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Using an improved lightweight YOLOv8 model for real-time detection of multi-stage apple fruit in complex orchard environments

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN AGRICULTURE 2024年第1期11卷 70-82页

作者： Ma, Baoling Hua, Zhixin wen, Yuchen Deng, Hongxing Zhao, Yongjie Pu, Liuru Song, Huaibo Northwest A&F Univ Coll Mech & Elect Engn Yangling 712100 Shaanxi Peoples R China Minist Agr & Rural Affairs Key Lab Agr Internet Things Yangling 712100 Shaanxi Peoples R China Shaanxi Key Lab Agr Informat Percept & Intelligent Yangling 712100 Shaanxi Peoples R China

For the purpose of monitoring apple fruits effectively throughout the entire growth period in smart orchards. A lightweight model named YOLOv8n-ShuffleNetv2-Ghost-SE was proposed. The ShuffleNetv2 basic modules and down-sampling modules were alternately connected, replacing the Backbone of YOLOv8n model. The Ghost modules replaced the Conv modules and the C2fGhost modules replaced the C2f modules in the Neck part of the YOLOv8n. ShuffleNetv2 reduced the memory access cost through channel splitting operations. The Ghost module combined linear and non-linear convolutions to reduce the network computation cost. The Wise-IoU (WIoU) replaced the CIoU for calculating the bounding box regression loss, which dynamically adjusted the anchor box quality threshold and gradient gain allocation strategy, optimizing the size and position of predicted bounding boxes. The Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) was embedded in the Backbone and Neck part of YOLOv8n to enhance the representation ability of feature maps. The algorithm ensured high precision while having small model size and fast detection speed, which facilitated model migration and deployment. Using 9652 images validated the effectiveness of the model. The YOLOv8n-ShuffleNetv2-Ghost-SE model achieved Precision of 94.1%, Recall of 82.6%, mean Average Precision of 91.4%, model size of 2.6 MB, parameters of 1.18 M, FLOPs of 3.9 G, and detection speed of 39.37 fps. The detection speeds on the Jetson Xavier NX development board were 3.17 fps. Comparisons with advanced models including Faster R-CNN, SSD, YOLOv5s, YOLOv7-tiny, YOLOv8s, YOLOv8n, MobileNetv3_small-Faster, MobileNetv3_small-Ghost, ShuflleNetv2-Faster, ShuflleNetv2-Ghost, ShuflleNetv2-Ghost-CBAM, ShuflleNetv2-Ghost-ECA, and ShuflleNetv2-Ghost-CA demonstrated that the method achieved smaller model and faster detection speed. The research can provide reference for the development of smart devices in apple orchards. (c) 2024 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. o

关键词： Multi-stage apple fruit Deep learning Real-time detection Lightweight model MACHINE

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Ultra-Robust and High-Performance Rotational Triboelectric Nanogenerator by Bearing Charge Pumping

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第2期7卷 343-349页

作者： Xianpeng Fu Yuhan Qin Zhi Zhang Guoxu Liu Jie Cao Beibei Fan Zhaozheng wang Zheng wang Chi Zhang CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and SensorBeijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101400China School of Nanoscience and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Center on Nanoenergy Research School of Physical Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China

As an emerging technology to convert environmental high-entropy energy into electrical energy,triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)has great demands for further enhancing the service lifetime and output performance in practical ***,an ultra-robust and high-performance rotational triboelectric nanogenerator(R-TENG)by bearing charge pumping is *** R-TENG composes of a pumping TENG(P-TENG),an output TENG(O-TENG),a voltage-multiplying circuit(VMC),and a buffer *** P-TENG is designed with freestanding mode based on a rolling ball bearing,which can also act as the rotating mechanical energy *** output low charge from the P-TENG is accumulated and pumped to the non-contact O-TENG,which can simultaneously realize ultralow mechanical wear and high output *** matched instantaneous power of R-TENG is increased by 32 times under 300 r/***,the transferring charge of R-TENG can remain 95%during 15 days(6.4×10^(6)cycles)continuous *** work presents a realizable method to further enhance the durability of TENG,which would facilitate the practical applications of high-performance TENG in harvesting distributed ambient micro mechanical energy.

