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Peripheral mitochondrial DNA as a neuroinflammatory biomarker for major depressive disorder

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1541-1554页

作者： Jinmei Ye cong Duan Jiaxin Han Jinrong chen Ning Sun Yuan Li Tifei Yuan Daihui Peng Division of Mood Disorder Shanghai Mental Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Psychiatry First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxi ProvinceChina Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders Brain Health InstituteNational Center for Mental DisordersShanghai Mental Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina

In the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder, chronic stress-related neuroinflammation hinders favorable prognosis and antidepressant response. Mitochondrial DNA may be an inflammatory trigger, after its release from stress-induced dysfunctional central nervous system mitochondria into peripheral circulation. This evidence supports the potential use of peripheral mitochondrial DNA as a neuroinflammatory biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of major depressive disorder. Herein, we critically review the neuroinflammation theory in major depressive disorder, providing compelling evidence that mitochondrial DNA release acts as a critical biological substrate, and that it constitutes the neuroinflammatory disease pathway. After its release, mitochondrial DNA can be carried in the exosomes and transported to extracellular spaces in the central nervous system and peripheral circulation. Detectable exosomes render encaged mitochondrial DNA relatively stable. This mitochondrial DNA in peripheral circulation can thus be directly detected in clinical practice. These characteristics illustrate the potential for mitochondrial DNA to serve as an innovative clinical biomarker and molecular treatment target for major depressive disorder. This review also highlights the future potential value of clinical applications combining mitochondrial DNA with a panel of other biomarkers, to improve diagnostic precision in major depressive disorder.

关键词： biomarker cytokine exosomes inflammasome major depressive disorder microglia mitochondrial DNA mitochondrial dysfunction neuroinflammation Toll-like receptor

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Evaluation of the shear stability of aerobic granular sludge from a pilot-scale membrane bioreactor:Establishment of a quantitative method

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第2期148卷 579-590页

作者： Biao Yang Bingduo Wang Liying Bin Weirui chen Xinyi chen Ping Li Shanglong wen Shaosong Huang Zhiqi Zhang Bing Tang School of Environmental Science and Engineering Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Guangdong Guangshen Environmental Protection Technology Co. Ltd.Guangzhou 510663China Guangdong Yuehai Water Investment Co. Ltd.Shenzhen 518000China

This work established a quantitative method to access the shear stability of aerobic granular sludge(AGS)and validated its feasibility by using the mature AGS from a pilot-scale(50 tons/day)membrane bioreactor(MBR)for treating real municipal *** results showed that the changing rate( S)of the peak area(S)of granule size distribution(GSD)exhibited an exponential relationship(R^(2)≥0.76)with the shear time(y=a−b·cx),which was a suitable indicative index to reflect the shear stability of different AGS *** limiting granule size(LGS)was defined and proposed to characterize the equilibrium size for AGS after being sheared for a period of time,whose value in terms of Dv50 showed high correlation(R^(2)=0.92)with the parameter *** free Ca^(2+)(28.44-34.21 mg/L)in the influent specifically interacted with polysaccharides(PS)in the granule’s extracellular polymeric substance(EPS)as a nucleation site,thereby inducing the formation of Ca precipitation to enhance its Young’s modulus,while Ca2+primarily interacted with PS in soluble metabolic product(SMP)during the initial granulation ***,the Young’s modulus significantly affected the parameter a related to shear stability(R^(2)=0.99).Since the parameter a was more closely related(R^(2)=1.00)to S than that of the parameter b or c,the excellent correlation(R^(2)=0.99)between the parameter a and the wet density further verified the feasibility of this method.

关键词： Shear stability Quantitative evaluation Aerobic granular sludge Membrane bioreactor Pilot-scale study Municipal wastewater

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A cross-sectional study of the association between dietary inflammatory index and glaucoma prevalence in a US population

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2025年第1期18卷 139-145页

作者： wen-Li chen Li-Xia Zhang Department of Ophthalmology Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Affiliated Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineWenzhou 325000Zhejiang ProvinceChina Eye Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100040China

