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Integrated neural tracing and in-situ barcoded sequencing reveals the logic of SCN efferent circuits in regulating circadian behaviors

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 518-528页

作者： Meimei liao Xinwei Gao Chen Chen Qi Li Qingchun Guo He Huang Erquan Zhang Dapeng Ju College of Biological Sciences China Agriculture UniversityBeijing 100193China National Institute of Biological Sciences(NIBS) Beijing 102206China Chinese Institute for Brain Research Beijing 102206China School of Biomedical Engineering Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Department of Anesthesiology The Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 401336China Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 102206China

The circadian clock coordinates rhythms in numerous physiological processes to maintain organismal homeostasis. Since the suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCN) is widely accepted as the circadian pacemaker, it is critical to understand the neural mechanisms by which rhythmic information is transferred from the SCN to peripheral clocks. Here, we present the first comprehensive map of SCN efferent connections and suggest a molecular logic underlying these projections. The SCN projects broadly to most major regions of the brain, rather than solely to the hypothalamus and thalamus. The efferent projections from different subtypes of SCN neurons vary in distance and intensity, and blocking synaptic transmission of these circuits affects circadian rhythms in locomotion and feeding to different extents. We also developed a barcoding system to integrate retrograde tracing with in-situ sequencing, allowing us to link circuit anatomy and spatial patterns of gene expression. Analyses using this system revealed that brain regions functioning downstream of the SCN receive input from multiple neuropeptidergic cell types within the SCN, and that individual SCN neurons generally project to a single downstream brain region.This map of SCN efferent connections provides a critical foundation for future investigations into the neural circuits underlying SCNmediated rhythms in physiology. Further, our new barcoded tracing method provides a tool for revealing the molecular logic of neuronal circuits within heterogeneous brain regions.

关键词： circadian rhythms SCN output circuit neural tracing barcoded GFP in situ sequencing

Geographical patterns and determinants of insect biodiversity in China

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 1255-1265页

作者： Huizhong Fan Tongyi Liu Youhua Chen Ziyan liao Jun Chen Yibo Hu Gexia Qiao Fuwen Wei CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization&China-Croatia“Belt and Road”Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology College of ForestryJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Insects play important roles in the maintenance of ecosystem functioning and the provision of livelihoods for millions of people.However,compared with terrestrial vertebrates and angiosperms,such as the giant panda,crested ibis,and the metasequoia,insect conservation has not attracted enough attention,and a basic understanding of the geographical biodiversity patterns for major components of insects in China is lacking.Herein,we investigated the geographical distribution of insect biodiversity across multiple dimensions(taxonomic,genetic,and phylogenetic diversity)based on the spatial distribution and molecular DNA sequencing data of insects.Our analysis included 18 orders,360 families,5,275 genera,and 14,115 species of insects.The results revealed that Southwestern and Southeastern China harbored higher insect biodiversity and numerous older lineages,representing a museum,whereas regions located in Northwestern China harbored lower insect biodiversity and younger lineages,serving as an evolutionary cradle.We also observed that mean annual temperature and precipitation had significantly positive effects,whereas altitude had significantly negative effects on insect biodiversity in most cases.Moreover,cultivated vegetation harbored the highest insect taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity,and needleleaf and broadleaf mixed forests harbored the highest insect genetic diversity.These results indicated that human activities may positively contribute to insect spatial diversity on a regional scale.Our study fills a knowledge gap in insect spatial diversity in China.These findings could help guide national-level conservation plans and the post-2020 biodiversity conservation framework.

关键词： insect spatial patterns multiple dimensions driving factors vegetation types

The evolution,pathogenicity and transmissibility of quadruple reassortant H1N2 swine influenza virus in China:A potential threat to public health

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第2期39卷 205-217页

作者： Xinxin Cui Jinhuan Ma Zifeng Pang Lingzhi Chi Cuishan Mai Hanlin Liu Ming liao Hailiang Sun College of Veterinary Medicine South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou510642China Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou510642China National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou510642China Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College Weifang261061China Institute of Animal Health Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou510640China

Swine are regarded as“intermediate hosts”or“mixing vessels”of influenza viruses,capable of generating strains with pandemic potential.From 2020 to 2021,we conducted surveillance on swine H1N2 influenza(swH1N2)viruses in swine farms located in Guangdong,Yunnan,and Guizhou provinces in southern China,as well as Henan and Shandong provinces in northern China.We systematically analyzed the evolution and pathogenicity of swH1N2 isolates,and characterized their replication and transmission abilities.The isolated viruses are quadruple reassortant H1N2 viruses containing genes from pdm/09 H1N1(PB2,PB1,PA and NP genes),triple-reassortant swine(NS gene),Eurasian Avian-like(HA and M genes),and recent human H3N2(NA gene)lineages.The NA,PB2,and NP of SW/188/20 and SW/198/20 show high gene similarities to A/Guangdong/Yue Fang277/2017(H3N2).The HA gene of swH1N2 exhibits a high evolutionary rate.The five swH1N2 isolates replicate efficiently in human,canine,and swine cells,as well as in the turbinate,trachea,and lungs of mice.A/swine/Shandong/198/2020 strain efficiently replicates in the respiratory tract of pigs and effectively transmitted among them.Collectively,these current swH1N2 viruses possess zoonotic potential,highlighting the need for strengthened surveillance of swH1N2 viruses.