关键词： bearing charge pumping triboelectric nanogenerators ultralow mechanical wear ultra-robust voltage-multiplying circuit

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Dynamic cooperations between lattice oxygen and oxygen vacancies for photocatalytic ethane dehydrogenation by a self-restoring LaVO_(4)catalyst

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第3期35卷 171-176页

作者： Fen Wei Weichao Xue Zhiyang Yu Xue Feng Lu Sibo wang Wei Lin Xinchen wang State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China

Thermocatalytic nonoxidative ethane dehydrogenation(EDH)is a promising strategy for ethene production but suffers from intense energy consumption and poor catalyst durability;exploring technology that permits efficient EDH by solar energy remains a giant ***,we present that an oxygen vacancy(O_v)-rich LaVO_(4)(LaVO_(4)-O_v)catalyst is highly active and stable for photocatalytic EDH,through a dynamic lattice oxygen(O_(latt.))and O_(v)co-mediated *** by simulated sunlight at mild conditions,LaVO_(4)-O_(v)effectively dehydrogenates undiluted ethane to produce C_(2)H_(4)and CO with a conversion of 2.3%.By loading a small amount of Pt cocatalyst,the evolution and selectivity of C_(2)H_(4)are enhanced to 275μmol h^(-1)g^(-1)and 96.8%.Of note,LaVO_(4)-O_(v)appears nearly no carbon deposition after the *** isotope tracked reactions reveal that the consumed O_(latt.)recuperates by exposing the used catalyst with O_(2),thus establishing a dynamic cycle of O_(latt.)and achieving a facile catalyst regeneration to preserve its intrinsic *** refreshed LaVO_(4)-O_(v)exhibits superior reusability and delivers a turnover number of about *** O_(v)promotes photo absorption,boosts ethane adsorption/activation,and accelerates charge separation/transfer,thus improving the photocatalytic *** possible photocatalytic EDH mechanism is proposed,considering the key intermediates predicted by density functional theory(DFT)and monitored by in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS).

关键词： Photocatalysis Ethane dehydrogenation Ethene LaVO_(4) Oxygen vacancy

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High-strength and thermally stable TiB_(2)-modified Al-Mn-Mg-Er-Zr alloy fabricated via selective laser melting

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第10期31卷 2221-2232页

作者： Jiang Yu Yaoxiang Geng Yongkang Chen Xiao wang Zhijie Zhang Hao Tang Junhua Xu Hongbo Ju Dongpeng wang School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212003China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Institute for Advanced Materials and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China National Engineering Research Center of Near-Net Shape Forming for Metallic Materials Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Processing and Forming of Advanced Metallic MaterialsSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China CEMMPRE-Centre for Mechanical Engineering Materials and Processes Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of CoimbraRua Luís Reis SantosCoimbra 3030-788Portugal

To increase the processability and plasticity of the selective laser melting(SLM)fabricated Al-Mn-Mg-Er-Zr alloys,a novel TiB_(2)-modified Al-Mn-Mg-Er-Zr alloy with a mixture of Al-Mn-Mg-Er-Zr and nano-TiB_(2) powders was fabricated by *** pro-cessability,microstructure,and mechanical properties of the alloy were systematically investigated by density measurement,microstruc-ture characterization,and mechanical properties *** alloys fabricated at 250 W displayed higher relative densities due to a uni-formly smooth top surface and appropriate laser energy *** maximum relative density value of the alloy reached(99.7±0.1)%,demonstrating good *** alloy exhibited a duplex grain microstructure consisting of columnar regions primarily and equiaxed regions with TiB_(2),Al6Mn,and Al3Er phases distributed along the grain *** directly aging treatment at a high tem-perature of 400℃,the strength of the SLM-fabricated TiB_(2)/Al-Mn-Mg-Er-Zr alloy increased due to the precipitation of the secondary Al6Mn *** maximum yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the aging alloy were measured to be(374±1)and(512±13)MPa,*** SLM-fabricated TiB_(2)/Al-Mn-Mg-Er-Zr alloy demonstrates exceptional strength and thermal stability due to the synergistic effects of the inhibition of grain growth,the incorporation of TiB_(2) nanoparticles,and the precipitation of secondary Al6Mn nanoparticles.

关键词： selective laser melting aluminum alloy processability mechanical properties thermal stability

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Simulation of nuclear isomer production in laser-induced plasma

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第5期9卷 1-9页

作者： Zhiguo Ma Yumiao wang Yi yang Youjing wang Kai Zhao Yixin Li Changbo Fu Wanbing He Yugang Ma Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-Beam Application(MoE) Institute of Modern PhysicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

Nuclear isomers play essential roles in various fields,including stellar nucleosynthesis,nuclear clocks,nuclear batteries,clean nuclear energy,and-ray *** technological advances in high-intensity lasers have made it possible to excite or de-excite nuclear isomers using table-top laser *** a particle-in-cell code,we investigate the interaction of a laser with a nanowire array and calculate the production rates of the^(73m)Ge(E_(1)=13.3 keV)and^(107m)Ag(E_(1)=93.1 keV)***^(73m1)Ge,production by Coulomb excitation is found to contribute a peak efficiency of 1.0×10^(19) particles s^(−1)J^(−1),while nuclear excitation by electron capture(NEEC)contributes a peak of 1.65×10^(11)particles s^(−1)J^(−1).These results indicate a high isomeric production ratio,as well as demonstrating the potential for confirming the existence of NEEC,a long-expected but so far experimentally unobserved fundamental process.

