anatomy College eventually

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mushroom polysaccharides and jiaogulan saponins exert cancer preventive effects by shaping the gut microbiota and the microenvironment in Apcmin/+ mice

Mushroom polysaccharides and jiaogulan saponins exert cancer...

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2019年海峡两岸暨港澳青年科学家毒理学学术交流会

作者： Imran Khan 黄国鑫 Xiao-ang Li Weilin Liao Wai Kit Leong Wenrui Xia Xiqing Bian Jianlin Wu W.L.wendy Hsiao State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese medicine Macau University of Science and Technology 澳门科技大学-中药质量研究国家重点实验室

The incidence of colorectal cancer(CRC) is alarming among younger *** no effective chemopreventive drug available in the market,researchers have been searching for alternative strategies against CRC that are in ***,we tested the cancer-preventive properties of Ganoderma lucidum(Lingzhi) polysaccharides(GLP),along with the saponins extracted from Gynostemma pentaphyllum(GpS),an herbal tea with prebiotic-like ***,we report that saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum(GpS) and polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum(GLP together with GpS) profoundly improved the inflamed gut barrier of Apc mice by reducing polyps,shifting colonic m1 to m2 macrophages,positively reverting E-cadherin/N-cadherin ratio,and downregulating oncogenic signaling *** treatments also markedly promoted short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)-producing bacteria and abridged sulfate-reducing bacteria in a time-dependent manner.G-protein coupled-receptors were significantly stimulated in the treated mice,accompanied by the modulated expressions of histone deacetylases,anti-cancer gut hormone PYY,and PPAPγ.These findings suggest that some of the herbal medicinal foods could modulate the relationship between the host and the Gm to exert their beneficial properties to the *** study also implicates that these dietary mushroom polysaccharides and the Gp saponins have the potential to be developed as new preventive medicines against CRC.

关键词： Gut microbiota Saponins Polysaccharides SCFAs GPCRs Apcmin/+ mice

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Diversity and host assemblage of avian haemosporidians in different terrestrial ecoregions of Peru

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Current Zoology 2022年第1期68卷 27-40页

作者： Luz GARCIA-LONGORIA Jaime mURIEL Sergio mAGALLANES Zaira Hellen VILLA-GALARCE Leonila RICOPA Wilson Giancarlo INGA-DIAZ Esteban FONG Daniel VECCO Cesar GUERRA-SALDANA Teresa SALAS-RENGIFO wendy FLORES-SAAVEDRA Kathya ESPINOZA Carlos mENDOZA Blanca SALDANA manuel GONZALEZ-BLAZQUEZ Henry GONZALES-PINEDO Charlene LUJAN-VEGA Carlos Alberto Del AGUILA Yessica VILCA-HERRERA Carlos Alberto PINEDA Carmen REATEGUI Jorge manuel CARDENAS-CALLIRGOS JoseAlberto IANNACONE Jorge Luis mENDOZA Ravinder NmSEHGAL Alfonso mARZAL Departamento de Anatomia Biologia Celular y ZoologiaUniversidad de ExtremaduraBadajoz E-506071Spain molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab Department of BiologyLund UniversitySolvegatan 37SE-22362 LundSweden Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologıa-IPE(CSIC) Avda.Nuestra Senora de la Victoria 16Jaca 22700Spain DIRESA Direccion Regional de SaludLoreto 16001Peru Departamento Academico de microbiologia y Parasitologia.Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia PeruanaIquitos 16001Peru Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad Alas PeruanasLima 15823Peru EverGreen Institute-San Rafael Distrito de IndianaLoreto 16200Peru Observatorio de Aves Loreto(LBO) Distrito de San JuanLoreto 16008Peru Centro Urku de Estudios Amazonicos Tarapoto 22200Peru Servicio Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado 15036Peru Sanidad Animal-Facultad de Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Agraria La MolinaLima 15012Peru Laboratorio de microbiologia Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y ZootecniaUniversidad CientUfica del SurLima 15067Peru Laboratorio de Analisis Clinico moraleslab SAC MoralesSan Martin 22201Peru Asociacion Ecosistemas Andinos(ECOAN) Cuzco 08002Peru Pharmacology and Toxicology Graduate Group University of CaliforniaDavisDA 95616USA Global Health Initiative Wabash CollegeCrawfordsvilleIN 47933USA Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Facultad de medicina Veterinaria Universidad Nacional Hermilio ValdizanHuanuco10160Peru Asociacion Peruana de Helmintologia e Invertebrados Afines Lima 15054Peru Laboratorio de Ecologia y Biodiversidad Animal Universidad Nacional Federico VillarrealEl AgustinoLima 15007Peru Laboratorio de Invertebrados Universidad Ricardo Palma-Santiago de SurcoLima 15537Peru Department of Biology San Francisco State UniversitySan FranciscoCA 94132USA

Characterizing the diversity and structure of host–parasite communities is crucial to understandingtheir eco-evolutionary *** and related haemosporidian parasites are responsible forfitness loss and mortality in bird species ***,despite exhibiting the greatest ornithologicalbiodiversity,avian haemosporidians from Neotropical regions are quite ***,we analyze the genetic diversity of bird haemosporidian parasites(Plasmodium andHaemoproteus)in 1,336 individuals belonging to 206 bird species to explore for differences in diversityof parasite lineages and bird species across 5 well-differentiated Peruvian *** 70 different haemosporidian lineages infecting 74 bird *** showed that 25 out ofthe 70 haplotypes had not been previously ***,we also identified 81 new host–parasite interactions representing new host records for these haemosporidian *** outcomesrevealed that the effective diversity(as well as the richness,abundance,and Shannon–Weaver index)for both birds and parasite lineages was higher in Amazon basin ***,we also showed that ecoregions with greater diversity of bird species also had highparasite richness,hence suggesting that host community is crucial in explaining parasite *** parasites were found in ecoregions with lower bird diversity,implying that the abundanceand richness of hosts may shape the exploitation strategy followed by haemosporidian *** outcomes reveal that Neotropical region is a major reservoir of unidentified *** studies analyzing host distribution and specificity of these parasites inthe tropics will provide important knowledge about phylogenetic relationships,phylogeography,and patterns of evolution and distribution of haemosporidian parasites.

