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First experience in laparoscopic surgery in low and middle income countries: A systematic review

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第2期16卷 546-553页

作者： Rebekka Troller Jasmine Bawa olivia Baker James Ashcroft Department of Surgery Medway Maritime HospitalGillingham ME75NYKentUnited Kingdom Department of Surgery University Hospital CambridgeCambridge CB20QQUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic surgery has reduced morbidity and mortality rates,shorter post-operative recovery periods and lower complication rates than open surgery.It is routine practice in high-income countries and is becoming increasingly common in countries with limited resources.However,introducing laparoscopic surgery in low-and-middle-income countries(LMIC)can be expensive and requires resour-ces,equipment,and trainers.AIM To report the challenges and benefits of introducing laparoscopic surgery in LMIC as well as to identify solutions to these challenges for countries with limited finances and resources.METHODS MEDLINE,EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched for studies reporting first experience in laparoscopic surgery in LMIC.Included studies were published between 1996 and 2022 with full text available in English.Exclusion criteria were studies considering only open surgery,ear,nose,and throat,endoscopy,arthro-scopy,hysteroscopy,cystoscopy,transplant,or bariatric surgery.RESULTS Ten studies out of 3409 screened papers,from eight LMIC were eligible for inclusion in the final analysis,totaling 2497 patients.Most reported challenges were related to costs of equipment and training programmes,equipment pro-blems such as faulty equipment,and access to surgical kits.Training-related challenges were reliance on foreign trainers and lack of locally trained surgeons and theatre staff.The benefits of introducing laparoscopic surgery were economic and clinical,including a reduction in hospital stay,complications,and morbidi-ty/mortality.The introduction of laparoscopic surgery also provided training opportunities for junior doctors.CONCLUSION Despite financial and technical challenges,many studies emphasise the overall benefit of introducing laparoscopic surgery in LMICs such as reduced hospital stay and the related lower cost for patients.While many of the clinical centres in LMICs have proposed practical solutions to the challenges reported,more support is critically required,in particular regarding training.

关键词： Laparoscopic surgery Low and middle income country First experience Training in laparoscopic surgery

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动态全场光学相干断层扫描结合深度学习在肿瘤患者术中诊断的应用:一项乳腺癌患者的前瞻性队列研究

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Science Bulletin 2024年第11期69卷 1748-1756页

作者：张舒玮杨滨杨后圃赵进张原媛高元绪 olivia Monteiro 张康刘博王殊 Breast Center Peking University People’s HospitalBeijing 100044China China ESG Institute Capital University of Economics and BusinessBeijing 100070China Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Department of Pathology Peking University People’s HospitalBeijing 100044China Center for Biomedicine and Innovations Faculty of MedicineMacao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China College of Future Technology Peking UniversityBeijing 100091China School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences Massey UniversityAuckland 0745New Zealand

An intraoperative diagnosis is critical for precise cancer surgery. However, traditional intraoperative assessments based on hematoxylin and eosin(H&E) histology, such as frozen section, are time-,resource-, and labor-intensive, and involve specimen-consuming concerns. Here, we report a near-real-time automated cancer diagnosis workflow for breast cancer that combines dynamic full-field optical coherence tomography(D-FFOCT), a label-free optical imaging method, and deep learning for bedside tumor diagnosis during surgery. To classify the benign and malignant breast tissues, we conducted a prospective cohort trial. In the modeling group(n = 182), D-FFOCT images were captured from April 26 to June 20, 2018, encompassing 48 benign lesions, 114 invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC), 10 invasive lobular carcinoma, 4 ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS), and 6 rare tumors. Deep learning model was built up and fine-tuned in 10,357 D-FFOCT patches. Subsequently, from June 22 to August 17, 2018, independent tests(n = 42) were conducted on 10 benign lesions, 29 IDC, 1 DCIS, and 2 rare tumors. The model yielded excellent performance, with an accuracy of 97.62%, sensitivity of 96.88% and specificity of 100%;only one IDC was misclassified. Meanwhile, the acquisition of the D-FFOCT images was non-destructive and did not require any tissue preparation or staining procedures. In the simulated intraoperative margin evaluation procedure, the time required for our novel workflow(approximately 3 min)was significantly shorter than that required for traditional procedures(approximately 30 min). These findings indicate that the combination of D-FFOCT and deep learning algorithms can streamline intraoperative cancer diagnosis independently of traditional pathology laboratory procedures.