关键词： process. isomers excitation

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Unveiling evapotranspiration patterns and energy balance in a subalpine forest of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau:observations and analysis from an eddy covariance system

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 175-188页

作者： Niu Zhu Jinniu wang Dongliang Luo Xufeng wang Cheng Shen Ning Wu Ning Zhang Binghui Tian Aihong Gai Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041People's Republic of China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou 730070People's Republic of China Mangkang Ecological Monitoring Station Tibet Ecological Security Barrier Ecological Monitoring NetworkQamdo 854500People's Republic of China Northwest Institute of Eco Environmental Resources Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000People's Republic of China

Evapotranspiration is an important parameter used to characterize the water cycle of *** under-stand the properties of the evapotranspiration and energy balance of a subalpine forest in the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,an open-path eddy covariance system was set up to monitor the forest from November 2020 to October 2021 in a core area of the Three Parallel Rivers in the Qing-hai-Tibet *** results show that the evapotranspira-tion peaked daily,the maximum occurring between 11:00 and 15:*** factors had significant effects on evapotranspiration,among them,net radiation the greatest(R^(2)=0.487),and relative humidity the least(R^(2)=0.001).The energy flux varied considerably in different seasons and sensible heat flux accounted for the main part of turbulent *** energy balance ratio in the dormant season was less than that in the growing season,and there is an energy imbalance at the site on an annual time scale.

关键词： Evapotranspiration Energy balance Subalpine forest Three Parallel Rivers region Southeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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High-safety and high-voltage lithium metal batteries enabled by nonflammable diluted highly concentrated electrolyte

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2638-2645页

作者： Han Zhang Ziqi Zeng Shuping wang Yuanke Wu Changhao Li Mengchuang Liu Xinlan wang Shijie Cheng Jia Xie State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die&Mould Technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China State Grid Anhui Electric Power Research Institute Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Electric Fire and Safety Protection(State Grid Laboratory of Fire Protection for Transmission and Distribution Facilities)Hefei 230601China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)show great promise for achieving energy densities over 400 Wh·kg^(-1).However,highly flammable organic electrolytes are a long-lasting problem that triggers safety hazards and hinders the commercial application of ***,a nonflammable diluted highly concentrated electrolyte(DHCE)with ethoxy(pentafluoro)cyclotriphosphazene(PFPN)as a diluent is developed to simultaneously achieve high safety and cycling stability of high-voltage *** optimal DHCE not only ensures reversible Li deposition/dissolution behavior with a superior average Coulombic efficiency(CE)over 99.1%on lithium metal anode(LMA),but also suppresses side reactions and stress crack on the LiCoO_(2)(LCO)under high cut-off *** newly developed DHCE exhibits high thermal stability,showing complete nonflammability and reduced heat generation between the electrolyte and delithiated LCO/cycled *** work offers an opportunity for rational designing nonflammable electrolytes toward high-voltage and safe LMBs.

关键词： lithium metal batteries thermal stability nonflammable electrolyte high-voltage phosphazene

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Glutamate oxidase-integrated biomimetic Fe_(3)O_(4) hybrids as cascade nanozymes for glutamate detection

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Particuology 2024年第5期88卷 192-200页

作者： Peikun Li yanchao wang Xiuyan Luo Zixin Geng Jiahui Jia Ruirui wang Jiandong Cui Hongjie Bian Shiru Jia State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation MicrobiologyMinistry of EducationTianjin University of Science and TechnologyTianjin300457China Sports Department Hebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhang050000China Research Center for Fermentation Engineering of Hebei College of Bioscience and BioengineeringHebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhang050000China

Herein,a new nanozyme/natural enzyme hybrid biosensor was established for ultrasensitive l-glutamic acid(L-Glu)*** Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles with peroxidase-like activity and stability was used as a nanozyme and carrier for immobilizing l-Glutamate oxidase(GLOD)through Schiffff base reaction to construct a chem-enzyme cascade *** resultant Fe_(3)O_(4)-GOLD exhibited a wide linear range(10−500μM)and a low detection limit of 6.03μM for L-Glu ***,the Fe_(3)O_(4)-GOLD exhibited excellent pH stability,thermal stability,reusability and storage *** repeated nine cycles,Fe_(3)O_(4)-GOLD still retained 70%of its initial ***,Fe_(3)O_(4)-GOLD maintained 50%of its initial activity after storage for 20 days,while free GLOD only retained 20%of its initial *** strategy of integrating biomimetic Fe 3 O4 and natural enzymes for cascade catalysis makes it possible to design an efficient and stable chemo-enzyme composite catalysts,which are promising for applications in biosensing and biomimetic catalysis.

