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Assessment of health benefit of PM_(2.5) reduction during COVID-19 lockdown in China and separating contributions from anthropogenic emissions and meteorology

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第5期34卷 422-431页

作者： Heming Bai wenkang Gao Yuanpeng Zhang Li Wang Research Center for Intelligent Information Technology Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China Nantong Research Institute for Advanced Communication Technologies Nantong 226019China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Department of Medical Informatics Medical SchoolNantong UniversityNantong 226019China

The national lockdown policies have drastically disrupted socioeconomic activities during the COVID-19 pandemic in China,which provides a unique opportunity to investigate the air quality response to such anthropogenic *** it is meaningful to evaluate the potential health impacts of air quality changes during the lockdown,especially for PM_(2.5) with adverse health *** this study,by using PM_(2.5) observations from 1388 monitor-ing stations nationwide in China,we examine the PM_(2.5) variations between the COVID-19 lockdown(February and March in 2020)and the same period in 2015-2019,and find that the national average of PM_(2.5) decreases by 18 μg/m^(3),and mean PM_(2.5) for most sites(about 75%)decrease by 30%-60%.The anthropogenic and meteorological contributions to these PM_(2.5) variations are also determined by using a stepwise multiple linear regression(MLR)model combined with the Kolmogorov-Zurbenko *** results show that the change of anthropogenic emissions is a leading contributor to those widespread PM_(2.5) reductions,and meteorological conditions have the negative influence on PM_(2.5) reductions for some re-gions,such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH).Additionally,the avoided premature death due to PM_(2.5) reduction is estimated as a predicted number based on a log-linear concentration-response *** total avoided premature death is 9952 in China,with dominant con-tribution(94%)from anthropogenic emission *** BTH,Yangtze River Delta,Pearl River Delta and Hubei regions,the reductions of PM_(2.5) are 24.1,24.3,13.5 and 29.5 μg/m^(3),with the avoided premature deaths of 1066,1963,454 and 583,respectively.

关键词： Covid-19 epidemic PM_(2.5) Health benefit Meteorological and anthropogenic contributions KZ filter

PD-based trajectory tracking control in automatic cell injection system

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控制理论与应用（英文版） 2013年第2期11卷 207-214页

作者： wenkang XU Chenxiao CAI Yun ZOU School of Automation Nanjing University of Science and Technology

Trajectory tracking technology has been the focus of industrial manipulatory applications for many years, and its research has been found in micromanipulation in bioengineering recently. In this paper, a hybrid vision and force control method is applied to the automatic cell injection. The three-dimensional cell injection process involves the trajectory tracking in free space and the force control in contact space. A PD plus feedforward compensation control method is applied to the trajectory tracking in 3D space. Further, a PD-based robust controller is introduced into trajectory tracking while the systemic uncertainty of the cell injection is additionally considered. Both of the two control methods are theoretically proved to be exponential convergent. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified as compared with other control methods by its application to trajectory tracking problem.

关键词： Cell injection Trajectory tracking PD-based robust control

A vector inserting TPG for BIST design with low peak power consumption

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High Technology Letters 2007年第4期13卷 418-421页

作者：谈恩民 Song Shengdong Shi wenkang School of Electronics and Electric Engineering Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200030 P.R. China School of Electronic Engineering Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guilin 541004 P.R. China

A test pattern generator （TPG） which can highly reduce the peak power consumption during built-in self-test （BIST） application is proposed. The proposed TPG, called LPpe-TPG, consists of a linear feedback shift register （LFSR） and some control circuits. A procedure is presented firstly to make compare vectors between pseudorandom test patterns by adding some circuits to the original LFSR and secondly to insert some vectors between two successive pseudorandom test patterns according to the ordinal selection of every two bits of the compare vector. Then the changes between any successive test patterns of the test set generated by the LPpe-TPG are not more than twice. This leads to a decrease of the weighted switching activity （WSA） of the circuit under test （CUT） and therefore a reduction of the power consumption. Experimental results based on some ISCAS＇ 85 benchmark circuits show that the peak power consumption has been reduced by 25.25% to 64.46%. Also, the effectiveness of our approach to reduce the total and average power consumption is kept, without losing stuck-at fault coverage.

