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Diet and monensin influence the temporal dynamics of the rumen microbiome in stocker and finishing cattle

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 733-748页

作者： Jianmin chai Caleb P.Weiss Paul A.Beck Wei zhao Ying Li Jiangchao zhao Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding College of Life Science and EngineeringFoshan UniversityFoshanChina Division of Agriculture Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA Department of Animal and Food Sciences Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100193China

Background Stocker cattle diet and management influence beef cattle performance during the finishing stage,but knowledge of the dynamics of the rumen microbiome associated with the host are lacking.A longitudinal study was conducted to determine how the feeding strategy from the stocker to the finishing stages of production affects the temporal dynamics of rumen microbiota.During the stocker phase,either dry hay or wheat pasture were provided,and three levels of monensin were administrated.All calves were then transported to a feedlot and received similar finishing diets with or without monensin.Rumen microbial samples were collected on d 0,28,85 during the stocker stage(S0,S28 and S85)and d 0,14,28,56,30 d before slaughter and the end of the trial during the finishing stage(F0,F14,F28,F56,Pre-Ba,and Final).The V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene of 263 rumen samples was sequenced.Results Higher alpha diversity,including the number of observed bacterial features and the Shannon index,was observed in the stocker phase compared to the finishing phase.The bacterial amplicon sequence variants(ASVs)differentiating different sampling time points were identified.Dietary treatments during the stocker stage temporally impact the dynamics of rumen microbiota.For example,shared bacteria,including Bacteroidales(ASV19)and Streptococcus infantarius(ASV94),were significantly higher in hay rumen on S28,S85,and F0,while Bacteroidaceae(ASV11)and Limivicinus(ASV15)were more abundant in wheat.Monensin affected rumen microbial composition at a specific time.Transportation to feedlot significantly influenced microbiome structure and diversity in hay-fed calves.Bacterial taxa associated with body weight were classified,and core microbiotas interacted with each other during the trial.Conclusions In summary,the temporal dynamics of the rumen microbiome in cattle at the stocker and finishing stage are influenced by multiple factors of the feeding strategy.Diet at the stocker phase may temporarily affect the microbial composition duri

关键词： Beef cattle Diet Feedlot phase Monensin Next-generation sequencing Rumen microbiota Stocker

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Robust, breathable, and chemical-resistant polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films achieved by novel in-situ fibrillation strategy for highperformance triboelectric nanogenerators

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 1942-1951页

作者： Jialong chai Guilong Wang Jinchuan zhao Guizhen Wang Chao Wei Aimin Zhang Guoqun zhao Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials(Ministry of Education) Shandong UniversityJinan 250061China Key Laboratory of Chinese Education Ministry for Tropical Biological Resources Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China

In the era of advanced wearable electronic devices,the triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)as energy harvesting and self-powered sensing units hold great promise.Selecting appropriate triboelectric material is the crucial factor to optimize the performance of TENG,while polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)stands out as a highly versatile option among the various materials.In this study,we present an ultrafine nanofibrous PTFE(NF-PTFE)films prepared by novel in-situ fibrillation strategy as the triboelectric material in TENG devices.The innovative processing methodology facilely addresses the dilemma between high porosity and fine pore size of traditional porous PTFE films,meanwhile achieves exceptional mechanical strength,hydrophobicity,air permeability,and chemical resistance of the films.With the integration of nanofibrous PTFE films into contact-separation mode TENG and droplet-based TENG,these devices realize the peak electrical output of 131 V/10.8μA and 54 V/14μA with great durability,which surpass the performance of TENGs using traditional expanded PTFE films.Furthermore,a smart glove capable of recognizing hand gestures is proposed,which demonstrates the versatility,flexibility,and practicality of this material for potential use in smart devices.This reported NF-PTFE film provides insights for the design of high-performance TENG device for advanced wearable electrical applications.

关键词： polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) nanofibrous film hydrophobic triboelectric nanogenerator self-powered sensor

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Cooperative UAV search strategy based on DMPC-AACO algorithm in restricted communication scenarios

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 295-311页

作者： Shiyuan chai Zhen Yang Jichuan Huang Xiaoyang Li Yiyang zhao Deyun Zhou School of Electronics and Information Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China The 93147th Unit of Chinese PLA Air Force Chengdu610091China

