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Explaining patterns of species dominance in the shrub steppe systems of the Junggar Basin(China) and Great Basin(USA)

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Journal of Arid Land 2013年第4期5卷 415-427页

作者： wendy TROWBRIDGE Thomas ALBRIGHT Scot FERGUSON Jun LI Barry PERRYMAN Robert S NOWAK Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Science University of Nevada RenoReno NV 89557USA Department of Geography University of Nevada RenoReno NV 89557USA Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Agriculture Nutrition and Veterinary Sciences1664 N Virginia StreetMail Stop 202University of Nevada RenoReno NV 89557USA

Natural scientists have long recognized that regions with similar climate tend to have similar *** observations suggest that shrub steppe communities of the western US and western China may be two such regions with similar annual precipitation,temperature,land use,and *** cold dry shrub steppes have traditionally been *** these similarities,patterns of species dominance are *** species that are rare in China become dominant when introduced to the United *** objective of this study was to investigate how climate,land use and community structure may explain these patterns of species *** structure and grazing intensity were measured at 5 sites in each *** information was combined with a broader review of the literature describing the history of grazing in both *** was analyzed based on a spatially-gridded,interpolated weather time series （monthly records） and climatological summary （1961-1990 mean conditions） data set from the Climate Research *** found that differences in summer precipitation and winter minimum temperature,land use intensity,and shrub size may all contribute to the dominance of annual species in the Great Basin,particularly Bromus *** particular,previous work indicates that summer precipitation and winter temperature drive the distribution of Bromus tectorum in the Great *** a result,sites with wet summers and cold springs,similar to the Chinese sites,would not be expected to be dominated by Bromus tectorum.A history of more intense grazing of the Chinese sites,as described in the literature,also is likely to decrease fire frequency,and decreases litter and shrub dominance,all of which have been demonstrated to be important in Bromus tectorum establishment and ultimate *** research is necessary to determine if other annuals that follow the same pattern of scarcity in the Junggar Basin and dominance in the Great Basin are res

关键词： climate community ecology convergent evolution Bromus tectorum shrub steppe Junggar Basin Great Basin

Physical activity and the prevention of chronic illness in the BRICS nations:Issues relating to gender equality

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第6期8卷 507-508页

作者： Gregore I.Mielke wendy J.Brown Centre for Research on Exercise Physical Activity and HealthSchool of Human Movement and Nutrition SciencesThe University of Queensland

*** BRICS is an acronym for an international association of 5countries(Brazil,Russia,India,China,and South Africa),which together represent the world's major emerging economies and almost one-half of the worlds popula... 详细信息

关键词： population. BRICS prevention

Haplotype phasing after joint estimation of recombination and linkage disequilibrium in breeding populations

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第1期5卷 38-52页

作者： Luis Gomez-Raya Amanda M Hulse David Thain wendy M Rauw Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal Instituto Nacional deInvestigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics Texas A&M University College Station Department of Animal Biotechnology University of Nevada

A novel method for haplotype phasing in families after joint estimation of recombination fraction and linkage disequilibrium is developed. Results from Monte Carlo computer simulations show that the newly developed E.M. algorithm is accurate if true recombination fraction is 0 even for single families of relatively small sizes. Estimates of recombination fraction and linkage disequilibrium were 0.00 （SD 0.00） and 0.19 （SD 0.03） for simulated recombination fraction and linkage disequilibrium of 0.00 and 0.20, respectively. A genome fragmentation phasing strategy was developed and used for phasing haplotypes in a sire and 36 progeny using the 50 k Illumina BeadChip by： a） estimation of the recombination fraction and LD in consecutive SNPs using family information, b） linkage analyses between fragments, c） phasing of haplotypes in parents and progeny and in following generations. Homozygous SNPs in progeny allowed determination of paternal fragment inheritance, and deduction of SNP sequence information of haplotypes from dams. The strategy also allowed detection of genotyping errors. A total of 613 recombination events were detected after linkage analysis was carried out between fragments. Hot and cold spots were identified at the individual （sire level）. SNPs for which the sire and calf were heterozygotes became informative （over 90%） after the phasing of haplotypes. Average of regions of identity between half-sibs when comparing its maternal inherited haplotypes （with at least 20 SNP） in common was 0.11 with a maximum of 0.29 and a minimum of 0.05. A Monte-Carlo simulation of BTA1 with the same linkage disequilibrium structure and genetic linkage as the cattle family yielded a 99.98 and 99.94% of correct phases for informative SNPs in sire and calves, respectively.

