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Caroli disease:an update on pathogenesis

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Chinese Medical Journal 2021年第23期134卷 2844-2846页

作者： Wen Shi Ai-Ming Yang Department of Gastroenterology Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China.

Caroli disease(CD)is a rare congenital disorder characterized by segmental dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts.[1]The simple CD is rare,with the majority of patients complicated by congenital liver fibrosis.Current treatments for CD mostly target complications but do not prevent disease progression.Surgical resection and liver transplantation are effective treatment options,but both have limitations.[2]Therefore,fully elucidating the patho-genesis of CD to identify therapeutic targets to delay disease progression is a priority.

关键词： congenital Caroli pathogenesis

Interplay between geometric and electronic structures of Pt entities over TiO_(2) for CO oxidation

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第2期67卷 705-714页

作者： Xixiong Zhang Wen Shi Shaobo Han Yong Li wenjie Shen School of Chemistry Dalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institution of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023China

Monodispersed Pt colloids with a mean size of 2 nm were deposited uniformly on the {110} facets of a rod-shaped rutile TiO_(2),forming a well-defined Pt/TiO_(2) system.Oxidative treatment of this precursor at elevated temperatures re-dispersed the Pt particles into clusters and single-atoms.Air-calcination at 673 K partially oxidized the Pt particle surface,while calcination at 773 K yielded Pt Oxclusters of 1.6 nm in 7–8 atomic layers.Further calcination at 873 K formed a mixture of raft-like PtO_(x) clusters(1.6 nm,1–2 atomic layers) and cationic single-atoms.When tested for CO oxidation at 373 K,the Pt particles showed a higher activity than the Pt Oxclusters,whereas the cationic single-atoms were much less active.Subsequent H_(2)-reduction at 473 K converted the partially oxidized Pt particles into the metallic species,but they were encapsulated by TiO_(2)–xoverlayers because of the strong metal–support interactions,which decreased the activity dramatically.H_(2)-reduction of the PtO_(x) clusters at473 K enhanced the fraction of metallic Pt species without changing the size and geometry,and promoted the activity substantially.H_(2)-treatment of Pt single-atoms at 473 K increased the activity only moderately because most Pt species still kept at cationic species.These results straightforwardly differentiated the catalytic behavior of Pt particles,clusters and single-atoms at the same metal loading and over the same TiO_(2) support,and further demonstrated that the electronic structures of Pt entities played a decisive role in the catalytic oxidation,in addition to the specified sizes.

关键词： Pt/TiO_(2)catalyst size effect Pt clusters active sites electronic structures CO oxidation

Anisotropic scaffolds for peripheral nerve and spinal cord regeneration

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Bioactive Materials 2021年第11期6卷 4141-4160页

作者： wen Xue Wen Shi Yunfan Kong Mitchell Kuss Bin Duan Mary&Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNEUSA Division of Cardiology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNEUSA Department of Surgery University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNEUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNEUSA

The treatment of long-gap(>10 mm)peripheral nerve injury(PNI)and spinal cord injury(SCI)remains a continuous challenge due to limited native tissue regeneration capabilities.The current clinical strategy of using autografts for PNI suffers from a source shortage,while the pharmacological treatment for SCI presents dissatisfactory results.Tissue engineering,as an alternative,is a promising approach for regenerating peripheral nerves and spinal cords.Through providing a beneficial environment,a scaffold is the primary element in tissue engineering.In particular,scaffolds with anisotropic structures resembling the native extracellular matrix(ECM)can effectively guide neural outgrowth and reconnection.In this review,the anatomy of peripheral nerves and spinal cords,as well as current clinical treatments for PNI and SCI,is first summarized.An overview of the critical components in peripheral nerve and spinal cord tissue engineering and the current status of regeneration approaches are also discussed.Recent advances in the fabrication of anisotropic surface patterns,aligned fibrous substrates,and 3D hydrogel scaffolds,as well as their in vitro and in vivo effects are highlighted.Finally,we summarize potential mechanisms underlying the anisotropic architectures in orienting axonal and glial cell growth,along with their challenges and prospects.