关键词： low peak power consumption design built-in self-test (BIST) test pattern generator(TPG) linear feedback shift register (LFSR) weighted switching activity (WSA)

Sequential changes of serum ferritin levels and their clinical significance in lamivudine-treated patients with chronic viral hepatitis B

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2004年第7期10卷 972-976页

作者： Zheng-WenLiu Qun-YingHan NiZhang wenkang DepartmentofInfectiousDiseases FirstHospitalXi'anJiaotongUniversityXi'an710061ShaanxiProvinceChina DepartmentofInfectiousDiseases FirstHospitalXi'anJiaotongUniversityXi'an710061ShaanxiProvinceChina

AIM: To study the sequential changes of serum ferritin levels in lamivudine-treated patients with chronic viral hepatitis B and the clinical implications. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with chronic viral hepatitis B were prospectively studied during their treatment with lamivudine. Each patient received 100 mg oral lamivudine daily for 12 mo, and was observed and tested for blood biochemistry and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels and serum ferritin levels at baseline and at 3, 6 and 12 mo during the treatment. Serum HBV DNA levels were quantitatively determined using fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR), and serum ferritin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. The sequential changes of serum ferdtin levels and their relationships with virological, serological and biochemical responses in the patients were analyzed. RESULTS: All the patients had a baseline HBV DNA level higher than 1×10^7 copies/L as determined by FQ-PCR and positive HBsAg and HBeAg and abnormal ALT levels. At the end of the 12-mo treatment, 19 of the 38(50.00%) patients had undetectable serum HBV DNA levels by FQ-PCR, and 12(31.58%) became negative for serum HSeAg and 10(26.32%) had seroconversion from HBeAg to HBeAb. Nineteen out of the 38(50.00%) patients had biochemically normal ALT levels after 12-mo lamivudine treatment. Sequential determination showed bhat lamivudine treatment significantly reduced ferritin levels in chronic hepatitis B patients. When the patients were divided into different groups according to their posttreatment virological, serological and biochemical responses for analysis of the sequential changes of ferritin levels, it was found bhat the decrease of ferritin levels in HBV DNA-negative group was significantly more obvious than that in HBV DNApositive group at 6 mo during the treatment (P=-0.013). Consecutive comparisons showed that ferritin levels at 3 mo of treatment were obviously decreased as compared with the baseline levels (P<0.05) in HB

关键词：慢性乙型肝炎抗病毒治疗血清学检查铁蛋白临床意义 FQ-PCR

Optimal pressure-sensitive cuts for surface acoustic waves on langasite

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Science in China(Series F) 2006年第2期49卷 254-261页

作者： HAN Tao JI Xiaojun SHI wenkang School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai200240 China

The crystal langasite manifests its unique advantages and potentials for high temperature applications due to a high electromechanical coupling coefficient, temperature compensated orientations for surface acoustic wave （SAW）, and temperature stability. In order to analyze the pressure-induced frequency shift in SAW resonator type sensors at high temperature, this paper presents the electroelastic wave equations employing the effective material constants for small vibrations superimposed on biases originated from homogeneous temperature and external pressure fields in the Lagrangian description. Incorporated with the first-order perturbation integration, a model including both the mechanical and electrical perturbation items originating from thermal biases and small pressure fields is proposed. This universal model is suitable for substrate with high piezoelectricity and can be applied at either room temperature or high temperature circumstance. The criteria of optimal cuts for SAW pressure sensitivity, i.e., high electromechanical coupling coefficient and low temperature coefficient of delay, are proposed. A thorough investigation in trebly rotated cuts has shown that optimal pressure sensitive crystallographic areas can be obtained. The areas suitable for pressure sensors at room temperature are defined with Euler angles Ω1： φ=0°-0.6°, θ=144.4°-145.8°, ψ =23.2°-24.1°,Ω2： φ=59.4°-61.°, θ=34.2°-36.2°, ψ =24.1°-22.3°,Ω3： φ=119°-120°, θ=143.8°-145.5°, ψ =22.3°-23.5° The areas suitable for pressure sensors at high temperature are defined with Euler angles Ⅰ： φ=8°-30°, θ=24°-36°, ψ =4°-25°Ⅱ： φ=30°-55°, θ=144.4°-158°, ψ =4°-28° A set of experiments employing LGS （0, 150°, 22°） and （0, 90°, 0） has been performed to check the validity of the proposed calculation. The experimental relative sensitivity is in excellent agreement with the theoretical results.

关键词： surface acoustic wave langasite pressure sensitivity high temperature.

An Environment‑Tolerant Ion‑Conducting Double‑Network Composite Hydrogel for High‑Performance Flexible Electronic Devices

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第5期16卷 352-369页

作者： Wenchao Zhao Haifeng Zhou wenkang Li Manlin Chen Min Zhou Long Zhao State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People’s Republic of China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People’s Republic of China

High-performance ion-conducting hydrogels(ICHs)are vital for developing flexible electronic ***,the robustness and ion-conducting behavior of ICHs deteriorate at extreme tempera-tures,hampering their use in soft *** resolve these issues,a method involving freeze–thawing and ionizing radiation technology is reported herein for synthesizing a novel double-network(DN)ICH based on a poly(ionic liquid)/MXene/poly(vinyl alcohol)(PMP DN ICH)*** well-designed ICH exhibits outstanding ionic conductivity(63.89 mS cm^(-1) at 25℃),excellent temperature resistance(-60–80℃),prolonged stability(30 d at ambient temperature),high oxidation resist-ance,remarkable antibacterial activity,decent mechanical performance,and ***,the ICH performs effectively in a flexible wireless strain sensor,thermal sensor,all-solid-state supercapacitor,and single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator,thereby highlighting its viability in constructing soft electronic *** highly integrated gel structure endows these flexible electronic devices with stable,reliable signal output *** particular,the all-solid-state supercapacitor containing the PMP DN ICH electrolyte exhibits a high areal specific capacitance of 253.38 mF cm^(-2)(current density,1 mA cm^(-2))and excellent environmental *** study paves the way for the design and fabrication of high-performance mul-tifunctional/flexible ICHs for wearable sensing,energy-storage,and energy-harvesting applications.