关键词： Breeding Haplotype phasing Linkage disequilibrium SNP

Characteristics of clear cell renal cell carcinoma metastases to the thyroid gland: A systematic review

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第21期7卷 3474-3485页

作者： Karam Khaddour Nadiia Marernych wendy L Ward Jerry Liu Theodora Pappa Department of Medicine at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science ChicagoIL 60050United States Northwestern Medicine McHenry ChicagoIL 60050United States Advocate Medical Group Oncology Crystal LakeIL 60014United States

BACKGROUND Thyroid gland is an uncommon site for metastases from clear cell renal cell carcinoma(CCRCC)and literature is *** to the variable and often long lag time before development of metastases in patients with CCRCC,thyroid nodules may be misdiagnosed initially as *** systematic review aims at a better understanding of the nature of these *** A bibliographic search was performed using PubMed(1990-2019),key words being“renal cell carcinoma,thyroid,kidney cancer,clear cell.”147 cases were *** patient’s characteristics assessed were:age,sex,stage,size of metastases,lag time,diagnostic modality,initial symptoms,treatment and outcome in last documented follow *** logistic regression,Spearman’s rho and ANOVA were used to identify differences between the existing *** The mean age(±SD)was 64±(10)years in males and 64(±11)in *** mean lag time to diagnosis of thyroid metastases was 8.7(±6.3)*** distribution of the patients was 46.3%male,52.4%*** was a weak correlation between lag time and size of metastases,not statistically *** of metastases was significantly higher in symptomatic patients(6.06±3.51 cm)compared to those with painless mass(4.6±0.29 cm)and asymptomatic ones(3.93±1.99 cm)(P=0.03).Fine Needle Aspiration was diagnostic in 29.4%of cases,47.1%were non *** patients(80.3%)underwent thyroid *** 1 year follow up,55.6%of patients operated were alive versus 35.3%who did not have surgery,though this was not statistically significant(P=0.1).CONCLUSION A larger size of thyroid metastasis was more likely to present with symptomatology.A high index of suspicion is warranted when evaluating thyroid nodules in CCRCC *** was no significant difference in outcome between patients who underwent surgery and those who did *** the wider use of immune check-point inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors in metastatic CCRCC,surgery may eventually be

关键词： Clear cell renal cell carcinoma Thyroid Metastases Thyroidectomy

Comparison of dietary intakes of Canadian Armed Forces personnel consuming field rations in acute hot, cold, and temperate conditions with standardized infantry

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Military Medical Research 2020年第1期7卷 77-92页

作者： Mavra Ahmed Iva Mandic wendy Lou Len Goodman Ira Jacobs Mary R.L’Abbé Department of Nutritional Sciences Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoMedical Science Building1 King's College CircleRoom 5368TorontoOntario M5S 1A8Canada Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education University of TorontoToronto M5S 2W6Canada Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of TorontoToronto M5T 3M2Canada Defence Research and Development Canada-Toronto Research Centre Toronto M3K 2C9Canada

Background:Dietary Reference Intakes are used to guide the energy intake of the Canadian Armed Forces(CAF)field rations provided to military personnel deployed for training or ***,the high energy expenditures likely to occur under harsh environmental/metabolically challenging deployment conditions may not be adequately *** study examined the Ad libitum energy and nutrient intakes of CAF personnel(n=18)consuming field rations in a resting thermoneutral environment and during a day of standardized strenuous infantry activities at varying environmental ***:Dietary intake was assessed using a measured food intake/food waste method during the experimental treatment and for 6 h after *** treatments were administered in a randomized counterbalanced design:exercise(as standardized infantry activities)in the heat(30℃),exercise in the cold(–10℃),exercise in temperate thermoneutral(21℃)air temperatures and a resting(sedentary)trial(21℃).Results:The average Ad libitum consumption of field rations was 70%of the provided total energy(2776±99 kcal/8 h)during all *** with an acute challenge of increased energy expenditure and temperature stress in the simulated field conditions,participants’energy intakes(1985±747 kcal/8 h)under hot,cold and temperate treatments did not differ from energy intake during the sedentary condition(1920±640 kcal/8 h).Participants’energy intakes(1009±527 kcal/6 h)did not increase during the 6 h posttreatment period when the stresses of the strenuous physical activities and the harsh environmental temperatures had ***:These results should be considered when planning the provision of field rations for CAF personnel expected to be engaged in strenuous physical activities with prolonged exposure to temperature extremes.