关键词： Tissue engineering Topography Alignment Surface pattern Hydrogel

Theoretical analysis of high-speed rail seismic imaging

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第4期65卷 714-723页

作者： Yongxiang shi Jingchong wen Jieyuan NING School of Earth and Space Science Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Hongshan National Observatory on Thick Sediments and Seismic Hazards Beijing 100871China

We do theoretical research on using high-speed rail(HSR)as an active source to perform reverse time migration(RTM)and analyze the influence of the interferometric field on the seismic imaging results.When a train runs on a rail viaduct,the evenly spaced piers of the viaduct generate a nearly spherical interferometric wavefield with radically travelling waves in frequency-determined directions.We find that the directions span stationary areas of the interference phases,of which cross-talks deteriorating HSR seismic imaging can be well suppressed by stacking.Accordingly,we propose a method for performing RTM by employing HSR data.Numerical tests primarily verify the proposed method by use of 2 D and 3 D acoustic wave equations.Subsequently,we execute least square RTM to suppress crosstalk artifacts,further improving the imaging quality.At last,we stack images derived from trains with different velocities,which extends the frequency band,effectively overcoming the limit from the discrete spectrum of the source wavelet.

关键词： High-speed rail seismic source Reverse time migration HSR interference field

5-Hydroxytryptamine:a potential therapeutic target in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第9期18卷 2047-2055页

作者： shi-shi Jiang Meng-Ni Gong Wei Rao wen Chai wen-Zhi Chen Xiong Zhang Hong-Bing Nie Ren-shi Xu Medical College of Nanchang University Department of NeurologyJiangxi Provincial People’s HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical CollegeClinical College of Nanchang Medical CollegeNanchangJiangxi ProvinceChina Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxi ProvinceChina Department of Neurology Maoming People’s HospitalMaomingGuangdong ProvinceChina

Previous studies have indicated that the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) is closely linked to 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT).To investigate this further,we administered 5-HT receptor antagonists to SOD1*G93A transgenic(ALS mouse model) and wide-type mice.This involved intraperitoneal injections of either granisetron,piboserod,or ritanserin,which inhibit the 5-HT3,5-HT4,and 5-HT2 receptors,respectively.The transgenic mice were found to have fewer5-HT-positive cells in the spinal cord compared with wide-type mice.We found that the administration of granisetron reduced the body weight of the transgenic mice,while piboserod and ritanserin worsened the motor functioning,as assessed using a hanging wire test.However,none of the 5-HT receptor antagonists affected the disease progression.We analyzed the distribution and/or expression of TAR DNA binding protein 43(TDP-43) and superoxide dismutase 1 G93A(SOD1-G93A),which fo rm abnormal aggregates in ALS.We found that the expression of these proteins increased following the administration of all three 5-HT receptor antagonists.In addition,the disease-related mislocalization of TD P-43 to the cytoplasm increased markedly for all three drugs.In ce rtain anatomical regions,the 5-HT receptor antagonists also led to a marked increase in the number of astrocytes and microglia and a decrease in the number of neurons.These results indicate that 5-HT deficiency may play a role in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by inducing the abnormal expression and/or distribution of TDP-43 and SOD1-G93A and by activating glial cells.5-HT co uld therefore be a potential therapeutic target for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

关键词： 5-hydroxytryptamine amyotrophic lateral sclerosis astrocytes granisetron microglia neuron piboserod ritanserin SOD1-G93A TAR DNA-binding protein 43

A Mixed-Depth Visual Rendering Method for Bleeding Simulation

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2019年第4期6卷 917-925页

作者： Wen Shi Peter Xiaoping Liu Minhua Zheng the School of Mechanical Electronic and Control EngineeringBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China IEEE the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton UniversityOttawaON K1S 5B6Canada

The visual fidelity of bleeding simulation in a surgical simulator is critical since it will affect not only the degree of visual realism,but also the user’s medical judgment and treatment in real-life settings.The conventional marching cubes surface rendering algorithm provides excellent visual effect in rendering gushing blood,however,it is insufficient for blood flow,which is very common in surgical procedures,since in this case the rendered surface and depth textures of blood are rough.In this paper,we propose a new method called the mixed depth rendering for rendering blood flow in surgical simulation.A smooth height field is created to minimize the height difference between neighboring particles on the bleeding surface.The color and transparency of each bleeding area are determined by the number of bleeding particles,which is consistent with the real visual effect.In addition,there is no much extra computational cost.The rendering of blood flow in a variety of surgical scenarios shows that visual feedback is much improved.The proposed mixed depth rendering method is also used in a neurosurgery simulator that we developed.