Improvement of integrated battlefield situational awareness in complex environments involving dynamic factors such as restricted communications and electromagnetic interference(EMI)has become a contentious research problem.In certain mission environments,due to the impact of many interference sources on real-time communication or mission requirements such as the need to implement communication regulations,the mission stages are represented as a dynamic combination of several communication-available and communication-unavailable stages.Furthermore,the data interaction between unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)can only be performed in specific communication-available stages.Traditional cooperative search algorithms cannot handle such situations well.To solve this problem,this study constructed a distributed model predictive control(DMPC)architecture for a collaborative control of UAVs and used the Voronoi diagram generation method to re-plan the search areas of all UAVs in real time to avoid repetition of search areas and UAV collisions while improving the search efficiency and safety factor.An attention mechanism ant-colony optimization(AACO)algorithm is proposed for UAV search-control decision planning.The search strategy is adaptively updated by introducing an attention mechanism for regular instruction information,a priori information,and emergent information of the mission to satisfy different search expectations to the maximum extent.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves better search performance than traditional algorithms in restricted communication constraint scenarios.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV) Cooperative search Restricted communication Mission planning DMPC-AACO

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BMSC-derived Exosomes Ameliorate Peritoneal Dialysis-associated Peritoneal Fibrosis via the Mir-27a-3p/TP53 Pathway

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Current Medical Science 2024年第2期44卷 333-345页

作者： Jun-li zhao Lin zhao Qiu-nan ZHAN Miao LIU Ting ZHANG wen-wen CHU Department of Nephrology Shanghai University of Medicine&Health Sciences Ailiated Zhoupu HospitalShanghai 201318China Orthopedic Department Guangming Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Pudong New AreaShanghai 201399China

Objective:Peritoneal fibrosis(PF)is the main cause of declining efficiency and ultrafiltration failure of the peritoneum,which restricts the long-term application of peritoneal dialysis(PD).This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes(BMSC-Exos)on PF in response to PD.Methods:Small RNA sequencing analysis of BMSC-Exos was performed by second-generation sequencing.C57BL/6J mice were infused with 4.25%glucose-based peritoneal dialysis fluid(PDF)for 6 consecutive weeks to establish a PF model.A total of 36 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups:control group,1.5%PDF group,2.5%PDF group,4.25%PDF group,BMSC-Exos treatment group,and BMSC-Exos+TP53 treatment group.Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)was performed to measure the expression level of miR-27a-3p in BMSC-Exos and peritoneum of mice treated with different concentrations of PDF.HE and Masson staining were performed to evaluate the extent of PF.The therapeutic potential of BMSC-Exos for PF was examined through pathological examination,RT-qPCR,Western blotting,and peritoneal function analyses.Epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)of HMrSV5 was induced with 4.25%PDF.Cells were divided into control group,4.25%PDF group,BMSC-Exos treatment group,and BMSC-Exos+TP53 treatment group.Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to measure cell viability,and transwell migration assay was used to verify the capacity of BMSC-Exos to inhibit EMT in HMrSV5 cells.Results:Small RNA sequencing analysis showed that miR-27a-3p was highly expressed in BMSC-derived exosomes compared to BMSCs.The RT-qPCR results showed that the expression of miR-27a-3p was upregulated in BMSC-Exos,but decreased in PD mice.We found that PF was glucose concentration-dependently enhanced in the peritoneum of the PD mice.Compared with the control mice,the PD mice showed high solute transport and decreased ultrafiltration volume as well as an obvious fibroproliferative response,with markedly increas

关键词： peritoneal fibrosis bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes miR-27a-3p TP53 epithelialmesenchymal transition

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A Cyclic Constitutive Model Based on Crystal Plasticity for Body-Centered Cubic Cyclic Softening Metals

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2024年第1期37卷 33-42页

作者： Xuehong Ren wenjie zhao Shaopu Yang Guilin wen State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China School of Mechanical Engineering Tianjin Sino-German University of Applied SciencesTianjin 300350China State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior in Traffic Engineering Structure and System Safety Shijiazhuang Tiedao UniversityShijiazhuang 050043China

Under the framework of the small deformation crystal plasticity theory,a crystal plastic cyclic constitutive model for body-centered cubic(BCC)cyclic softening polycrystalline metals is established.The constitutive model introduces the isotropic softening rule that includes two different mechanisms:namely softening under monotonic deformation and softening under cyclic deformation on each slip system.Meanwhile,a modified Armstrong-Frederick nonlinear kinematic hardening rule is adopted.The appropriate explicit scale transition rule is selected to extend the single crystal constitutive model to the polycrystalline constitutive model.Then the model is used to predict the uniaxial and multiaxial ratcheting deformation of BCC axle steel EA4T to verify the rationality of the proposed model.The simulation results indicate that the newly established crystal plasticity model can not only describe the cyclic softening characteristics of BCC axle steel EA4T well,but also reasonably describe the evolution laws of uniaxial ratcheting and nonproportional multiaxial ratcheting deformation.Moreover,the established crystal plastic cyclic constitutive model can reasonably predict the ratcheting behavior of BCC single crystal as well.