关键词： Swine influenza virus(SIV) H1N2 Evolution Replication Pathogenicity Zoonotic potential

Enhancement of mechanical properties of GTAW joints for ZC63 magnesium alloy by post-weld heat treatment

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第2期169卷 251-263页

作者： Weiyang Zhou Qichi Le Ye Shi Qiyu liao Tong Wang Qi Zou Clodualdo Aranas Jr Key Lab of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials Ministry of EducationNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Key Laboratory of Lightweight Structural Materials Liaoning ProvinceNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of New BrunswickFrederictonE3B 5A3New BrunswickCanada

To further improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of gas tungsten arc welded(GTAW)welded joints for ZC63 magnesium alloy,post-weld heat treatment is carried out.It is found that the majority of the MgZnCu phase in the fusion zone(FZ)is dissolved in theα-Mg matrix under suitable heat treatment conditions.The remainder is diffusely distributed as rods or granules at the grain bound-aries.The excessive heat treatment temperature(460℃)leads to abnormal grain growth(AGG)in the FZ.The substructure gradient between the abnormally grown grains and the surrounding small grains pro-vides the driving force for AGG.Meanwhile,the dissolution of the MgZnCu phase weakens the hindering effect of the second phase on grain boundary migration,setting the stage for AGG.In addition,the detri-mental impact of the continuous MgZnCu phase on the mechanical properties of the welded joint is also lessened by its dissolution.The ultimate tensile strength(UTS),yield strength(YS)and elongation(EL)of the welded joints are 255 MPa,119 MPa and 27.0%,respectively,under the post-weld heat treatment process of 440℃×12 h.The welding coefficient of the welded joint reaches 97.0%,satisfying the service criteria set forth by the mechanical properties of the welded joints.

关键词： GTAW FZ Heat treatment AGG Mechanical properties

Combining reinforcement learning with mathematical programming:An approach for optimal design of heat exchanger networks

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第5期69卷 63-71页

作者： Hui Tan Xiaodong Hong Zuwei liao Jingyuan Sun Yao Yang Jingdai Wang Yongrong Yang State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou 311215China

Heat integration is important for energy-saving in the process industry.It is linked to the persistently challenging task of optimal design of heat exchanger networks(HEN).Due to the inherent highly nonconvex nonlinear and combinatorial nature of the HEN problem,it is not easy to find solutions of high quality for large-scale problems.The reinforcement learning(RL)method,which learns strategies through ongoing exploration and exploitation,reveals advantages in such area.However,due to the complexity of the HEN design problem,the RL method for HEN should be dedicated and designed.A hybrid strategy combining RL with mathematical programming is proposed to take better advantage of both methods.An insightful state representation of the HEN structure as well as a customized reward function is introduced.A Q-learning algorithm is applied to update the HEN structure using theε-greedy strategy.Better results are obtained from three literature cases of different scales.

关键词： Heat exchanger network Reinforcement learning Mathematical programming Process design

Distributed Secondary Control Based on Dynamic Diffusion Algorithm for Current Sharing and Average Voltage Regulation in DC Microgrids

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第2期12卷 597-607页

作者： Dawei liao Fei Gao Daniel J.Rogers Wentao Huang Dong Liu Houjun Tang Department of Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordOxford OX12JDU.K. IEEE

This paper introduces a distributed secondary control scheme for achieving current sharing and average voltage regulation objectives in a DC microgrid.The proposed scheme employs a dynamic diffusion algorithm(DDA)instead of the consensus algorithm to enable distributed communication among converters.To help understand DDA,the relation of DDA and other diffusion algorithms is discussed in detail and its superiority is shown by comparison with diffusion and consensus algorithms.Furthermore,considering the discrete nature and different sampling time of the digital controller and communication network,a z-domain model of the entire DC microgrid is established.The influence of communication and secondary control parameters on the system stability is investigated.Based on the established model,the tolerable communication rates are obtained.Real-time simulations conducted on the OPAL-RT platform validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme,showcasing its advantages in terms of convergence speed and stability.

关键词： Cooperative control DC microgrid diffusion algorithm discrete-time modeling distributed secondary control

High-performance Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)achieved by polyaniline intercalation and gelatinization as a high-energy cathode for zinc-ion capacitor

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 5305-5316页

作者： Peng liao ZiYu Geng Xin Zhang Wenjie Yan Zenghui Qiu Haijun Xu College of Mathematics and Physics Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China