关键词： Dietary assessment Nutrient intakes Military personnel Physical activity Temperature extremes Field rations

Outcome of severely injured trauma patients at a designated trauma centre in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

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Chinese Medical Journal 2010年第10期123卷 1251-1254页

作者： LEUNG Ka Kit Gilberto HO wendy TONG King Hung Daniel YUEN Wai Key Trauma Service Queen Mary Hospital and The University of Hong Kong The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) China

Background The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region （HKSAR） of the People＇s Republic of China （PRC） has seen significant changes in its trauma service over the last ten years including the implementation of a regional trauma system. The author＇s institution is one of the five trauma centres designated in 2003. This article reports our initial clinical experience. Methods A prospective single-centre trauma registry from January 2004 to December 2008 was reviewed. The primary clinical outcome measure was hospital mortality. The Trauma and Injury Severity Score （TRISS） methodology was used for bench-marking with the North America Major Trauma Outcome Study （MTOS） database. Results There were 1451 patients. The majority （83.9%） suffered from blunt injury. The overall mortality rate was 7.8%. Severe injury, defined as the Injury Severity Score 〉15, occurred in 22.5% of patients, and was associated with a mortality rate of 31.6%. A trend of progressive improvement was noted. The M-statistic was 0.99, indicating comparable case-mix with the MTOS. The Z- and W-statistics of each individual year revealed fewer, but not significantly so, number of survivors than expected. Conclusions Trauma centre designation was feasible in the HKSAR and was associated with a gradual improvement in patient care. Trauma system implementation may be considered in regions equipped with the necessary socio-economic and organizational set-up.

关键词： trauma, nervous system outcome trauma and injury severity score Hong Kong, China

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充满爱的房间

疯狂英语（新读写） 2023年第7期 57-57,78页

作者： wendy Wickersham 不详

当你看到一个男人为他患有孤独症的孙子做的漂亮而又周到的“安全床”时,你会感受到他对孙子的爱有多深。

关键词：孤独症孙子房间

Nuclear Cardiology, The Basics 2nd ed. 2008

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Hypertension and Heart Failure as Predictors of Mortality in an Adult Congenital Heart Defect Population

丛书名： Contemporary Cardiology

2008年

作者： Frans J Th Wackers wendy Bruni Barry Zaret

ISBN:9781597452625

ISBN: (数字)9781597452625

ISBN: (纸本)9781588299246

ISBN:9781597452625

关键词： Laboratories

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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畅想之星图书光盘版（南通市图书馆镜像）

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Congenital Heart Disease 2021年第4期16卷 333-355页

作者： Cheryl Raskind-Hood Kashaine A.Gray Jayne Morgan wendy M.Book Department of Epidemiology Emory School of Public HealthAtlantaGeorgiaUSA Department of Public Health Mercer University College of Health ProfessionsAtlantaGeorgiaUSA Division of Cardiovascular Research Piedmont HospitalAtlantaGeorgiaUSA Division of Cardiology Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA

Early intervention to prevent premature mortality is vital for adults with congenital heart defects(CHD).Anatomic complexity and comorbid conditions are thought to contribute to CHD *** hypertension(HTN)and heart failure(HF)are the comorbid conditions among the most prevalent causes of death in the United States,and commonly accompany CHD,it is crucial to evaluate whether they are reliable predictors of mortality for adults with CHD(ACHD)independent of anatomic CHD complexity.A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of ACHD,aged 18–64,with concomitant HTN and/or HF and at least one health care encounter during 2008–2010 were *** 5,397 ACHD patients(18.3%HTN without HF,4.4%HF without HTN,8.3%with both),3.0%died(n=163)during the study ***,the sample was 45.1%white,61.4%female,and 29.0%had a complex *** those who died,23.3%had HTN without HF,17.2%had HF without HTN,and 42.3%had *** analyses revealed that older age,male gender,black race,and having public health insurance were associated with increased mortality during the three-year study period compared to ACHD patients who were younger,female gender,white race,and covered by private health *** patients diagnosed with non-complex CHD lesions(i.e.,shunts,valves,or shunts+valves)were at greater risk of dying compared to those with severe complex *** CHD type was assessed separately,those with valve lesions were more likely to die compared to those with complex CHD *** adjustment for age,gender,race,insurance and CHD complexity,ACHD patients with HF,with or without HTN,were equally likely to die during the study ***,ACHD patients with HF,without or without HTN,who had valve defects were more likely to die during the three-year study period compared to patients with complex CHDs.

关键词： Congenital heart defect risk factors hypertension heart failure mortality