关键词： Cancer diagnosis Breast neoplasms Dynamic full-field optical coherence tomography Deep learning Image classification

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How completely are randomized controlled trials of non-pharmacological interventions following concussion reported? A systematic review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 537-547页

作者： Jacqueline Josee van Ierssel olivia Galea Kirsten Holte Caroline Luszawski Elizabeth Jenkins Jennifer O’Neil Carolyn A Emery Rebekah Mannix Kathryn Schneider Keith Owen Yeates Roger Zemek Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute OttawaON K1H 8L1Canada The Centre for Health Activity and Rehabilitation ResearchUniversity of OtagoDunedin 9016New Zealand Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute University of Calgary CalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 4N1Canada Department of Psychology University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada g Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8M5Canada School of Rehabilitation Sciences University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8M5Canada Bruyere Research Institute OttawaON K1N 5C8Canada Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8M5Canada

Purpose:The study aimed to examine the reporting completeness of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of non-pharmacological interventions following concussion.Methods:We searched MEDLINE,Embase,PsycInfo,CINAHL,and Web of Science up to May 2022.Two reviewers independently screened studies and assessed reporting completeness using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication(TIDieR),Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template(CERT),and international Consensus on Therapeutic Exercise aNd Training(i-CONTENT)checklists.Additional information was sought my study authors where reporting was incomplete.Risk of bias(ROB)was assessed with the Cochrane ROB-2 Tool.RCTs examining non-pharmacological interventions following concussion.Results:We included 89 RCTs(n=53 high ROB)examining 11 different interventions for concussion:sub-symptom threshold aerobic exercise,cervicovestibular therapy,physical/cognitive rest,vision therapy,education,psychotherapy,hyperbaric oxygen therapy,transcranial magnetic stimulation,blue light therapy,osteopathic manipulation,and head/neck cooling.Median scores were:TIDieR 9/12(75%;interquartile range(IQR)=5;range:5-12),CERT 17/19(89%;IQR=2;range:10-19),and i-CONTENT 6/7(86%;IQR=1;range:5-7).Percentage of studies completely reporting all items was TIDieR 35%(31/89),CERT 24%(5/21),and i-CONTENT 10%(2/21).Studies were more completely reported after publication of TIDieR(t_(87)=2.08;p=0.04)and CERT(t_(19)=2.72;p=0.01).Reporting completeness was not strongly associated with journal impact factor(TIDieR:rs=0.27;p=0.01;CERT:r_(s)=-0.44;p=0.06;i-CONTENT:r_(s)=-0.17;p=0.48)or ROB(TIDieR:rs=0.11;p=0.31;CERT:rs=0.04;p=0.86;i-CONTENT:rs=0.12;p=0.60).Conclusion:RCTs of non-pharmacological interventions following concussion demonstrate moderate to good reporting completeness,but are often missing key components,particularly modifications,motivational strategies,and qualified supervisor.Reporting completeness improved after TIDieR and CERT publication,but publication in highly cited journals and low ROB

关键词： Concussion Intervention Randomized controlled trial Systematic review

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SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in the gastrointestinal tract mediated by Spike-induced intestinal inflammation

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2024年第1期7卷 84-86页

作者： Zhanyu Li Jianzhong He Yun Yin Lei Tang Ye Liu olivia Monteiro Famin Zeng Department of Pathology The Fifth Affliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 5190ooChina City University of Macao Macao 999078China Faculty of Medicine Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China

Dear Editor,The pathogenesis of COVID-19 in the gastrointestinal(GI)tract is well-documented[1].However,due to a lack of simple animal models,the pathogenic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 in the GI tract is not well establi... 详细信息

关键词： pathogenesis gastrointestinal inflammation

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Treatment and prevention of epilepsy in onchocerciasis-endemic areas is urgently needed

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 85-89页

作者： Robert Colebunders Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo olivia Kamoen Luis-Jorge Amaral Amber Hadermann Chiara Trevisan Mark J.Taylor Julia Gauglitz Achim Hoerauf Yasuaki Sato Katja Polman Maria-Gloria Basanez Dan Bhwana Thomson Lakwo Gasim Abd-Elfarag Sebastien D.Pion Global Health Institute University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Department of Neurology Heilig Hart ZiekenhuisLierBelgium Department of Public Health Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine LiverpoolUK Department of Computer Science University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Institute of Medical Microbiology Immunology and ParasitologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany German Center for Infection Research(DZIF) Partner Site Bonn-CologneBonnGermany School of Global Humanities and Social Sciences Nagasaki UniversityNagasakiJapan MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and London Centre for Neglected TropicalDisease Research Department of Infectious Disease EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK National Institute for Medical Research TangaTanzania Vector Control Division Ministry of HealthKampalaUganda School of Public Health University of JubaJubaSouth Sudan Access for Humanity JubaSouth Sudan French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development MontpellierFrance