关键词： Ionic liquids Double-network hydrogels Temperature tolerance Multifunctionality Flexible electronic devices

Au23（CR）14 nanocluster restores fibril Aβ's unfolded state with abolished cytotoxicity and dissolves endogenous Aβplaques

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National Science Review 2020年第4期7卷 763-774页

作者： wenkang Zhang Guanbin Gao Zhongjie Ma Zhuoying Luo Meng He Taolei Sun State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Life Science Wuhan University of Technology

The misfolding of amyloid-β（Aβ） peptides from the natural unfolded state to β-sheet structure is a critical step, leading to abnormal fibrillation and formation of endogenous Aβ plaques in Alzheimer's disease（AD）. Previous studies have reported inhibition of Aβ fibrillation or disassembly of exogenous Aβ fibrils in vitro. However, soluble Aβ oligomers have been reported with increased cytotoxicity; this might partly explain why current clinical trials targeting disassembly of Aβ fibrils by anti-Aβ antibodies have failed so *** we show that Au23（CR）14(a new Au nanocluster modified by Cys-Arg（CR） dipeptide) is able to completely dissolve exogenous mature Aβ fibrils into monomers and restore the natural unfolded state of Aβ peptides from misfolded β-sheets. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of Aβ40fibrils when dissolved by Au23（CR）14is fully abolished. More importantly, Au23（CR）14is able to completely dissolve endogenous Aβ plaques in brain slices from transgenic AD model mice. In addition, Au23（CR）14has good biocompatibility and infiltration ability across the blood–brain barrier. Taken together, this work presents a promising therapeutics candidate for AD treatment, and manifests the potential of nanotechnological approaches in the development of nanomedicines.

关键词： gold nanoclusters Alzheimer’s disease restores fibril Aβ’s unfolded state abolished cytotoxicity dissolves endogenous Aβ plaques

Electric Load Clustering in Smart Grid:Methodologies,Applications,and Future Trends

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2021年第2期9卷 237-252页

作者： Caomingzhe Si Shenglan Xu Can Wan Dawei Chen wenkang Cui Junhua Zhao The Chinese University of Hong Kong(Shenzhen) ShenzhenChina the College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang University.Hangzhou.China Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society ShenzhenChina

With the increasingly widespread of advanced metering infrastructure,electric load clustering is becoming more essential for its great potential in analytics of consumers’energy consumption patterns and preference through data ***,a variety of electric load clustering techniques have been put into practice to obtain the distribution of load data,observe the characteristics of load clusters,and classify the components of the total *** can give rise to the development of related techniques and research in the smart grid,such as demand-side *** paper summarizes the basic concepts and the general process in electric load *** similarity measurements and five major categories in electric load clustering are then comprehensively summarized along with their advantages and ***,eight indices widely used to evaluate the validity of electric load clustering are ***,vital applications are discussed thoroughly along with future trends including the tariff design,anomaly detection,load forecasting,data security and big data,etc.

关键词： Electric load clustering similarity measurement clustering technique cluster validity indicator smart grid

Lamb wave sensors array for nonviscous liquid sensing

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2006年第4期49卷 461-472页

作者： CHEN Zhijun HAN Tao JI Xiaojun GUO Huawei SHI wenkang Department of Instrumentation Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Department of Instrumentation Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Department of Instrumentation Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Department of Instrumentation Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Department of Instrumentation Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China

The interdigital transducer (IDT) can excite Lamb wave in a piezoelectric plate loading with a liquid layer, and the phase velocity of Lamb wave is associated with the properties of the liquid layer. In this paper, the concept of effective permittivity is introduced to study the Lamb wave's potential application in liquid sensing. Considering the measuring of ideal nonviscous liquid, the sensors array is designed to sense the density and the dielectric constant of the liquid layer simultaneously. Using LiNbO3 as piezoelectric material, in order to improve the sensors array sensitivity and the electro-mechanical coupling coefficient, the optimized results including plate thicknesses and cut orientations are presented by numerical simulation. These studies show that the Lamb wave sensors array can be potential in liquid sensing.

关键词： Lamb wave sensors array, density, dielectric constant, plate thickness, cut orientation.