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A Stacked Ensemble Deep Learning Approach for Imbalanced Multi-Class Water Quality Index Prediction

Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第8期76卷 1361-1384页

作者： wen yee wong Khairunnisa Hasikin Anis Salwa Mohd Khairuddin Sarah Abdul Razak Hanee Farzana Hizaddin Mohd Istajib Mokhtar Muhammad Mokhzaini Azizan Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia Institute of Biological Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia Department of Science and Technology Studies Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built EnvironmentUniversiti Sains Islam MalaysiaNilaiNegeri Sembilan71800Malaysia

A common difficulty in building prediction models with real-world environmental datasets is the skewed distribution of *** are significantly more samples for day-to-day classes,while rare events such as polluted classes are ***,the limited availability of minority outcomes lowers the classifier’s overall *** study assesses the capability of machine learning(ML)algorithms in tackling imbalanced water quality data based on the metrics of precision,recall,and F1 *** intends to balance the misled accuracy towards the majority of ***,10 ML algorithms of its performance are *** classifiers included are AdaBoost,SupportVector Machine,Linear Discriminant Analysis,k-Nearest Neighbors,Naive Bayes,Decision Trees,Random Forest,Extra Trees,Bagging,and the Multilayer *** study also uses the Easy Ensemble Classifier,Balanced Bagging,andRUSBoost algorithm to evaluatemulti-class imbalanced learning *** comparison results revealed that a highaccuracy machine learning model is not always good in recall and *** paper’s stacked ensemble deep learning(SE-DL)generalization model effectively classifies the water quality index(WQI)based on 23 input *** proposed algorithm achieved a remarkable average of 95.69%,94.96%,92.92%,and 93.88%for accuracy,precision,recall,and F1 score,*** addition,the proposed model is compared against two state-of-the-art classifiers,the XGBoost(eXtreme Gradient Boosting)and Light Gradient Boosting Machine,where performance metrics of balanced accuracy and g-mean are *** experimental setup concluded XGBoost with a higher balanced accuracy and ***,the SE-DL model has a better and more balanced performance in the F1 *** SE-DL model aligns with the goal of this study to ensure the balance between accuracy and completeness for each water quality *** proposed algorithm is also capable of higher efficiency at a lower computa

关键词： Water quality classification imbalanced data SMOTE stacked ensemble deep learning sensitivity analysis

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Water Quality Index Using Modified Random Forest Technique: Assessing Novel Input Features

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2022年第9期132卷 1011-1038页

作者： wen yee wong Ayman Khallel Ibrahim Al-Ani Khairunnisa Hasikin Anis Salwa Mohd Khairuddin Sarah Abdul Razak Hanee Farzana Hizaddin Mohd Istajib Mokhtar Muhammad Mokhzaini Azizan Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia Institute of Biological Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversiti MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia Department of Science and Technology Studies Faculty of ScienceUniversiti MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built EnvironmentUniversiti Sains Islam MalaysiaBandar Baru NilaiNilaiNegeri Sembilan71800Malaysia

Water quality analysis is essential to understand the ecological status of aquatic *** water quality index(WQI)assessment methods are limited to features such as water acidic or basicity(pH),dissolved oxygen(DO),biological oxygen demand(BOD),chemical oxygen demand(COD),ammoniacal nitrogen(NH3-N),and suspended solids(SS).These features are often insufficient to represent the water quality of a heavy metal–polluted ***,this paper aims to explore and analyze novel input features in order to formulate an improved *** this work,prospective insights on the feasibility of alternative water quality input variables as new discriminant features are *** new discriminant features are a step toward formulating adaptive water quality parameters according to the land use activities surrounding the *** results and analysis obtained from this study have proven the possibility of predicting WQI using new input *** work analyzes 17 new input features,namely conductivity(COND),salinity(SAL),turbidity(TUR),dissolved solids(DS),nitrate(NO3),chloride(Cl),phosphate(PO4),arsenic(As),chromium(Cr),zinc(Zn),calcium(Ca),iron(Fe),potassium(K),magnesium(Mg),sodium(Na),***,and total coliform,in predicting WQI using machine learning *** regression algorithms-random forest(RF),AdaBoost,support vector regression(SVR),decision tree regression(DTR),and multilayer perception(MLP)-are applied for preliminary model *** results show that the RF algorithm exhibits better prediction performance,with R2 of ***,this work proposes a modified RF by incorporating the synthetic minority oversampling technique(SMOTE)into the conventional RF *** proposed modified RF method is shown to achieve 77.68%,74%,69%,and 71%accuracy,precision,recall,and F1-score,*** addition,the sensitivity analysis is included to highlight the importance of the turbidity variable in WQI *** results of sensitivity analysis high