关键词： Bleeding simulation bleeding suction rendering algorithm marching cubes mixed depth rendering

Metabolic and transcriptomic analyses elucidate a novel insight into the network for biosynthesis of carbohydrate and secondary metabolites in the stems of a medicinal orchid Dendrobium nobile

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Plant Diversity 2023年第3期45卷 326-336页

作者： Yu-wen Zhang Yu-Cen shi shi-Bao Zhang Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanChina Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources Kunming 650201YunnanChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Lijiang Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesLijiang 674100YunnanChina

Dendrobium nobile is an important medicinal and nutraceutical herb.Although the ingredients of D.nobile have been identified as polysaccharides,alkaloids,amino acids,flavonoids and bibenzyls,our understanding of the metabolic pathways that regulate the synthesis of these compounds is limited.Here,we used transcriptomic and metabolic analyses to elucidate the genes and metabolites involved in the biosynthesis of carbohydrate and several secondary metabolites in the stems of D.nobile.A total of 1005 metabolites and 31,745 genes were detected in the stems of D.nobile.The majority of these metabolites and genes were involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates(fructose,mannose,glucose,xylulose and starch),while some were involved in the metabolism of secondary metabolites(alkaloids,β-tyrosine,ferulic acid,4-hydroxybenzoate and chrysin).Our predicted regulatory network indicated that five genes(AROG,PYK,DXS,ACEE and HMGCR) might play vital roles in the transition from carbohydrate to alkaloid synthesis.Correlation analysis identified that six genes(ALDO,PMM,BGLX,EGLC,XYLB and GLGA) were involved in carbohydrate metabolism,and two genes(ADT and CYP73A) were involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis.Our analyses also indicated that phosphoenol-pyruvate(PEP) was a crucial bridge that connected carbohydrate to alkaloid biosynthesis.The regulatory network between carbohydrate and secondary metabolite biosynthesis established will provide important insights into the regulation of metabolites and biological systems in Dendrobium species.

关键词： Dendrobium nobile Transcriptome Metabolome Polysaccharides Alkaloids Secondary metabolite biosynthesis

A candidate protective factor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第7期18卷 1527-1534页

作者： Fang Yang wen-Zhi Chen shi-shi Jiang Xiao-Hua Wang Ren-shi Xu Department of Neurology Jiangxi Provincial People’s HospitalThe Clinical College of Nanchang Medical CollegeThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical CollegeNanchangJiangxi ProvinceChina Department of Geriatrics and General Practice/General Family Medicine Jiangxi Provincial People’s HospitalThe Clinical College of Nanchang Medical CollegeThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical CollegeNanchangJiangxi ProvinceChina

Heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G is down-regulated in the spinal cord of the Tg(SOD1*G93A)1Gur(TG)amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model.However,most studies have only examined heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G expression in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis model and heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G effects in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathogenesis such as in apoptosis are unknown.In this study,we studied the potential mechanism of heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G in neuronal death in the spinal cord of TG and wild-type mice and examined the mechanism by which heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G induces apoptosis.Heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G in spinal cord was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and western blotting,and cell proliferation and proteins(TAR DNA binding protein 43,superoxide dismutase 1,and Bax)were detected by the Cell Counting Kit-8 and western blot analysis in heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G siRNA-transfected PC12 cells.We analyzed heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G distribution in spinal cord in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis model at various time points and the expressions of apoptosis and proliferation-related proteins.Heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G was mainly localized in neurons.Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice were examined at three stages:preonset(60-70 days),onset(90-100 days)and progression(120-130 days).The number of heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G-positive cells was significantly higher in the anterior horn of the lumbar spinal cord segment of TG mice at the preonset stage than that of control group but lower than that of the control group at the onset stage.The number of heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G-positive cells in both central canal and surrounding gray matter of the whole spinal cord of TG mice at the onset stage was significantly lower than that in the control group,whereas that of the lumbar spinal cord segment of TG mice was significantly higher than that in the control gr

关键词： amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Bax heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G-siRNA neuron death superoxide dismutase 1 TAR DNA binding protein 43 TG(SOD1*G93A)1Gur mice

Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma:Expecting Its Application in Temporal Bone Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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Current Medical Science 2023年第2期43卷 213-222页

作者： Meng-Wen Shi Jing HUANG Yu SUN Department of Otorhinolaryngology Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China Cancer Center Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China

Temporal bone malignant tumors are characterized by atypical clinical symptoms,and easy recurrence and metastasis.They account for 0.2%of head and neck tumors,and the most common pathological type is squamous cell carcinoma.Patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the temporal bone are often at advanced stages when diagnosed,and lose the chance for surgery.Neoadjuvant immunotherapy has recently been approved as the first-line treatment for refractory recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.However,it remains to be determined whether neoadjuvant immunotherapy can be used as the first-line treatment for temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma to reduce the tumor stage before surgery,or as a palliative treatment for patients with unresectable advanced stage carcinoma.The present study reviews the development of immunotherapy and its clinical application in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma,summarizes the treatment of temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma,and prospects the neoadjuvant immunotherapy as the first-line treatment for temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma.

关键词： neoadjuvant immunotherapy programmed cell death-1 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma