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Dysfunction of synaptic endocytic trafficking in Parkinson's disease

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2649-2660页

作者： Xin Yi ng Mian Cao Programme in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore Department of Physiology National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore

Parkinson's disease is characterized by the selective degeneration of dopamine neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway and dopamine deficiency in the *** precise reasons behind the specific degeneration of these dopamine neurons remain largely *** investigations have identified over 20 causative PARK genes and 90 genomic risk loci associated with both familial and sporadic Parkinson's ***,several of these genes are linked to the synaptic vesicle recycl.ng process,particularly the clathrinmediated endocytosis *** suggests that impaired synaptic vesicle recycl.ng might represent an early feature of Parkinson's disease,followed by axonal degeneration and the eventual loss of dopamine cell bodies in the midbrain via a"dying back"***,several new animal and cellular models with Parkinson's disease-linked mutations affecting the endocytic pathway have been created and extensively *** models faithfully recapitulate certain Parkinson's disease-like features at the animal,circuit,and cellular levels,and exhibit defects in synaptic membrane trafficking,further supporting the findings from human genetics and clinical *** this review,we will first summarize the cellular and molecular findings from the models of two Parkinson's disease-linked clathrin uncoating proteins:auxilin(DNAJC6/PARK19)and synaptojanin 1(SYNJ1/PARK20).The mouse models carrying these two PARK gene mutations phenocopy each other with specific dopamine terminal pathology and display a potent synergistic ***,we will delve into the involvement of several clathrin-mediated endocytosis-related proteins(GAK,endophilin A1,SAC2/INPP5 F,synaptotagmin-11),identified as Parkinson's disease risk factors through genome-wide association studies,in Parkinson's disease *** will also explore the direct or indirect roles of some common Parkinson's disease-linked proteins(alpha-synuclein(PARK1/4),Parkin(PARK2),and lRRK2(PARK

关键词： autophagy auxilin/PARK19 clathrin-mediated endocytosis dopamine neurons neurodegeneration nigrostriatal pathway Parkinson's disease synaptic vesicle recycl.ng synaptojanin1/PARK20

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low-rank matrix recovery with total generalized variation for defending adversarial examples

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2024年第3期25卷 432-445页

作者： wen lI Hengyou WAng lianzhi HUO Qiang HE linlin CHEN Zhiquan HE Wing W.Y.ng School of Science Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing 100044China School of Computer Science and Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China Guangdong Key laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Shenzhen 518060China Institute of Big Data Model.ng and Technology Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing 100044China

low-rank matrix decomposition with first-order total variation(TV)regularization exhibits excellent performance in exploration of image *** advantage of its excellent performance in image denoising,we apply it to improve the robustness of deep neural ***,although TV regularization can improve the robustness of the model,it reduces the accuracy of normal samples due to its *** our work,we develop a new low-rank matrix recovery model,called lRTGV,which incorporates total generalized variation(TGV)regularization into the reweighted low-rank matrix recovery *** the proposed model,TGV is used to better reconstruct texture information without *** reweighted nuclear norm and li-norm can enhance the global structure ***,the proposed lRTGV can destroy the structure of adversarial noise while re-enhancing the global structure and local texture of the *** solve the chall.nging optimal model issue,we propose an algorithm based on the alternating direction method of *** results show that the proposed algorithm has a certain defense capability against black-box attacks,and outperforms state-of-the-art low-rank matrix recovery methods in image restoration.

关键词： Total generalized variation low-rank matrix Alternating direction method of multipliers Adversarial example

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Process,Material,and Regulatory Considerations for 3D Printed Medical Devices and Tissue Constructs

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Engineering 2024年第5期36卷 146-166页

作者： Wei l.ng ng Jia Anb Chee Kai Chua Singapore Centre for 3D Printing(SC3DP) School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Centre for Healthcare Education Entrepreneurship and Research@SUTD(CHEERS)Singapore University of Technology and DesignSingapore 487372Singapore

Three-dimensional(3D)printing is a highly automated platform that facilitates material deposition in a layer-by-layer approach to fabricate pre-defined 3D complex structures on *** is a highly promising technique for the fabrication of personalized medical devices or even patient-specific tissue *** type of 3D printing technique has its unique advantages and limitations,and the selection of a suitable 3D printing technique is highly dependent on its intended *** this review paper,we present and highlight some of the critical processes(printing parameters,build orientation,build location,and support structures),material(batch-to-batch consistency,recycl.ng,protein adsorption,biocompatibility,and degradation properties),and regulatory considerations(sterility and mechanical properties)for 3D printing of personalized medical *** goal of this review paper is to provide the readers with a good understanding of the various key considerations(process,material,and regulatory)in 3D printing,which are critical for the fabrication of improved patient-specific 3D printed medical devices and tissue constructs.