关键词： Amazonia avian malaria generalist parasite habitat specificity Haemoproteus Plasmodium specialist parasite

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Contrasting Historical and Recent Breakup Styles on the meade River of Arctic Alaska in the Context of a Warming Climate

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American Journal of Climate Change 2013年第2期2卷 165-172页

作者： Richard A. Beck Kenneth m. Hinkel wendy R. Eisner Douglas Whiteman Christopher D. Arp Richard machida Chris Cuomo Hongxing Liu Changjoo Kim Andrew J. Rettig Chantal Ivenso Bo Yang Qiusheng Wu Haibin Su Shujie Wang Karen Frey John D. Lenters Brittany L. Potter Atmospheric Radiation measurement Program Atqasuk USA Department of Geography Clark University Worcester USA Department of Geography University of Cincinnati Cincinnati USA Department of GeogSchool of Natural Resources University of Nebraska at Lincoln Lincoln USA raphy Clark University Worcester USA Department of Philosophy University of Georgia Athens USA Department of Physics and Geosciences Texas A&M University-Kingsville Kingsville USA Information Technology University of Alaska at Fairbanks Fairbanks USA School of Natural Resources University of Nebraska at Lincoln Lincoln USA Water and Environmental Research Center University of Alaska Fairbanks USA

Although data for temporal spring river ice breakup are available for a number of Arctic rivers, there is a paucity of information related to the type of breakup. The Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) of 2005 predicted a transition from mechanical to thermal spring breakup of ice cover on arctic rivers, with this shift being greatest in exclusively Arctic watersheds where observed warming is most pronounced. We describe a rare instance of an entirely Arctic river with limited but well documented historical and recent data regarding the type of breakup. Time-series ground imagery of spring breakup from 1966, 1975, 1978, 2009, 2010 and 2012, incombination with interviews of local inhabitants, documents a shift from predominantly mechanical to predominantly thermal breakup after spring 1978 and by spring 2009 within the context of a locally and regionally warming Arctic. The resultant shift from predominantly mechanical to predominantly thermal breakup is predicted to result in significant changes to water, sediment, nutrient and organic carbon fluxes, as well as riparian ecology and human activities.

关键词： Arctic Alaska Climate Change meade River Thermal Breakup mechanical Breakup Ice Snow

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写在BAm“新浪潮艺术节”35周年

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当代舞蹈艺术研究 2022年第1期7卷 18-32页

作者： [美]温迪·佩蓉刘冰(译) 茱莉亚音乐学院北京舞蹈学院创意学院

2018年,布鲁克林音乐学院(Brooklyn Academy of music,简称BAm)为庆祝“新浪潮艺术节”(Next Wave Festival,以下简称新浪潮)成立35周年,出版了《BAm:下一个新浪潮》(BAm:Next Wave Festival)一书。艺术节帮助布鲁克林重新焕发了活力,... 详细信息

2018年,布鲁克林音乐学院(Brooklyn Academy of music,简称BAm)为庆祝“新浪潮艺术节”(Next Wave Festival,以下简称新浪潮)成立35周年,出版了《BAm:下一个新浪潮》(BAm:Next Wave Festival)一书。艺术节帮助布鲁克林重新焕发了活力,对纽约的艺术发展至关重要。它像一座灯塔,一如既往地保持着国际性和前沿性。温迪·佩蓉(wendy Perron)曾作为舞者随崔莎·布朗(Trisha Brown)登上艺术节的舞台,后作为美国《舞蹈》(Dance magazine)杂志的主编,亲身见证了艺术节和美国舞蹈艺术在过去35年的发展历程。新浪潮艺术节35周年之际,她受邀为该书的舞蹈部分撰文。文章不仅以艺术节为纵向坐标,记录了这个舞台上35年中重要的舞蹈创作者和作品,其梳理和讲述也为场域之外的同行们提供了跨文化舞蹈语境交流和理解的国际视角。

关键词：布鲁克林音乐学院新浪潮艺术节舞蹈发展历程

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Towards the automation of book typesetting

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Visual Informatics 2023年第2期7卷 1-12页

作者： Sérgio m.Rebelo Tiago martins Diogo Ferreira Artur Rebelo University of Coimbra Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of CoimbraDepartment of Informatics EngineeringCoimbraPortugal

This paper proposes a generative approach for the automatic typesetting of books in desktop *** presented system consists in a computer script that operates inside a widely used design software tool and implements a generative process based on several typographic rules,styles and principles which have been identified in the *** performance of the proposed system is tested through an experiment which included the evaluation of its outputs with *** results reveal the ability of the system to consistently create varied book designs from the same input content as well as visually coherent book designs with different contents while complying with fundamental typographic principles.

关键词： Design tools Data-driven design Generative design Graphic design Typography

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