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The response of roots and the rhizosphere environment to integrative cultivation practices in paddy rice

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第6期23卷 1879-1896页

作者： Hanzhu Gu Xian Wang Minhao zhang Wenjiang Jing Hao Wu Zhilin Xiao weiyang zhang Junfei Gu Lijun Liu Zhiqin Wang Jianhua zhang Jianchang Yang Hao zhang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Agricultural College Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Taizhou Institute of Agricultural Science Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesTaizhou 225300China State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology School of Life SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong 999077China Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceHong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloonHong Kong 999077China

Integrative cultivation practices(ICPs)are essential for enhancing cereal yield and resource use ***,the effects of ICP on the rhizosphere environment and roots of paddy rice are still poorly *** this study,four rice varieties were produced in the *** variety was treated with six different cultivation techniques,including zero nitrogen application(0 N),local farmers’practice(LFP),nitrogen reduction(NR),and three progressive ICP techniques comprised of enhanced fertilizer N practice and increased plant density(ICP1),a treatment similar to ICP1 but with alternate wetting and moderate drying instead of continuous flooding(ICP2),and the same practices as ICP2 with the application of organic fertilizer(ICP3).The ICPs had greater grain production and nitrogen use efficiency than the other three *** length,dry weight,root diameter,activity of root oxidation,root bleeding rate,zeatin and zeatin riboside compositions,and total organic acids in root exudates were elevated with the introduction of the successive cultivation *** enhanced nitrate nitrogen,the activities of urease and invertase,and the diversity of microbes(bacteria)in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil,while reducing the ammonium nitrogen *** nutrient contents(ammonium nitrogen,total nitrogen,total potassium,total phosphorus,nitrate,and available phosphorus)and urease activity in rhizosphere soil were reduced in all treatments in comparison with the non-rhizosphere soil,but the invertase activity and bacterial diversity were *** main root morphology and physiology,and the ammonium nitrogen contents in rhizosphere soil at the primary stages were closely correlated with grain yield and internal nitrogen use *** findings suggest that the coordinated enhancement of the root system and the environment of the rhizosphere under integrative cultivation approaches may lead to higher rice production.

关键词： rice(Oryza sativa L.) nitrogen use efficiency grain yield integrative cultivation practices roots

An optimized strategy of nitrogen-split application based on the leaf positional differences in chlorophyll meter readings

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第8期23卷 2605-2617页

作者： Gaozhao Wu Xingyu Chen Yuguang Zang Ying Ye Xiaoqing Qian weiyang zhang Hao zhang Lijun Liu Zujian zhang Zhiqin Wang Junfei Gu Jianchang Yang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225127China

Modern rice production faces the dual challenges of increasing grain yields while reducing inputs of chemical ***,the disequilibrium between the nitrogen(N)supplement from the soil and the demand for N of plants is a serious obstacle to achieving these ***-based diagnosis can help farmers make better choices regarding the timing and amount of topdressing N *** objective was to evaluate a non-destructive assessment of rice N demands based on the relative SPAD value(RSPAD)due to leaf positional *** this study,two field experiments were conducted,including a field experiment of different N rates(Exp.I)and an experiment to evaluate the new strategy of nitrogen-split application based on RSPAD(***).The results showed that higher N inputs significantly increased grain yield in modern high yielding super rice,but at the expense of lower nitrogen use efficiency(NUE).The N nutrition index(NNI)can adequately differentiate situations of excessive,optimal,and insufficient N nutrition in rice,and the optimal N rate for modern high yielding rice is higher than conventional *** RSPAD is calculated as the SPAD value of the top fully expanded leaf *** value of the third leaf,which takes into account the non-uniform N distribution within a *** RSPAD can be used as an indicator for higher yield and NUE,and guide better management of N fertilizer ***,we developed a new strategy of nitrogen-split application based on RSPAD,in which the N rate was reduced by 18.7%,yield was increased by 1.7%,and the agronomic N use efficiency was increased by 27.8%,when compared with standard farmers'*** strategy of N fertilization shows great potential for ensuring high yielding and improving NUE at lower N inputs.