关键词： 3D printing Bioprinting Biofabrication Medical devices Tissue constructs

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Stability and Generalization of Hypergraph Collaborative Networks

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第1期21卷 184-196页

作者： Michael K.ng Hanrui Wu Andy Yip Institute of Data Science The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Mathematics The University of Hong KongHong KongChina College of Information Science and Technology Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510006China

Graph neural networks have been shown to be very effective in utilizing pairwise relationships across ***,there have been several successful proposals to generalize graph neural networks to hypergraph neural networks to exploit more com-plex *** particular,the hypergraph collaborative networks yield superior results compared to other hypergraph neural net-works for various semi-supervised learning *** collaborative network can provide high quality vertex embeddings and hyperedge embeddings together by formulating them as a joint optimization problem and by using their consistency in reconstructing the given *** this paper,we aim to establish the algorithmic stability of the core layer of the collaborative network and provide generaliz--ation *** analysis sheds light on the design of hypergraph filters in collaborative networks,for instance,how the data and hypergraph filters should be scaled to achieve uniform stability of the learning *** experimental results on real-world datasets are presented to illustrate the theory.

关键词： Hypergraphs vertices hyperedges collaborative networks graph convolutional neural networks(CNNs) stability generalization guarantees

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Perspectives in human brain plasticity sparked by glioma invasion:from intraoperative(re)mappings to neural reconfigurations

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 947-948页

作者： Sam ng Hugues Duffau Guillaume Herbet Department of Neurosurgery Gui de Chauliac HospitalMontpellier University Medical CenterMontpellierFrance Institute of Functional Genomics University of MontpellierCNRSINSERMMontpellierFrance Praxil.ng laboratory UMR5267CNRSPaul Valéry-Montpellier 3 UniversityMontpellierFrance

Exploring the aptitude of the human brain to compensate functional consequences of a lesion damaging its structural architecture is a key chall.nge to improve patient care in various neurological diseases,to optimize neuroscientifically-informed strategies of postlesional rehabilitation,and ultimately to develop innovative neuro-regenerative *** term‘plasticity’,initially referring to the intrinsic propensity of neurons to modulate their synaptic transmission in a learning situation,was progressively transposed to brain injury research and clinical ***,in the event of brain damage,adaptive mechanisms of compensation allow a partial reshaping of the structure and activities of the central nervous system,thus permitting to some extent the maintenance of brain functions.

关键词： plasticity figuration consequences

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Defined hydrogels for spinal cord organoids:chall.nges and potential applications

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2329-2330页

作者： Wai Hon Chooi Yuewen Wu Shi-Yan ng Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology(IMCB) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore(NUS)SingaporeSingapore

Organoids of the central nervous system,primarily derived from pluripotent stem cells or neural stem cells,are three-dimensional tissue cultures with self-organizing *** exposed to the right combinations of signals,they differentiate into a 3D tissue consisting of complex cytoarchitecture and native cell types,including various neuron subtypes and glial *** features closely mimic native tissues,making them invaluable for developmental studies and disease *** recent years,spinal cord organoids(SCOs)have been developed to investigate spinal cord development,injuries,and various neurological *** an integral part of the central nervous system,SCOs play a vital role and serve as a site for studying both neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： properties injuries primarily

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Topology modulation of tetraphenylethylene graphdiyne at a liquid-liquid interface

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 4661-4667页

作者： Tingting Xu Pei wen ng Shaofei Wu Danjun Fu Yunhan Ma Yao liu lidao li Xiaofei Zhang Jun Zhu Department of Chemistry National University of SingaporeSingapore 117543Singapore Institute of Materials Research and Engineering(IMRE) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)Singapore 138634Singapore

Monomers with low symmetries can form different topological structures in the preparation of organic two-dimensional(2D)***,it remains chall.nging to modulate the topologies in practical *** theoretical insights into the formation energy of potential structural configurations,we report the topology modulation of a graphdiyne(GDY)derivative constructed from two-fold symmetric tetrakis(4-ethynylphenyl)ethene precursor by changing solvent combinations in a liquid-liquid interfacial *** aqueous-organic(water-dichloromethane)interface afforded GDY with a kagome topology while a rhombic topology was formed at an organic-organic(hexane-acetonitrile)interface.A comprehensive evaluation of their structures and optoelectronic properties was conducted through various characterization techniques and theoretical *** study provided new insights to modulate the topology of not only GDY but also other framework structures and obtain topologically pure materials in situations where different topologies are possible during practical synthesis.