AIM:To assess the relationship between dietary inflammatory index(DII)and prevalence of glaucoma among individuals aged 40y and above in the United ***:Participants were drawn from 2 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES,2005-2008)for a cross-sectional *** was calculated from 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire conducted by experienced researchers and data analyzed in R according to the NHANES user guide,“Stratified Multi-stage Probability Sampling”.The relationship between DII and glaucoma was evaluated by multi-factor logistic regression analysis and the existence of a non-linear association examined by restricted cubic spline(RCS)***:A total of 5359 subjects were included and the cross-sectional analysis weighted to represent the US population of 109 *** was elevated in glaucoma patients(P<0.001)and smoking and alcohol use contributed to significant differences(P<0.001).DII correlated negatively with Healthy Eating Index(HEI)-2015(Spearman rank correlation coefficient,r=-0.49).RCS analysis showed a linear relationship between DII and glaucoma risk(P of non-linear relationship=0.575).CONCLUSION:An increased DII is strongly associated with high risk of glaucoma and diet-induced inflammation should be controlled to delay glaucoma progression.

关键词： glaucoma risk factors dietar y inflammatory index National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey restricted cubic spline regression cross-sectional study

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Two-dimensional lateral magnetic tunnel junction with ultrahigh tunneling magnetoresistance

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Nano Research 2025年第2期18卷 958-964页

作者： Qiu-Qiu Li Zhi-Fu Duan wen-wen Liu Rong Yang Bo Li Ke-Qiu chen Changsha Semiconductor Technology and Application Innovation Research Institute College of Semiconductors(College of Integrated Circuits)Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Department of Applied Physics School of Physics and ElectronicsHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Research Institute of Hunan University in Chongqing Chongqing 401120China Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University Shenzhen 518063China

Giant tunneling magnetoresistance(TMR)has always been a pursuit in the research of magnetic tunnel junctions(MTJ).Two-dimensional(2D)magnetic materials have been used to construct lateral MTJ with high *** we investigated the crystal structure and magnetic property of CrSI monolayer,and found that it is a ferromagnetic semiconductor with a Curie temperature of about 180 *** CrSI monolayer with Li adsorption(Li-CrSI)show ferromagnetic half-metallic with a high Curie temperature of 300 *** we designed a lateral Li CrSI/CrSI/Li-CrSI monolayer *** TMR of the MTJs along b transport direction is 3 orders of magnitude times larger than that of the a transport direction,which should result from the different spin filtering ability along the two *** TMR of b transport direction in the MTJ is 7.67×10^(14),which is significantly higher than that of any reported lateral MTJs based on 2D *** results provide a promising avenue for designing lateral MTJs with giant TMR and high Curie temperature.

关键词： two-dimensional materials magnetic tunnel junctions CrSI monolayer tunneling magnetoresistance Li atom adsorption

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Mesospheric tide comparisons at low latitudes observed by two collocated meteor radars

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第1期9卷 54-68页

作者： Jian Li wen Yi XiangHui Xue Jie Zeng HaiLun Ye JianYuan Wang JinSong chen Na Li TingDi chen Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment Department of Geophysics and Planetary SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology Anhui Mengcheng Geophysics National Observation and Research StationUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Collaborative Innovation Center of Astronautical Science and Technology Harbin 150001China National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment China Research Institute of Radiowave PropagationQingdao 266107China Yunnan Kunming Electromagnetic Environment National Observation and Research Station Qujing Kunming 655000China

Accurate knowledge of mesospheric winds and waves is essential for studying the dynamics and climate in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere(MLT)*** this study,we conduct a comparative analysis of the mesosphere tidal results obtained from two adjacent meteor radars at low latitudes in Kunming,China,from November 2013 to December *** two radars operate at different frequencies of 37.5 MHz and 53.1 MHz,***,overall good agreement is observed between the two radars in terms of horizontal winds and tide *** results show that the dominant tidal waves of the zonal and meridional winds are diurnal and semidiurnal ***,we conduct an exhaustive statistical analysis to compare the tidal amplitudes and vertical wavelengths recorded by the dual radar systems,which reveals a high degree of alignment in tidal *** investigation includes variances and covariances of tidal amplitudes,which demonstrate remarkable consistency across measurements from both *** finding highlights clear uniformity in the mesospheric tidal patterns observed at low latitudes by the two neighboring meteor *** of the comparative analysis specifically underscore the significant correlation in vertical wavelength measurements,validating the robustness of radar observations for tidal research.

关键词： mesosphere and lower thermosphere region meteor radar mesospheric winds tides

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Zhongfeng Xingnao Liquid ameliorates post-stroke cognitive impairment through sirtuin1(SIRT1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1(HO-1) pathway

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2025年第1期23卷 77-89页

作者： wenqin Yang wen wen Hao chen Haijun Zhang Yun Lu Ping Wang Shijun Xu State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine School of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Emergency Department Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

The activation of the sirtuin1(SIRT1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1(HO-1) pathway has been shown to mitigate oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial damage by reducing reactive oxygen species(ROS) levels. Clinical trials have demonstrated that Zhongfeng Xingnao Liquid(ZFXN) ameliorates post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI). However, the underlying mechanism, particularly whether it involves protecting mitochondria and inhibiting apoptosis through the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, remains unclear. This study employed an oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD) cell model using SHSY5Y cells and induced PSCI in rats through modified bilateral carotid artery ligation(2VO).The effects of ZFXN on learning and memory, neuroprotective activity, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway were evaluated both in vivo and in vitro. Results indicated that ZFXN significantly increased the B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl2)/Bcl2-associated X(Bax) ratio, reduced terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d UTP nickend-labeling(TUNEL)+ cells, and markedly improved cognition, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal function in the hippocampus and cortex. Furthermore, ZFXN exhibited potent antioxidant activity, evidenced by decreased ROS and malondialdehyde(MDA) content and increased superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), and glutathione(GSH) levels. ZFXN also demonstrated considerable enhancement of mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP), Tom 20 fluorescence intensity, adenosine triphosphate(ATP) and energy charge(EC) levels, and mitochondrial complex Ⅰ and Ⅲ activity, thereby inhibiting mitochondrial damage. Additionally,ZFXN significantly increased SIRT1 activity and elevated SIRT1, nuclear Nrf2, and HO-1 ***, these effects were substantially counteracted when SIRT1 was suppressed by the inhibitor EX-527 in vitro. In conclusion, ZFXN alleviates PSCI by activating the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and preventing mitochond

关键词： Apoptosis Mitochondrial function Oxidative stress Post-stroke cognitive impairment Sirtuin1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 pathway Zhongfeng Xingnao Liquid

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Sodium citrate enhancing electrodeposition of metallic arsenic from toxic trivalent arsenic and the mechanism understanding

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第5期151卷 79-87页

作者： Shuiping Zhong Tingyu Xu Hang chen Ding Tang wen Tan Wei weng Yanru Shi Zijin School of Geology and Mining Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China Fujian Key Laboratory of Green Extraction and High-value Utilization of New Energy Metals Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108China Zijin Mining Group Co. Ltd.ShanghangLongyan 364200China Inner Mongolia Academy of Science and Technology Hohhot 010010China

Electrochemical conversion of hypertoxic trivalent arsenic to value-added metallic arsenic can not only contribute to pollution abatement,but also resources reutilization,therefore being widely *** reduction of trivalent arsenic as a promising way is widely ***,the high efficiency conversion is retarded by the sluggish reduction kinetics of AsO33−and fierce evolution of side products of both H_(2)and toxic AsH_(3).Herein,by using the sodium citrate as the additive,the current efficiency for metal arsenic production is increased greatly from 60%to 91%,with the accompanied evolution of hypertoxic AsH_(3)being restrained from 0.15 Nm^(3)/t_(As)to 0.022 Nm^(3)/t_(As),promising a high-efficiency and green *** electrochemical tests and electrode surface characterizations aswell as DFT calculations indicate that the added sodium citrate promotes both the diffusion of reactive AsO_(3)^(3−)towards the cathode and its subsequent adsorption on the Ti cathode,contributing to smoother reduction for generating metal arsenic,with the evolution of toxic AsH_(3)being hindered at the same *** results can provide new insights for the highefficiency and greener conversion of hypertoxic trivalent arsenic to value-added metallic arsenic.

关键词： Toxic arsenic Electrochemical conversion Metallic arsenic Sodium citrate

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The Security of Using Large Language Models:A Survey With Emphasis on ChatGPT

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期12卷 1-26页

作者： Wei Zhou Xiaogang Zhu Qing-Long Han Lin Li Xiao chen Sheng wen Yang Xiang the School of Science Computing and Engineering Technologies Swinburne University of Technology IEEE the School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences the University of Adelaide Adelaide the Faculty of Science and Engineering Southern Cross University the School of Information and Physical Sciences the University of Newcastle

ChatGPT is a powerful artificial intelligence(AI)language model that has demonstrated significant improvements in various natural language processing(NLP) tasks. However, like any technology, it presents potential security risks that need to be carefully evaluated and addressed. In this survey, we provide an overview of the current state of research on security of using ChatGPT, with aspects of bias, disinformation, ethics, misuse,attacks and privacy. We review and discuss the literature on these topics and highlight open research questions and future *** this survey, we aim to contribute to the academic discourse on AI security, enriching the understanding of potential risks and mitigations. We anticipate that this survey will be valuable for various stakeholders involved in AI development and usage, including AI researchers, developers, policy makers, and end-users.

关键词： Artificial intelligence (AI) ChatGPT large language models (LLMs) security

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A single-pixel elemental imaging method using neutron-induced gamma-ray activation

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2025年第1期36卷 1-12页

作者： Can cheng Yong-Ji Xie Xun-Rong Xia Jia-Yu Gu Dong Zhao Yi-Ze chen Ai-Yun Sun Xu-wen Liang wen-Bao Jia Da-Qian Hei Department of Ionizing Radiation and Medical Engineering Jiangsu Institute of MetrologyNanjing 210023China Institute of Nuclear Analytical Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 211106China China Nuclear Power Engineering Co. LtdBeijing 100840China School of Nuclear Science and Technology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Neutron-induced gamma-ray imaging is a spectroscopic technique that uses characteristic gamma rays to infer the elemental distribution of an ***,this technique requires the use of large facilities to supply a high neutron flux and a time-consuming detection procedure involving direct collimating *** this study,a new method based on low neutron flux was proposed.A single-pixel gamma-ray detector combined with random pattern gamma-ray masks was used to measure the characteristic gamma rays emitted from the *** of the elemental distribution in the sample,comprising 30×30 pixels,were reconstructed using the maximum-likelihood expectation-maximization *** results demonstrate that the elemental imaging of the sample can be accurately determined using this *** proposed approach,which eliminates the need for high neutron flux and scanning measurements,can be used for in-field imaging applications.

关键词： Elemental imaging Neutron-induced gamma-ray activation Single-pixel imaging

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PI3K/AKT signaling and neuroprotection in ischemic stroke:molecular mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2758-2775页

作者： Tianlong Liu Xiaolin Li Xiaowei Zhou Wei chen Aidong wen Minna Liu Yi Ding Department of Pharmacy Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxi ProvinceChina Department of Pharmacy The 940 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Forces of Chinese PLALanzhouGansu ProvinceChina Department of Pharmacy The 944 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Forces of Chinese PLAJiuquanGansu ProvinceChina Department of Nephrology The 940 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Forces of Chinese PLALanzhouGansu ProvinceChina

It has been reported that the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway plays a key role in the pathogenesis of ischemic *** a result,the development of drugs targeting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway has attracted increasing attention from *** article reviews the pathological mechanisms and advancements in research related to the signaling pathways in ischemic stroke,with a focus on the PI3K/AKT signaling *** key findings include the following:(1)The complex pathological mechanisms of ischemic stroke can be categorized into five major types:excitatory amino acid toxicity,Ca^(2+)overload,inflammatory response,oxidative stress,and apoptosis.(2)The PI3K/AKT-mediated signaling pathway is closely associated with the occurrence and progression of ischemic stroke,which primarily involves the NF-κB,NRF2,BCL-2,mTOR,and endothelial NOS signaling pathways.(3)Natural products,including flavonoids,quinones,alkaloids,phenylpropanoids,phenols,terpenoids,and iridoids,show great potential as candidate substances for the development of innovative anti-stroke medications.(4)Recently,novel therapeutic techniques,such as electroacupuncture and mesenchymal stem cell therapy,have demonstrated the potential to improve stroke outcomes by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,providing new possibilities for the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with ischemic *** investigations should focus on the direct regulatory mechanisms of drugs targeting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and their clinical translation to develop innovative treatment strategies for ischemic stroke.

关键词： apoptosis autophagy inflammation ischemic stroke neuroprotection oxidative stress pathogenesis phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase protein kinase B therapeutics

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