关键词： canopy crop management practices nitrogen nitrogen nutrition index rice SPAD

Irrigation regimes modulate non-structural carbohydrate remobilization and improve grain filling in rice(Oryza sativa L.)by regulating starch metabolism

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第5期23卷 1507-1522页

作者： Yuguang Zang Gaozhao Wu Qiangqiang Li Yiwen Xu Mingming Xue Xingyu Chen Haiyan Wei weiyang zhang Hao zhang Lijun Liu Zhiqin Wang Junfei Gu Jianchang Yang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College YangzhouUniversityYangzhou225009China Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Recently developed ‘super’ rice cultivars with greater yield potentials often suffer from the problem of poor grain filling, especially in inferior spikelets. Here, we studied the activities of enzymes related to starch metabolism in rice stems and grains, and the microstructures related to carbohydrate accumulation and transportation to investigate the effects of different water regimes on grain filling. Two ‘super’ rice cultivars were grown under two irrigation regimes of well-watered(WW) and alternate wetting and moderate soil drying(AWMD). Compared with the WW treatment,the activities of ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase(AGPase), starch synthase(StSase) and starch branching enzyme(SBE), and the accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates(NSCs) in the stems before heading were significantly improved, and more starch granules were stored in the stems in the AWMD treatment. After heading, the activities of α-amylase, β-amylase, sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS) and sucrose synthase in the synthetic direction(SSs)were increased in the stems to promote the remobilization of NSCs for grain filling under AWMD. During grain filling, the enzymatic activities of sucrose synthase in the cleavage direction(SSc), AGPase, StSase and SBE in the inferior spikelets were increased, which promoted grain filling, especially for the inferior spikelets under ***, there were no significant differences in vascular microstructures. The grain yield and grain weight could be improved by 13.1 and 7.5%, respectively, by optimizing of the irrigation regime. We concluded that the low activities of key enzymes in carbon metabolism is the key limitation for the poor grain filling, as opposed to the vascular microstructures, and AWMD can increase the amount of NSC accumulation in the stems before heading, improve the utilization rate of NSCs after heading, and increase the grain filling, especially in the inferior spikelets, by altering the activities of key enzymes in carbon metabolism.

关键词： rice(Oryza sativa L.) non-structural carbohydrates(NsCs) enzymatic activity grain illing starch granules vascular bundle

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老藤小说与东北文学的新经验

中国文学批评 2024年第3期 56-62,190页

作者：张维阳沈阳师范大学中国文化与文学研究所沈阳110034

老藤的小说创作,将东北文学的传统和儒家文化相融合,形成了鲜明的个人文学风格。他对人的权利和尊严的关注,为东北文学注入了更多的暖意;他典雅明正的美学风格给粗线条的东北文学带来了一份细腻;其作品的时代性和当下性,也是儒家入世精... 详细信息

老藤的小说创作,将东北文学的传统和儒家文化相融合,形成了鲜明的个人文学风格。他对人的权利和尊严的关注,为东北文学注入了更多的暖意;他典雅明正的美学风格给粗线条的东北文学带来了一份细腻;其作品的时代性和当下性,也是儒家入世精神的体现。老藤的写作为东北文学带来了新的经验。

关键词：老藤东北文学儒家文化

重点中资制造企业空间组织视角下城际竞争与合作关系研究

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地理研究 2024年第6期43卷 1352-1369页

作者：钱雨昕张维阳华东师范大学中国行政区划研究中心上海200241 华东师范大学中国现代城市研究中心上海200241 华东师范大学地理科学学院上海200241 比利时荷语鲁汶大学公共治理研究所鲁汶3000

城际竞争与合作共同塑造了城市体系,但主流的城际关系研究较少关注城际竞争的量化识别与空间特征研究。本文基于2019年福布斯2000强中资制造业的企业组织数据,通过链锁模型识别城际合作关系;引入生态位重叠理论识别城市在外部合作关系... 详细信息

城际竞争与合作共同塑造了城市体系,但主流的城际关系研究较少关注城际竞争的量化识别与空间特征研究。本文基于2019年福布斯2000强中资制造业的企业组织数据,通过链锁模型识别城际合作关系;引入生态位重叠理论识别城市在外部合作关系上的城际绝对竞争和相对竞争;并对比了合作型与竞争型城际关系的网络特征及其影响因素。研究发现:①从城市节点看,经济与行政功能突出的城市往往拥有高合作强度,且与其他城市的市场腹地重叠的可能性更高,从而拥有较高的绝对竞争强度。而在控制了地理市场规模影响后,一些中西部省会城市则表现出了更高的相对竞争强度,具有较高可替代性。②从城际关系看,高强度的城际绝对竞争关系与城际合作关系主要发生在拥有高合作强度的城市之间,而相对测度下,城市最相似的竞争者往往是地理市场规模相近的城市。③从影响因素看,城市更倾向于与高行政等级城市合作与绝对竞争,与行政等级相近的城市相对竞争;城际合作与竞争关系仍然受到省级行政边界的影响,但并不符合距离衰减规律。本文可为优化城际竞合关系提供研究支撑。

关键词：城际竞争城际合作地理市场城市网络制造业企业

基于ML-ERGM的长三角“城市—企业”分层网络及其形成机制研究

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地理科学进展 2024年第4期43卷 674-684页

作者：钟无双唐可欣张维阳孙东琪戴靓华东师范大学地理科学学院上海200241 华东师范大学中国行政区划研究中心上海200241 华东师范大学中国现代城市研究中心上海200241 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101 南京财经大学公共管理学院南京210023