The actual manufacture of supercapacitors(SCs)is restricted by the inadequate energy density,and the energy density of devices can be properly promoted by assembling zinc-ion capacitors(ZICs)which used capacitive cathode and battery-type anode.Two-dimensional(2D)MXene has brought great focuses in the electrode research on the foundation of large redox-active surface,but the specific capacitance is still affected by the tight stacking of interlaminations.Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@polyaniline(PANI)heterostructures are prepared by uniformly depositing the conductive polymer PANI nanorods as the intercalation agent into the external of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)nanosheets to inhibit stacking.Subsequently,by using graphene oxide(GO)-assisted low-temperature hydrothermal self-assembly manufacture,2D heterostructures are assembled into the three-dimensional(3D)porous crosslinked Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@PANI-reduced graphene oxide(RGO)hydrogels.Attributed to the synergistic work of PANI nanorods,Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X)nanosheets,and 3D crosslinking frameworks of RGO to match capacitive and battery effects,3D porous hierarchical Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@PANI-RGO heterostructure hydrogels have rich ion transport channels,a large number of active sites,and excellent reaction kinetics.ZIC is assembled by using Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@PANI-RGO heterostructure hydrogels as cathodes and zinc foil as anodes.In this work,Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@PANI-RGO//Zn ZIC exhibits a wide working window(2.0 V),marked specific capacitance(589.89 F·g^(−1)at 0.5 A·g−1),salient energy density(327.71 Wh·kg^(−1)at 513.61 W·kg^(−1)and 192.20 Wh·kg^(−1)at 13,005.87 W·kg^(−1)),and durable cycling stability(97.87%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles at 10 A·g^(−1)).This study emphasizes the device design of ZICs and the broad prospect of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-based hydrogels as viable cathodes for ZICs.

关键词： polyaniline(PANI) Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@PANI heterostructure intercalation process three-dimensional(3D)porous hydrogel high energy density zinc-ion capacitor

Parameter matching and experiment of the combined cyclone separation and cylinder sieve cleaning system for rape combine harvester

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第1期17卷 128-136页

作者： Jiacheng Yuan Qingxi liao Xingyu Wan Jia Yang Caixia Shu College of Engineering Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhan 430070China

Existing rape combine harvester with a cyclone separation cleaning device has the challenge that the loss rate and the cleaning rate increase and decrease simultaneously.A cleaning process route was proposed,which involves the cyclone separation cleaning device removing light and tiny impurities,and the cylinder sieve device removing coarse and long impurities such as pod shells and short stems.A novel cleaning system combining the cyclone separation cleaning device and cylinder sieve cleaning devices was designed.The ranges of the structure and operation parameters for each component were analyzed based on kinematics and dynamic analysis.A four-factor five-level quadratic orthogonal test was carried out,in which the loss rate and cleaning rate were taken as the evaluation indexes.The velocity at the suction port,the rotation speed of the cylinder sieve,the screw pitch of the spiral blade and the diameter of the sieve hole were taken as the influencing factors.The orthogonal test results showed that the cleaning system performed best at a rotation speed of the winnower is 600 r/min,an airflow velocity at the suction port is 18.25 m/s,a rotation speed of the cylinder sieve is 87 r/min,a screw pitch of the spiral blade is 440 mm and a diameter of the sieve hole is 4.48 mm.At this time,the loss rate of the cleaning system is 3.22%,and the cleaning rate is 95.67%.Compared to the conventional cyclone separation cleaning device,the loss rate is reduced by 2.17%and the cleaning rate is increased by 1.05%.This study can provide a reference for the optimal cleaning system design for rape combine harvesters.

关键词： agricultural engineering cleaning system cyclone separation cylinder sieve rapeseed combine harvester

Codelivery of anti-CD47 antibody and chlorin e6 using a dual pH-sensitive nanodrug for photodynamic immunotherapy of osteosarcoma

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Oncology Research 2024年第4期32卷 691-702页

作者： JIJIE XIAO HONG XIAO YUJUN CAI JIANWEI liao JUE LIU LIN YAO SHAOLIN LI Department of Radiology The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai510900China Department of Ultrasound The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou528405China PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and EngineeringGuangzhou510275China

Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor originating from bone tissue that progresses rapidly and has a poor patient prognosis.Immunotherapy has shown great potential in the treatment of osteosarcoma.However,the immunosuppressive microenvironment severely limits the efficacy of osteosarcoma treatment.The dual pH-sensitive nanocarrier has emerged as an effective antitumor drug delivery system that can selectively release drugs into the acidic tumor microenvironment.Here,we prepared a dual pH-sensitive nanocarrier,loaded with the photosensitizer Chlorin e6(Ce6)and CD47 monoclonal antibodies(aCD47),to deliver synergistic photodynamic and immunotherapy of osteosarcoma.On laser irradiation,Ce6 can generate reactive oxygen species(ROS)to kill cancer cells directly and induces immunogenic tumor cell death(ICD),which further facilitates the dendritic cell maturation induced by blockade of CD47 by aCD47.Moreover,both calreticulin released during ICD and CD47 blockade can accelerate phagocytosis of tumor cells by macrophages,promote antigen presentation,and eventually induce T lymphocyte-mediated antitumor immunity.Overall,the dual pH-sensitive nanodrug loaded with Ce6 and aCD47 showed excellent immune-activating and anti-tumor effects in osteosarcoma,which may lay the theoretical foundation for a novel combination model of osteosarcoma treatment.

关键词： Immunotherapy Osteosarcoma Nanodrug Photodynamic therapy CD47