关键词： Crystal plasticity Constitutive model Softening Ratcheting

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The Multi-parameter Test of Gravitational Wave Dispersion with Principal Component Analysis

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第5期24卷 140-150页

作者： Zhi-Chu Ma Rui Niu wen zhao CAS Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Department of AstronomyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

In this work, we consider a conventional test of gravitational wave(GW) propagation which is based on the phenomenological parameterized dispersion relation to describe potential departures from General Relativity(GR)along the propagation of GWs. But different from tests conventionally performed previously, we vary multiple deformation coefficients simultaneously and employ the principal component analysis(PCA) method to remedy the strong degeneracy among deformation coefficients and obtain informative posteriors. The dominant PCA components can be better measured and constrained, and thus are expected to be more sensitive to potential departures from the waveform model. Using this method we analyze ten selected events and get the result that the combined posteriors of the dominant PCA parameters are consistent with GR within 99.7% credible intervals. The standard deviation of the first dominant PCA parameter is three times smaller than that of the original dispersion parameter of the leading order. However, the multi-parameter test with PCA is more sensitive to not only potential deviations from GR but also systematic errors of waveform models. The difference in results obtained by using different waveform templates hints that the demands of waveform accuracy are higher to perform the multiparameter test with PCA. Whereas, it cannot be strictly proven that the deviation is indeed and only induced by systematic errors. It requires more thorough research in the future to exclude other possible reasons in parameter estimation and data processing.

关键词： gravitational waves-gravitation-black hole physics

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Regulating ion transport behaviors toward dendrite-free potassium metal batteries:recent advances and perspectives

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Rare Metals 2024年第4期43卷 1435-1460页

作者： Lu-Kang zhao Xuan-wen Gao Tian-Zhen Ren Da Wang Da-Wei Wang zhao-Meng Liu Hong Chen wen-Bin Luo School of Metallurgy Northeastern University School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales

With abundant potassium resources and high capacity,potassium metal batteries（PMBs） present a compelling option for the next generation of energy storage technology.However,PMBs suffer from an unstable anode interface caused by uncontrolled dendrite growth,which results in unsatisfactory cyclability and safety concerns.Extensive investigations suggest that significant progress has been made in enhancing the interfacial stability of PMBs.The various effective strategies for stabilizing interfaces can ultimately be attributed to the regulation of the sluggish ion transfer kinetics and irregular deposition,i.e.,the arrangement of ion transport behaviors at the interface.Rational modulation of ions transport rate and ions deposition directions makes it possible to obtain a dendrite-free and smooth deposition plane.Herein,the influencing factors and action mechanism of K+interface transport behaviors are discussed to understand the nature of material design for constructing stable anode interfaces,including regulating the solvation and desolvation structures,accelerating K+transport kinetics and controlling K+deposition direction.In addition,the deficiencies and prospects of the research on electrolyte,separators and designed electrode involved in the manufacturing and testing and ion transport process of PMBs are discussed.This review is expected to provide some possible directions for constructing dendrite-free interfaces in advanced PMBs-related research and offer significant insights for prospective experimental research and commercial applications.

关键词： Ion transport rate Ion transport direction Interface Potassium metal batteries Dendrites growth

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Chord length sampling correction analysis for dispersion fuel in Monte Carlo simulation

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第4期35卷 57-64页

作者： zhao-Yu Liang Ding She Yu-Tong wen Lei Shi Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology(INET) Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of EducationTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Dispersion fuels,knowned for their excellent safety performance,are widely used in advanced reactors,such as hightemperature gas-cooled reactors.Compared with deterministic methods,the Monte Carlo method has more advantages in the geometric modeling of stochastic media.The explicit modeling method has high computational accuracy and high computational cost.The chord length sampling(CLS)method can improve computational efficiency by sampling the chord length during neutron transport using the matrix chord length?s probability density function.This study shows that the excluded-volume effect in realistic stochastic media can introduce certain deviations into the CLS.A chord length correction approach is proposed to obtain the chord length correction factor by developing the Particle code based on equivalent transmission probability.Through numerical analysis against reference solutions from explicit modeling in the RMC code,it was demonstrated that CLS with the proposed correction method provides good accuracy for addressing the excludedvolume effect in realistic infinite stochastic media.