愈发重要的城际要素流动和中国特有的城市行政体系使城市群等区域组织兼具网络化与层级性特征。论文以长三角城市群为例,综合考虑空间连续性、节点连接性和长三角一体化演进态势划分中心层和外围层,借助多层指数随机图模型(multi-level ... 详细信息

愈发重要的城际要素流动和中国特有的城市行政体系使城市群等区域组织兼具网络化与层级性特征。论文以长三角城市群为例,综合考虑空间连续性、节点连接性和长三角一体化演进态势划分中心层和外围层,借助多层指数随机图模型(multi-level exponential random graph model,ML-ERGM),从企业联系的视角剖析长三角城市网络化与层级构造共存的模式,并从结构层面的基础结构效应与复杂结构效应,以及外生动力层面的城市经济规模、城际物理距离、城际交通可达性、行政边界效应探讨该模式的形成机制。研究发现:①长三角城市群的城际联系网络整体呈现出层级结构,且在城际联系强度上表现出明显的“首府引力效应”;②长三角城际联系网络受到结构效应驱动显著,具体表现为中心层闭合、外围层传递和层间扩张的动力机制;③城市经济规模是城际联系网络的重要影响因素,此外,相近的地理距离、便捷的交通网络及位于同一省份均能促进城际企业联系,但三者对不同层级网络的影响存在异质性。研究可为长三角城际联系网络的优化发展提供科学支撑。

关键词：企业联系网络化层级结构影响机制多层指数随机图模型长三角城市群

以就业为导向的高职院校旅游专业大类学生双创能力培养模式研究

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职业技术 2024年第10期23卷 51-56页

作者：赵欣宇张伟阳黑龙江旅游职业技术学院哈尔滨150086

近年来,在国家大力提倡文旅融合发展的背景下,文旅热潮逐步显现,文旅热对于激活内需、提高就业、振奋市场、增强信心等都起到了非常重要的作用,也对旅游专业大类学生的能力培养提出了更高要求,学生的双创能力培养是其中重要一环。高职... 详细信息

近年来,在国家大力提倡文旅融合发展的背景下,文旅热潮逐步显现,文旅热对于激活内需、提高就业、振奋市场、增强信心等都起到了非常重要的作用,也对旅游专业大类学生的能力培养提出了更高要求,学生的双创能力培养是其中重要一环。高职院校作为开设旅游专业的主要高等办学机构,结合其以就业为导向的办学目标,在培养旅游专业大类学生的双创能力培养方面,发挥着重要作用。研究围绕学生的创新创业意识、实践能力等方面,探讨以就业为导向的高职院校旅游专业大类学生双创能力培养模式存在的问题,并提出针对性策略,从而促进高职院校旅游专业大类学生高质量就业,助力文旅融合高质量发展。

关键词：就业旅游专业双创能力培育模式

Brassinosteroids mediate the effect of high temperature during anthesis on the pistil activity of photo-thermosensitive genetic male-sterile rice lines

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The Crop Journal 2021年第1期9卷 109-119页

作者： Jing Chen Keqi Fei weiyang zhang Zhiqin Wang Jianhua zhang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009JiangsuChina Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Brassinosteroids(BRs)play critical roles in a wide range of plant developmental ***,it is unknown whether and how BRs mediate the effect of high temperature(HT)stress during anthesis on the pistil activity of photo-thermosensitive genetic male-sterile(PTSGMS)rice(Oryza sativa L.)*** study investigated the *** pot-grown PTSGMS rice lines were subjected to HT stress during *** contents of 24-epibrassinolide(24-EBL)and 28-homobrassinolide(28-HBL),the major forms of BR in rice plants,and levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS)or antioxidants(AOS),hydrogen peroxide(H2O2),1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylic acid(ACC),ascorbic acid(AsA),and catalase activity in pistils,were *** stress significantly reduced the contents of both 24-EBL and 28-EBL relative to those under normal temperatures,but the reduction varied by PTSGMS line.A line with higher BR contents under HT stress showed lower contents of ACC and H2O2,higher catalase activity and AsA content in pistils,and higher fertilization rate,seed-setting rate,and seed yield when the line was crossed with a restorer line,indicating that higher levels of BRs increase HT stress *** 24-EBL,28-HBL or an inhibitor of BR biosynthesis confirmed the roles of BRs in response to HT *** results suggest that BRs mediate the effect of HT stress on pistil activity during anthesis and alleviate the harm of HT stress by increasing AOS and suppressing ROS generation.

关键词： Rice Photo-thermosensitive genetic male-sterile(PTSGMS) High temperature Brassinosteroids Pistil activity

Wetting alternating with partial drying during grain filling increases lysine biosynthesis in inferior rice grain

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