关键词： Fe_(3)O_(4) nanozyme GLOD Chemo-enzymes Glutamate detection

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考虑墩-梁碰撞效应的大跨高墩连续刚构桥近断层地震损伤分析

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应用基础与工程科学学报 2024年第4期32卷 1140-1153页

作者：石岩焦应乾李军王文仙王瑞兰州理工大学土木工程学院甘肃兰州730050 北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院北京100044

为研究连续刚构桥的主梁与过渡墩(墩-梁)地震碰撞效应对其地震反应和损伤的影响,以一座跨径为(120+220+120)m的连续刚构桥为例,基于MIDAS/Civil软件模拟实际施工过程并获得成桥内力状态,而后在OpenSees平台建立考虑该内力状态的动力弹... 详细信息

为研究连续刚构桥的主梁与过渡墩(墩-梁)地震碰撞效应对其地震反应和损伤的影响,以一座跨径为(120+220+120)m的连续刚构桥为例,基于MIDAS/Civil软件模拟实际施工过程并获得成桥内力状态,而后在OpenSees平台建立考虑该内力状态的动力弹塑性分析模型,同时采用Hertz-damp模型,着重考虑包括墩-梁碰撞在内的伸缩缝处的碰撞效应.选取具有向前方向性效应、滑冲效应和无速度脉冲效应的30条近断层地震动沿纵桥向输入,探讨了考虑墩-梁碰撞效应对桥墩峰值位移、残余位移、碰撞力及地震损伤的影响,以及不同类型近断层地震动作用下的差异性.结果表明:由于过渡墩处主桥与引桥梁体底面不在同一高程,强震下主桥梁体不仅与引桥梁体发生碰撞,还会与过渡墩发生碰撞;若忽略过渡墩与主桥梁体的碰撞效应会严重低估过渡墩的位移反应,尤其在向前方向性、滑冲效应地震动下过渡墩的位移反应分别被低估近3倍和5倍;其中滑冲效应作用下的影响最为显著,主桥和引桥墩均为中等损伤,过渡墩为严重损伤,不考虑墩-梁碰撞会导致对过渡墩地震损伤程度和震后残余位移的错误判断.

关键词：连续刚构桥碰撞效应近断层地震动内力状态损伤分析地震反应数值分析

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L-theanine/α-Ketoglutarate/Nrf2 axis promotes exercise-mediated amelioration of NASH in mice

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： wang-Jing Mu Min Chen Jie-Ying Zhu Hong-yang Luo yang Li Shan Li Lin-jing yan Ruo-ying Li Liang Guo School of Exercise and Health and Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Public Health， Shanghai University of Sport Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health， Shanghai University of Sport Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of the Ministry of Education， Shanghai University of Sport

L-Theanine (LTA) is a non-protein amino acid mainly found in tea plants with many beneficial effects. Exercise exerts a wide range of benefits in metabolic health. Here， we show that exercise or gastric lavage intervention on mice with LTA improves diet-induced NASH in mice. Meanwhile， combinatory therapy shows that exercise and LTA synergistically improve obesity-related metabolic disorders and NASH phenotypes， including hepatic steatosis， inflammation， cell death and oxidative stress. In vivo studies indicate that LTA inhibits free fatty acid (FFA)-induced hepatocyte injury， including steatosis， oxidative stress and apoptosis. Knockdown of Nrf2 blunts the role of LTA in inhibiting FFA-induced hepatocyte oxidative stress and dysfunction. Mechanistically， LTA increases the α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) level in hepatocytes， which increases the transcription of Nrf2 by inducing active DNA demethylation on its promoter. Moreover， LTA promote the above α-KG/Nrf2 axis in synergy with exercise， thereby more efficiently inhibiting hepatic oxidative stress and ameliorating diet-induced NASH in mice. Our results suggest that， through promoting the α-KG/Nrf2 axis-mediated anti-oxidative pathway， the combination of LTA and exercise may provide an effective measure for the prevention and control of NASH.

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