关键词： Artificial intelligence random forest environmental modeling alternative inputs SMOTE

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Hokkien Merchants and the Kian Teik Tong： Economic and Political Influence in Nineteenth- Century Penang and Its Region

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Frontiers of History in China 2016年第4期11卷 600-627页

作者： yee Tuan wong History Studies Section Penang Institute 10350 Penang Malaysia

This article explores nineteenth-century Penang＇s Hokkkien merchants and their secret society or hui-the Klan Teik Tong diande Tang）--which had a variety of roles and an extensive network. It contextualizes the merchants＇ secret society as a transnational socioeconomic and political organization rather than as an overseas Chinese criminal group in the wider Penang area. By recovering Klan Teik Tong and its network, it can be shown how these merchants secured and mobilized labour, capital, and allies in a way that cut across linguistic, ethnic, class and state boundaries in order to establish control of coolies and the lucrative opium, tin, and rice businesses, in order to exert political influence in the colonial and indigenous milieus of the nineteenth-century Penang region. They established a social contract through their Klan Teik Tong relief activities and initiation rituals, and thus were able to recruit thousands of members who were mainly labourers. With such a substantial social force, the merchants launched organized violence against their rivals to attain dominance in opium revenue farming and tin mining businesses in Penang, Krabi, and Perak. The widespread and strategic location of the Klan Teik Tong in Burma also enabled the same merchants to monopolize the Penang-Burma rice trade. The versatility of the Klan Teik Tong＇s functions allowed them to operate as an alternative political order vis-a-vis the colonial and indigenous powers. This arrangement allowed the Hokkien merchants to gain significant political clout in confronting the Siamese and Dutch authorities.

关键词： Hokkien Penang secret society social control economicdominance political influence

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A Qualitative Examination of Teacher-Student Power-Sharing in Chinese Classrooms:A Study in Hong Kong

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Frontiers of Education in China 2015年第2期10卷 251-273页

作者： Mei-yee wong Department of Social Sciences The Hong Kong Institute of EducationHong KongChina

This article explores the dynamics of power-sharing between teacher and students in learning and teaching situations,and describes the theoretical bases,implementation,and results of an empirical study in three elementary schools in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of *** from 58 class observations and interviews with 50 students,25 teachers,and three school principals suggest that teachers can empower students by acknowledging their right to and responsibility for learning and by sharing power with ***-sharing classroom practice requires the dual efforts of teachers and students,and can be facilitated by the teachers’interactive teaching mode,students’cooperation and willingness to engage in learning,and school policy and culture,*** the power-sharing classrooms,teachers played the role of facilitators and students played as *** this article,theoretical implications for understanding power-sharing and critical pedagogy are *** empirical evidence from this Hong Kong study contributes to an understanding of teacher-initiated power-sharing in the Chinese context,and the practice of critical pedagogy in classrooms.

关键词： power-sharing critical pedagogy elementary schools Hong Kong education

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The Birth of Bio-data Science:Trends,Expectations,and Applications

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2020年第1期18卷 5-15页

作者： Wilson wen Bin Goh Limsoon wong School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637551Singapore Department of Computer Science National University of SingaporeSingapore 117417Singapore

Components of bio-data science Biology is becoming increasingly digitized and has now taken on the sheen of a quantitative scientific discipline.A key driving factor is the increasing pervasiveness of high-throughput technological platforms in biological research,allowing millions of data points on genes,proteins,and other biological moieties across thousands of tissues and organisms to be compiled,cleaned,stored,and integrated for the purpose of systematic *** this data-rich landscape.

关键词： driving becoming landscape.

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Anaerobic biodegradation of PAHs in mangrove sediment with amendment of NaHCO_3

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第4期27卷 148-156页

作者： Chun-Hua Li Yuk-Shan wong Hong-Yuan Wang Nora Fung-yee Tam State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Department of Biology and Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Department of Biology The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences State Key Laboratory on Marine Pollution City University of Hong Kong

Mangrove sediment is unique in chemical and biological properties. Many of them suffer polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon（PAH） contamination. However, the study on PAH biological remediation for mangrove sediment is deficient. Enriched PAH-degrading microbial consortium and electron acceptor amendment are considered as two effective measures. Compared to other electron acceptors, the study on CO2, which is used by methanogens, is still seldom. This study investigated the effect of Na HCO3 amendment on the anaerobic biodegradation of four mixed PAHs, namely fluorene（Fl）, phenanthrene（Phe）,fluoranthene（Flua） and pyrene（Pyr）, with or without enriched PAH-degrading microbial consortium in mangrove sediment slurry. The trends of various parameters, including PAH concentrations, microbial population size, electron-transport system activities, electron acceptor and anaerobic gas production were monitored. The results revealed that the inoculation of enriched PAH-degrading consortium had a significant effect with half lives shortened by 7–13 days for 3-ring PAHs and 11–24 days for 4-ring PAHs. While Na HCO3 amendment did not have a significant effect on the biodegradation of PAHs and other parameters, except that CO2 gas in the headspace of experimental flasks was *** of the possible reasons is that mangrove sediment contains high concentrations of other electron acceptors which are easier to be utilized by anaerobic bacteria, the other one is that the anaerobes in mangrove sediment can produce enough CO2 gas even without adding Na HCO3.

关键词： Anaerobic biodegradation Electron acceptor amendment Mangrove sediment Na HCO3amendment Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

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Global Asymptotics of Orthogonal Polynomials Associated with a Generalized Freud Weight

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2018年第3期39卷 553-596页

作者： Zhi-Tao wen Roderick wong Shuai-Xia XU Department of Mathematics Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China Liu Bie Ju Centre for Mathematical Sciences City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Institut Franco-Chinois de l’Energie Nucleaire Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China

In this paper, the authors consider the asymptotic behavior of the monic polynomials orthogonal with respect to the weight function w（x） = /x/2αe-（x4＋tx2）, x ∈R, where α is a constant larger than - 1/2 and t is any real number. They consider this problem in three separate cases：（i） c 〉 -2, （ii） c = -2, and （iii） c 〈 -2, where c ：= tN-1/2 is a constant, N = n ＋ a and n is the degree of the polynomial. In the first two cases, the support of the associated equilibrium measure μ is a single interval, whereas in the third case the support of μt consists of two intervals. In each case, globally uniform asymptotic expansions are obtained in several regions. These regions together cover the whole complex plane. The approach is based on a modified version of the steepest descent method for Riemann-Hilbert problems introduced by Deift and Zhou （1993）.

关键词： Orthogonal polynomials Globally uniform asymptotics Riemann-Hilbertproblems The second Painlev6 transcendent Theta function

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Effects of the sunscreen ultraviolet filter,oxybenzone,on green microalgae

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Advances in Polar Science 2020年第2期31卷 112-123页

作者： Ming-Li TEOH Nur Suhaida SANUSI Ching-yee wong John BEARDALL School of Biosciences Taylor’s UniversityLakeside Campus47500 Subang JayaSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences University of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia National Antarctic Research Centre Institute of Graduate StudiesUniversity of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia School of Biological Sciences Monash UniversityClaytonVictoria 3800Australia

Ultraviolet(UV)filters are widely used in sunscreen and personal care products due to their ability to give protection to our skin from UV ***,commonly known as benzophenone-3,is one type of UV filter found as the active ingredient in many pharmaceutical *** oxybenzone has been extensively studied as an environmental toxicant in the ecosystem,little is known about its toxicity effects on *** effects of oxybenzone on growth(measured as OD620 nm,chlɑand carotenoids)and macromolecular composition of polar microalgae(Chlorella UMACC 400 and Chlorella UMACC 401)and temperate microalgae(Chlorella sp.,Chlamydomonas reinhardtii,Scenedesmus quadricauda)were *** microalgae were cultured in triplicate and exposed to different oxybenzone concentrations(0,100,200,300 and 400 mg·L-1),at 4℃and 18 for polar and temperate species respectively,for 96 *** oxybenzone concentrations used℃represent a range from environmental to extreme concentrations to understand the impact of this toxicant on *** results showed that the highest concentration of oxybenzone(300 and 400 mg·L-1)had adverse effects on growth rate and biomass of these ***,exposure to oxybenzone concentrations ranging from 200 mg·L-1 to 400 mg·L-1 did not have significant effects on *** *** exposure to oxybenzone at higher concentrations also led to changes in cell structure after 96 ***,protein and carbohydrate content of all microalgae except *** increased with increasing oxybenzone *** content increased significantly when cells were exposed to oxybenzone,though effects were greater in the polar species,suggesting that it could be one of the adaptive strategies that enabled these microalgae to tolerate *** investigation is required to determine the effects of oxybenzone on other features of microalgal performance at relevant environmental concentrations.

关键词： polar algae temperate algae Chlorella benzophenone-3 emerging contaminants

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Optimization of control parameters for petroleum waste composting

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2001年第4期13卷 385-390页

作者： MA Ying ZHANG Jia yao wong Ming Hung WU wen zhong Department of Biology and Institute for Natural Resource and Waste Management Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongHong KongChina Department of Environmental Science Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China State Key Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China

Composting is being widely employed in the treatment of petroleum waste. The purpose of this study was to find the optimum control parameters for petroleum waste in-vessel composting. Various physical and chemical parameters were monitored to evaluate their influence on the microbial communities present in composting. The CO2 evolution and the number of microorganisms were measured as the activity of composting. The results demonstrated that the optimum temperature, pH and moisture content were 56.5 - 59.5 degreesC, 7.0 - 8.5 and 55 % - 60%, respectively. Under the optimum conditions, the removal efficiency of petroleum hydrocarbon reached 83.29% after 30 days composting.

关键词： optimization control parameters petroleum waste composting

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Microglia activation,classification and microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory modulators in subarachnoid hemorrhage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第7期17卷 1404-1411页

作者： Junfan Chen Zhiyuan Vera Zheng Gang Lu Wai yee Chan Yisen Zhang George Kwok Chu wong Division of Neurosurgery Department of SurgeryThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Department of Neurosurgery Hainan Branch of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General HospitalSanyaHainan ProvinceChina CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics School of Biomedical Sciencesthe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Bioinformatics Unit SDIVF R&D CentreHong Kong Science and Technology ParksHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Department of Interventional Neuroradiology Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a devastating disease with significant mortality and morbidity,despite advances in treating cerebral *** has been recent progress in the intensive care management and monitoring of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage,but the results remain ***,the resident immune cells of the brain,are increasingly recognized as playing a significant role in neurological diseases,including subarachnoid *** early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage,microglial activation and neuroinflammation have been implicated in the development of disease complications and *** understand the disease processes following subarachnoid hemorrhage,it is important to focus on the modulators of microglial activation and the pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines and *** this review,we summarize research on the modulators of microglia-mediated inflammation in subarachnoid hemorrhage,including transcriptome changes and the neuroinflammatory signaling *** also describe the latest developments in single-cell transcriptomics for microglia and summarize advances that have been made in the transcriptome-based classification of microglia and the implications for microglial activation and neuroinflammation.

关键词： activation inflammation microglia modulator neuroinflammation sequencing signal pathway single-cell analysis stroke subarachnoid hemorrhage treatment

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