关键词： Stochastic media Monte Carlo Chord length sampling Excluded-volume effect Chord length correction

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Grain yield and N uptake of maize in response to increased plant density under reduced water and nitrogen supply conditions

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第1期23卷 122-140页

作者： Jingui Wei Qiang chai wen Yin Hong Fan Yao Guo Falong Hu Zhilong Fan QimingWang State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science Lanzhou 730070China College of Agronomy Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou 730070China College of Life Sciences Northwest Normal UniversityLanzhou 730070China

The development of modern agriculture requires the reduction of water and chemical N fertilizer inputs.Increasing the planting density can maintain higher yields,but also consumes more of these restrictive resources.However,whether an increased maize density can compensate for the negative effects of reduced water and N supply on grain yield and N uptake in the arid irrigated areas remains unknown.This study is part of a long-term positioning trial that started in 2016.A split-split plot field experiment of maize was implemented in the arid irrigated area of northwestern China in 2020 to 2021.The treatments included two irrigation levels:local conventional irrigation reduced by 20%(W1,3,240 m^(3)ha^(-1))and local conventional irrigation(W2,4,050 m^(3)ha^(-1));two N application rates:local conventional N reduced by 25%(N1,270 kg ha^(-1))and local conventional N(360 kg ha^(-1));and three planting densities:local conventional density(D1,75,000 plants ha^(-1)),density increased by 30%(D2,97,500 plants ha-1),and density increased by 60%(D3,120,000 plants ha^(-1)).Our results showed that the grain yield and aboveground N accumulation of maize were lower under the reduced water and N inputs,but increasing the maize density by 30% can compensate for the reductions of grain yield and aboveground N accumulation caused by the reduced water and N supply.When water was reduced while the N application rate remained unchanged,increasing the planting density by 30% enhanced grain yield by 13.9% and aboveground N accumulation by 15.3%.Under reduced water and N inputs,increasing the maize density by 30% enhanced N uptake efficiency and N partial factor productivity,and it also compensated for the N harvest index and N metabolic related enzyme activities.Compared with W2N2D1,the N uptake efficiency and N partial factor productivity increased by 28.6 and 17.6%under W1N1D2.W1N2D2 had 8.4% higher N uptake efficiency and 13.9% higher N partial factor productivity than W2N2D1.W1N2D2 improved urease activity and nitrate reductase activit

关键词： water and N reduction plant density maize grain yield N uptake compensation effect

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Artificial intelligence-assisted repair of peripheral nerve injury: a new research hotspot and associated challenges

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 663-670页

作者： Yang Guo Liying Sun wenyao Zhong Nan Zhang Zongxuan zhao wen Tian Department of Hand Surgery Beijing Jishuitan HospitalBeijingChina

Artificial intelligence can be indirectly applied to the repair of peripheral nerve injury.Specifically,it can be used to analyze and process data regarding peripheral nerve injury and repair,while study findings on peripheral nerve injury and repair can provide valuable data to enrich artificial intelligence algorithms.To investigate advances in the use of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis,rehabilitation,and scientific examination of peripheral nerve injury,we used CiteSpace and VOSviewer software to analyze the relevant literature included in the Web of Science from 1994–2023.We identified the following research hotspots in peripheral nerve injury and repair:(1)diagnosis,classification,and prognostic assessment of peripheral nerve injury using neuroimaging and artificial intelligence techniques,such as corneal confocal microscopy and coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy;(2)motion control and rehabilitation following peripheral nerve injury using artificial neural networks and machine learning algorithms,such as wearable devices and assisted wheelchair systems;(3)improving the accuracy and effectiveness of peripheral nerve electrical stimulation therapy using artificial intelligence techniques combined with deep learning,such as implantable peripheral nerve interfaces;(4)the application of artificial intelligence technology to brain-machine interfaces for disabled patients and those with reduced mobility,enabling them to control devices such as networked hand prostheses;(5)artificial intelligence robots that can replace doctors in certain procedures during surgery or rehabilitation,thereby reducing surgical risk and complications,and facilitating postoperative recovery.Although artificial intelligence has shown many benefits and potential applications in peripheral nerve injury and repair,there are some limitations to this technology,such as the consequences of missing or imbalanced data,low data accuracy and reproducibility,and ethical issues(e.g.,privacy,data security,research transparency).Future re

关键词： artificial intelligence artificial prosthesis medical-industrial integration brain-machine interface deep learning machine learning networked hand prosthesis neural interface neural network neural regeneration peripheral nerve

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