Background There is increasing epidemiological evidence supporting the association between onchocerciasis and seizures,reinforcing the concept of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy(OAE).The aim of this paper is to provide an update on the new knowledge about OAE and to propose recommendations to the World Health Organization how to address this public health problem.Main text During the 2nd International Workshop on OAE held on 19-21 September,2023,in Antwerp,Belgium,participants recognised OAE as a substantial yet neglected public health problem,particularly in areas of sub-Saharan Africa where onchocerciasis remains hyperendemic.Evidence from prospective population-based studies suggest that strengthening onchocerciasis elimination efforts leads to a significant reduction of OAE incidence.There is a need to validate an OAE case definition to estimate the burden of disease and identify onchocerciasis-endemic areas requiring intensification of onchocerciasis elimination programmes and integration of epilepsy care t is expected that raising awareness about OAE will boost the population uptake of ivermectin.The implementation of a commu-nity-based epilepsy treatment programme offering free anti-seizure medications(ASMs)has shown high effectiveness in reducing the frequency of seizures and improving the overall quality of life of people with epilepsy.Conclusions To reduce OAE burden,enhanced collaboration between onchocerciasis and mental health pro-grammes at community,national,and international levels is required.Urgent efforts are needed to ensure the uninter-rupted provision of free ASMs in onchocerciasis-endemic areas.Furthermore,OAE should be included in the quantif-cation of the onchocerciasis disease burden.

关键词： Onchocerciasis Morbidity Burden of disease Prevention Ivermectin Epilepsy Nodding syndrome Treatment Children Policy

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气候主题作品增多呼唤公众气候意识觉醒

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商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第8期 30-32页

作者： olivia Rudgard 孟洁冰(译) 不详

●2013-2014年,仅有为10%的影片以气候变化为主题,2021-2022年上映的电影中,比例提高至四分之一提起气候变化题材的虚构作品,难免会有人提起电影《后天》(TheDayAfterTomorow)。这部热门大片在20年前的5月上映,讲述了北大西洋洋流的中... 详细信息

●2013-2014年,仅有为10%的影片以气候变化为主题,2021-2022年上映的电影中,比例提高至四分之一提起气候变化题材的虚构作品,难免会有人提起电影《后天》(TheDayAfterTomorow)。这部热门大片在20年前的5月上映,讲述了北大西洋洋流的中断导致美国和英国陷人冰冷的寒冬,龙卷风摧毁了洛杉矶,海浪没了纽约市,直升机在半空中冻住。

关键词：《后天》气候变化意识觉醒龙卷风虚构作品洛杉矶北大西洋纽约市

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Habitable Land Will Soon Become the World’s Scarcest Resource: Why Appalachia Should Choose Climate Change Havens over Millionaire Estates and Golf Courses

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第6期15卷 716-730页

作者： Elizabeth C. Hirschman Devonte Booth Tzu-Wei Huang Kamryn Livingston Kobe McReynolds Rachel Six Logan Smith olivia Toomer Department of Business and Economics University of Virginia-Wise Wise USA

This research advocates for the construction of Climate Change Haven Communities across the Appalachian Region. The proposed development plan can be extended to the northern tier states across the US and also to the northern and mountainous regions of Europe and Asia. We present an analogy to the earlier climate change period of the Last Glacial Maximum/“Ice Age” in which these same northern regions of the planet were covered in ice sheets making them uninhabitable for most humans and many plant and animal species. In some significant ways, the Ice Age scenario can be a reverse-model for our current climate crisis. We also advocate strongly for the prevention of upscale real estate development projects in these same regions of the globe, as these will foreclose the possibility of safely sheltering the millions of persons who will be displaced by climate change over the next 5 to 10 years.

关键词： Climate Change Appalachia Habitable Land Climate Change Haven Communities Two-Caste Economic System Migration Ice Age Analogies

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Social and Economic Considerations for Creating Sustainable Climate Change Haven Communities

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第1期15卷 76-93页

作者： Elizabeth C. Hirschman William Bourgin Angel Castilla Caitlin Glover Caitlyn Justice Manuel Munoz Braydon Thompson Justin Snider olivia Toomer Department of Business and Economics University of Virginia-Wise Wise USA

As Climate Change Haven Communities are constructed across the Northern Hemisphere, it will be necessary to attract two types of migrants to populate them. The first group consists of professionals and companies in eco-sustainable businesses, such as law firms, insurance companies, investment firms, banking, technological innovation, mass media, medical research and pharmaceutical research. The second group will consist of persons engaged in organic/eco-sustainable agriculture whose crops and animal husbandry practices can be transferred successfully to Climate Change Haven regions. The present research focuses on the social and economic variables that must be taken into account to insure that each new Climate Change Haven Community becomes successfully integrated with the local population and forms a cohesive, harmonious social structure. Examples are given from the United States, France, Spain, Portugal and Italy.

关键词： Climate Change Haven Community Sustainability Organic/Eco Farming Internal Migration Social Integration

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Histopathological Patterns and Early Postoperative Complications among Patients with Surgically Treated Thyroid Diseases at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2024年第2期13卷 103-119页

作者： Adam Sijaona olivia M. Kimario Samson E. Kichiba Gustave Buname Fidelis Mbunda Rodrick H. Kabangira Cecilia Protas Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza Tanzania Department of Internal Medicine Kamanga Medics Zonal Referral Hospital Mwanza Tanzania Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Bugando Medical Centre Mwanza Tanzania

Background: Thyroid diseases are among the leading endocrine disorders affecting a large proportion of people worldwide and show geographical variation in incidence and histopathological pattern related to age, sex, dietary and environmental factors. Histopathological patterns of surgically treated thyroid diseases play an important role in early diagnosis and management of these diseases. There is, however, limited published data regarding histopathological reports on thyroid disease in our local setting. This study aimed to determine the histopathological patterns and highlight early postoperative complications among patients with surgically treated thyroid diseases at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC). Methods: This was a longitudinal study involving all patients with surgically treated thyroid diseases seen at BMC over a period of 6 months from October 2019 to March 2020. Results: A total of 84 patients were studied. Females outnumbered males by a female to male ratio of 11:1. The median age of patients was 44 [IQR, 35 - 54] years old, the youngest was 14 years old and the oldest was 76 years old. Colloid goiter was the most common non-neoplastic lesion accounting for 34 (44.7%) patients. Among the neoplastic lesions, follicular adenoma was the most commonly encountered benign pathologies (n = 16;21.1%), while papillary carcinoma was the most commonly encountered malignancy (n = 4;50%). Following thyroidectomy, 12 (14.3%) patients developed early complications, of which hemorrhage sometimes requiring blood transfusion was the leading intra/postoperative complications accounting for 4 (33.3%) patients. Other complications include temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy 2 (16.7%), surgical site infection 2 (16.7%) and tracheomalacia, bronchospasm, thyroid abscess and respiratory obstruction in 1 (8.3%) patient each, respectively. In this study, malignant thyroid lesion (p Conclusion: This study demonstrated that colloid goiter was the most common non-neoplastic lesion, and on the neoplastic category, follicular ad

关键词： Thyroid Diseases Histopathological Patterns Early Postoperative Complications Tanzania

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Growth, Development and Yield of Kenaf as Affected by Planting Dates and N Fertilization

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第3期14卷 707-720页

作者： Julius Yirzagla Peter Quandahor Iddrisu Yahaya olivia Aguriboba Akanbelum Listowell Aditwin Akologo John Bokaligidi Lambon Abdul-Wahab M. Imoro Kwadwo Gyasi Santo CSIR-SARI Nyankpala Ghana St Vincent College of Education Yendi Ghana Gbewaah College of Education Pusiga-Bawku Ghana CSIR-Head Office Accra Ghana C.K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana University of Energy and Natural Resources Sunyani Ghana

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L) consists of various beneficial components like stalks, seeds, leaves, fibers, oils, proteins, allelopathic chemicals, and fiber strands, among other things. Despite the numerous uses of the crop, there is little or no information on optimum agronomic practices such as planting date and N fertilization of the crop in the Upper East Region (UER) of Ghana where the crop is widely cultivated by smallholder farmers. Field experiments were therefore carried out in 2020 and repeated during the 2021 cropping season in the study area. The objective of the study was to determine appropriate planting date and N fertilization for increased kenaf productivity. In each year, the treatments consisted of 3 × 5 factorial combinations of three planting dates (1st July, 7th July and 14th July) and five levels of N (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg/ha) replicated three times. The design of the experiment was a split-plot with the N fertilizer as the main plot and the planting date assigned to sub plot. The results showed that, planting kenaf in early (1st) July or N fertilization at the rate of 60 kg/ha increased plant density, stem height, stem diameter, dry bast and core yields in both cropping seasons.

关键词： Growth Fibres Bast Yield Core Yield

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