关键词： graphdiyne derivative tetraphenylethylene topology modulation aggregation-induced emission(AIE)two-dimensional(2D)polymers interfacial synthesis

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Mg/MgO interfaces as efficient hydrogen evolution cathodes causing accelerated corrosion of additive manufactured Mg alloys:A DFT analysis

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 110-119页

作者： Man-Fai ng Kai Xiang Kuah Teck leong Tan Daniel John Blackwood Department of Materials Science&Engineering National University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1Singapore 117575Republic of Singapore Institute of High Performance Computing(IHPC) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A∗STAR)1 Fusionopolis Way#16-16 ConnexisSingapore 138632Republic of Singapore

The corrosion rates of additive-manufactured Mg alloys are higher than their as-cast counterparts,possibly due to increased kinetics for the hydrogen evolution reaction on secondary phases,which may include oxide *** Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy demonstrated that MgO inclusions could act as cathodes for Mg corrosion,but their low conductivity likely precludes ***,the density of state calculations through density functional theory using hybrid HSE06 functional revealed overlapping electronic states at the Mg/MgO interface,which facilitates electron transfers and participates in redox *** determination of the hydrogen absorption energy at the Mg/MgO interface reveals it to be an excellent catalytic site,with HER being found to be a factor of 23x more efficient at the interface than on metallic *** results not only support the plausibility of the Mg/MgO interface being an effective cathode to the adjacent anodic Mg matrix during corrosion but also contribute to the understanding of the enhanced cathodic activities observed during the anodic dissolution of magnesium.

关键词： Magnesium Magnesium oxide Interface Hydrogen evolution DFT

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Advances of machine learning in materials science: Ideas and techniques

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第1期19卷 155-194页

作者： Sue Sin Chong Yi Sheng ng Hui-Qiong Wang Jin-Cheng Zheng Department of New Energy Science and Engineering Xiamen University MalaysiaSepang 43900Malaysia Engineering Research Center of Micro-nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ministry of EducationFujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and ApplicationsCI Center for OSEDand Department of PhysicsXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

In this big data era, the use of large dataset in conjunction with machine learning (Ml) has been increasingly popular in both industry and academia. In recent times, the field of materials science is also undergoing a big data revolution, with large database and repositories appearing everywhere. Traditionally, materials science is a trial-and-error field, in both the computational and experimental departments. With the advent of machine learning-based techniques, there has been a paradigm shift: materials can now be screened quickly using Ml models and even generated based on materials with similar properties;Ml has also quietly infiltrated many sub-disciplinary under materials science. However, Ml remains relatively new to the field and is expanding its wing quickly. There are a plethora of readily-available big data architectures and abundance of Ml models and software;The call to integrate all these elements in a comprehensive research procedure is becoming an important direction of material science research. In this review, we attempt to provide an introduction and reference of Ml to materials scientists, covering as much as possible the commonly used methods and applications, and discussing the future possibilities.

关键词： machine learning materials science

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Modell.ng the water diversion of a sustainable cover system under humid climates

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第7期16卷 2429-2440页

作者： Haowen Guo Charles Wang Wai ng Qi Zhang Chuanxiang Qu liwen Hu Shenzhen Research Institute of Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518057China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong SAR999077China CCCC Fourth Harbor Engineering Institute Co. LtdGuangzhou510230China

Extreme rainfall significantly threatens the safety of the landfill cover system,especially under humid *** study aims to provide design recommendations for a sustainable landfill cover system consisting of a low-permeability soil layer underlying a two-layer capillary barrier for humid ***,the numerical back-analysis was conducted for verification against a series of flume model ***,a parametric study was performed to investigate the effects of inclination angle,particle size and layer thickness on the lateral diversion l.ngth(Dl)of the three-layer cover system under the 100-year return period rainfall of humid *** results show that the water lateral Dl of the cover system can be greatly enhanced by increasing the inclination angle from 3to 18.Moreover,the bottom layer of the cover system with a coarser d10 was more susceptible to the impact of the heavy rainfall,while this can be alleviated by increasing the thickness of the bottom layer.A dimensionless number,defined as the ratio of thickness and d10 of the bottom layer,is proposed for designing lateral diversion of the three-layer cover system under humid *** preserve the maximum Dl,it is suggested that the proposed dimensionless number should be larger than 95 and 110 for the design of rainfall events with 50-year and 100-year return periods for humid climates,respectively.

关键词： Unsaturated soil Recycl.ng Construction waste Three-layer landfill cover Water infiltration

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